Herwig Hamperl

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Herwig Hamperl (born September 12, 1899 in Vienna , † April 22, 1976 in Bonn ) was a German pathologist and university professor .

Life

Hamperl was born as the son of the Klosterneuburg district doctor Franz Hamperl. After participating in the First World War , he studied medicine at the University of Vienna .

From 1923 Hamperl was a student of Rudolf Maresch (1868-1936) at the Pathological Institute of the University of Vienna and stayed there with interruptions for about twelve years. The doctorate followed in 1926 . During a stay abroad in Soviet Russia as a scholarship holder of the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft in 1928/29, Hamperl worked on the spread of gastric ulcer in Russia .

In 1931 Hamperl was appointed private lecturer in Vienna and in 1935 associate professor in Berlin with Robert Rössle . Hamperl had been a member of the NSDAP since 1937 and was also a member of the SA . In 1940 he was appointed full professor at the Karl Ferdinand University in Prague , where he headed the Institute of Pathology. In this capacity Hamperl - together with the forensic doctor Günther Weyrich - autopsied the body of the deputy Reich Protector Reinhard Heydrich after the assassination attempt on May 27, 1942. Hamperl's later revocation of the original diagnoses gave rise to speculation about Heydrich's actual cause of death until recently.

Hamperl, who was appointed prorector for the SS security service (SD) in 1942 as a representative of the NS rector Wilhelm Saure, had become “the bad character of the medical faculty” towards the end of the war. The SD saw Hamperl as the “whip” of a bourgeois reactionary opposition who advocated the “depoliticization of science” and distanced itself from measures taken by the state or the NSDAP.

After the surrender of the German Wehrmacht in May 1945, Hamperl was briefly interned, but thanks to his knowledge of the Russian language he was able to avert a Soviet prisoner of war together with Herwigh Rieger, the last professor of the German eye clinic in Prague.

In the immediate post-war years, Hamperl worked as a prosector in Austria and Sweden . In 1949 he received a professorship at Uppsala University , but in the same year accepted an appointment to Marburg . During the Marburg appeal process in 1949, Hamperl was classified in Category V ("exonerated") with regard to a possible Nazi burden. 1951/52 he was dean of the medical faculty of the University of Marburg. Most recently, Hamperl was Professor of Pathology at the University of Bonn from 1954 to 1968 .

Since 1955 he was a corresponding and since 1969 an external member of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin .

plant

Hamperl is considered one of the most important pathohistologists of the 20th century. In 1931 he coined the term oncocyte for certain epithelial cells that he found in tumors of the large salivary glands, the pancreas, the liver, and testicular or breast tumors .

Hamperl is one of the pioneers of fluorescence microscopy and, together with Max Haitinger, carried out the first systematic fluorescence staining in histology.

In 1934 he was the first to describe reflux esophagitis . Hamperl is also one of the first to describe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in premature and newborn babies. In the early 1950s, this clinical picture occurred almost exclusively in this age group.

In addition to his scientific work, Hamperl also achieved significant results in imparting knowledge. In 1938 he took over as a single author, the 1901 Hugo Ribbert founded and initially by Johann Georg Mönckeberg and later by Carl Sternberg discontinued textbook of general pathology and pathological anatomy . In 1968 he handed the textbook over to his student Peter Gedigk , who modernized it together with Max Eder (from 1975). It saw another five editions until 1990.

After the death of his teacher Robert Rössle, Hamperl and the Zurich pathologist Erwin Uehlinger took over the editing of the renowned journal Virchows Archiv from 1957 to 1968 .

Fonts

  • Ribbert's textbook on general pathology and pathological anatomy. 12th edition. Vogel, Berlin 1939 (continued until the 28th edition in 1968 by Springer, Berlin).
  • Pathological-histological internship. Springer, Berlin 1942.
  • Corpse opening: Findings and diagnosis. An introduction to the pathological-anatomical dissecting room and the demonstration course. André, Prague 1944.
  • About the second disease. Lehmann, Munich 1967.
  • Illustrated tumor nomenclature. Springer, Berlin 1969.
  • Career and life path of a pathologist. Schattauer, Stuttgart 1972, ISBN 3-7945-0293-0 .
  • Robert Rössle in the last decade of his life: 1946–1956. Springer, Berlin 1976, ISBN 3-540-07915-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans-Walter Schmuhl: Race research at Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes before and after 1933. Wallstein, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-89244-471-4 .
  2. ^ Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 223.
  3. ↑ RJ Defalque, AJ Wright: The Puzzling Death of Reinhard Heydrich. (PDF; 987 kB) In: Bull Anesth Hist. 27, 2009, pp. 1-7. PMID 20506755 .
  4. ↑ Alena Mišková: The German University in Prague in comparison with other German universities during the war. In: Hans Lemberg (Ed.): Universities in national competition: on the history of Prague universities in the 19th and 20th centuries. Oldenbourg, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-486-56392-0 , p. 192.
  5. ↑ Kornelia Grundmann: The development of university medicine in Hesse under American occupation using the example of the Medical Faculty of Marburg. (PDF; 2.0 MB) In: Z Ver Hess Gesch. 2005, pp. 267-342.
  6. ^ Members of the previous academies. Herwig Hamperl. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , accessed on April 1, 2015 .
  7. ↑ H. Hamperl: Onkocyten and tumors of the salivary gland. In: Virchows Arch Path Anat. 282, 1931, pp. 724-736. doi: 10.1007 / BF01887014
  8. ↑ M. Haitinger, H. Hamperl: The application of the fluorescence microscope to examine animal tissue. In: Z Mikr Anat Forsch. 33, 1933, pp. 193-221.
  9. ↑ H. Hamperl: Peptic Esophagitis. In: Verh Dtsch Pathol Ges. 27, 1934, pp. 208-215.
  10. ↑ H. Hamperl: On the question of parasite detection in interstitial plasmocellular pneumonia. In: Klin Wschr. 30, 1952, pp. 820-822. PMID 13001119 .
  11. ↑ H. Hamperl: Pneumocystis infection and cytomegaly of the lungs in the newborn and adult. In: Am J Pathol . 32, 1956, pp. 1-13. PMID 13275561 . PMC 1942588 (free full text)
  12. ^ G. Seifert: book reviews. In: Klin Wschr. 69, 1991, p. 302. doi: 10.1007 / BF01644761

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Hamperl, Herwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pathologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH April 22, 1976
Place of death Bonn