Reign of Reichwalde

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The rule of Reichwalde was a small aristocratic rule in today's Dahme-Spreewald district ( Brandenburg ), which emerged in the 14th century and comprised eleven to thirteen villages at the beginning of the 15th century. In 1414 it was sold; part of the stately villages came to the city of Luckau , the other part to the Storkow rule (and in the further course of history to the Storkow office ). The area of ​​the former rule is now divided into the municipalities and cities of Bersteland , Schönwald , Lübben (Spreewald) and Luckau in the district of Dahme-Spreewald. There was a second aristocratic rule, sometimes called the Reichwalde (or Reichswalde or Reichenwaldau) rule in Austrian Silesia (today Rychvald , Moravskoslezský kraj , Czech Republic ).

Associated places

Around 1400 the following places belonged to the Reichwalde rule (according to Lehmann ):

history

Little is known about the early history of the Reichwalde rule. It was not until 1301 that Reichwalde Castle was first mentioned in a document . But it must be significantly older. It was about halfway from Golßen to Lübben (Spreewald) , but a few hundred meters south of today's B 115 . Possibly it protected a transition over the burst here . A courtyard also belonged to the castle. In 1345 the castle and farm were owned by a Johann von Strel , who also owned the Beeskow and Buchholz rulers . In 1363 the Brandenburg margrave Ludwig enfeoffed "the Roman" as the then margrave of Lusatia. Botho v. Torgau , Reinhard / Reinhold v. Strehle and Dietrich v. Torgau with the Beeskow and Storkow and the Reichwalde and Märkisch Buchholz farms . Further loan deeds for the same property exist from 1364 to 1367. In a comparison of inheritance, Reinhard v. Strehle and Botho v. Torgau agreed that the Beeskow rulership and the Reichwalde and Märkisch Buchholz farms should be passed on to Reinhard v. After the death of Botho's father. Strehle should fall. In 1377 Johann and Ulrich von Biberstein came into the (joint) possession of the Beeskow and Reichwalde lords. Reichwalde was loaned to vassals. In 1378 Heinrich v. Wersing and the brothers v. Wansch, their house Reichwalde to Hans and Ulrich v. To keep Bieberstein open. Houwald mentions another helmet from Ronow as the owner of the Reichwalde estate. In 1382 the vassals were ousted from their feudal obligation towards Reinhard v. Strehle dismissed and instead paid homage to the brothers Hans and Ulrich v. Bieberstein. In 1384 the Bohemian and Roman-German King Wenzel Hans and Ulrich v. Bieberstein also formally with the lords of Beeskow, Storkow, Reichwalde and Märkisch Buchholz, as well as Duke Johann v. Görlitz as Margrave of Lusatia. Reinhard Herr von Strehla († 1414) was the uncle of the two Bibersteiners.

On April 26, 1414, Hans von Biberstein sold part of the Reichwalde estate with the villages of Reichwalde, Freiwalde, Schönwalde, Groß Lubolz, Niewitz and Duben to the city of Luckau. They also allowed the city of Luckau to demolish the Reichwalde Castle, which was no longer needed and obviously uninhabited, so that highwaymen and non-residents could not use it as a shelter. Other villages of the rule - Alteno, Kaden, Stöbritz and Wilmersdorf - came to the rule of Storkow and in the further course of history to the office of Storkow . The Alteno exclave later returned to the city of Luckau. It is uncertain whether Golzig and Schiebsdorf belong to the Reichwalde rulership; Schiebsdorf first came as an altarpiece to a Luckau church and was Luckau council village from 1572. Golzig was later knightly.

Reichwalde Castle

From the castle Reichwalde nothing received. It was north of the village between Mühlgraben, the village and the road to Freiwalde. Slight depressions of the former moats can still be seen in the area. It was demolished by the city of Luckau after the sale of the village of Reichwalde. On April 26, 1414, King Wenzel confirmed the ownership of the Reichwalde Castle and the villages of Reichwalde, Freiwalde, Schönwalde, Groß Lubolz, Niewitz and Düben as the overlord of the city of Luckau, and also granted permission to demolish the castle. Arndt reports on finds of early German blue-gray ceramics at the castle site.

supporting documents

literature

  • Alwin Arndt: On the history of Reichwalde Castle in the Luckau district. In: Brandenburgia. Volume 21, Berlin 1912.
  • Alwin Arndt: Daz hus tzu Richenwalde. In: Home calendar for the Luckau district. 1920.
  • Alwin Arndt: Reichwalde / Luckau. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History. Volume 11, 1960, pp. 118-133 ( PDF ).
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 1: Introduction and Overviews. The districts of Luckau, Lübben and Calau. Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 .
  • Rudolf Lehmann: The gentlemen in Lower Lusatia. Studies of origin and history. Böhlau, Cologne 1966.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Friedrich Beck: Document inventory of the Brandenburg State Main Archives - Kurmark, 2: Municipal institutions and noble lords and goods. VII, 820 pp., Berlin, Berlin-Verl. Spitz 2002 ISBN 3830502923 (also publications by the Brandenburg State Main Archive Potsdam 45), p. 508.
  2. ↑ Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitzer manors and their owners. Volume III: District of Lübben. Verlag Degener & Co., owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, ISBN 3-7686-4109-0 , p. 157.
  3. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Collection of documents, chronicles and other source documents. Part 1 (A) Vol. 20 516 pp., Reimer, Berlin 1861, online at Google Books (p. 358).

Coordinates: 51 ° 57 '  N , 13 ° 43'  E