Robert Roessle

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Bust of Rössle in front of the Robert Rössle Clinic

Robert Rössle (born August 19, 1876 in Augsburg , † November 21, 1956 in Berlin ) was a German pathologist .

Life

After graduating from the humanistic grammar school in Augsburg, Rössle studied medicine in Munich , Kiel and Strasbourg . During his studies he became a member of the AGV Munich . He received his doctorate in Munich in 1900, passed the medical state examination and then returned to the Institute of Pathology at Kiel University. Work then followed with Richard Hertwig at the Zoological Institute and with Max von Gruber at the Hygiene Institute of the University of Munich, as well as a trip around the world (1902–1903).

Following his habilitation in general pathology and pathological anatomy in Kiel in 1904, he moved to Munich, where Rössle stayed at the Pathological Institute with Otto von Bollinger until his death, was appointed associate professor in the same year and worked there as a prosector until 1910 was. From 1911 to 1921 he was appointed professor for general pathology and pathological anatomy at the University of Jena . During this time he played a decisive role in the disciplinary proceedings against the then head of the University Women's Clinic, Max Henkel . From 1922 to 1929 Rössle held the respective full professorship in Basel and in 1929 was appointed to the chair of pathology at the Charité in Berlin as the successor to Otto Lubarsch , where he remained as director of the pathological institute until 1948.

During the time of National Socialism , Rössle was a contributor to the journal for human inheritance and constitutional doctrine published by Günther Just and Karl Heinrich Bauer from 1935 . On August 18, 1942, Adolf Hitler appointed him to the scientific senate of the army medical system. Rössle participated in the air force research based on human experiments on the pathological-anatomical changes in pressure drop sickness and air blast damage . In 1944 Rössle was appointed to the Scientific Advisory Board of the General Commissioner for Sanitary and Health Care Karl Brandt .

Since Rössle was not a member of the NSDAP , he continued to teach at the Humboldt University in Berlin after the end of World War II . After retiring, he worked as a prosector at the Wenckebach Municipal Hospital in Berlin until 1953 and then devoted himself to experimental studies at the Institute for Tissue Research.

Robert Rössle was married to Ingegerd Kjelland.

Services

In his habilitation , Rössle initially dealt with pigmentation processes in melanoma . Starting from questions of cellular immunity in the blood, he turned to research into the causes of liver cirrhosis ( hepatitis , hepatosis), whereby an inflammation-related loss of parenchyma in the liver was recognized as a main cause. Important insights into the distinction between primary and secondary liver cirrhosis also go back to Rössle. Another focus of his work was the general pathology of inflammation ("phylogenesis of inflammation"), which led to the coining of the important term "sensation of foreign tissue", which is equally important for allergy , anaphylaxis and transplant rejection .

The core of Rössle's theory of inflammation is the hypothesis that inflammation is to be viewed as a pathological increase in minimal physiological processes ( exudation , proliferation , phagocytosis , cell death, cell regeneration) at the cellular level. Rössle made a major contribution to clarifying the concept of allergy. He equated allergy as an acquired reaction pattern with the allergic reaction, whereby, starting from a "norm mergy", allergy can occur as hyperergy or anergy or hyperergy as anaphylaxis or immune response.

Under the aspect of constitutional pathology, Rössle has been concerned with growth processes and aging since 1910, certainly in the sense of modern gerontology . The standard work for autopsy was his monograph Measure and Numbers in Pathology , in which norms are defined that allow the systematic and controlled evaluation of pathological findings. The monograph Pathology of the Family presents a large number of pathological-anatomical autopsy findings in relatives, spouses, twins and triplets and led to the remarkable finding that acquired diseases, epidemics and lifestyle factors (stimulants, unhealthy habits) are more pathologically effective than inheritance mechanisms.

Robert Rössle published more than 300 original works and ten large monographs. He was also responsible for 39 volumes of Virchow's archive as editor until 1956 .

In 1936 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina .

Rössle was awarded the GDR National Prize, received several honorary doctorates, was an honorary member of eleven scientific societies and a full member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin. In Berlin-Buch , a street and a hospital are named after the doctor.

Honors

Fonts (selection)

  • Cyst hygromas of the neck. Diss. Med., Munich 1900.
  • The pigmentation process in melanosarcoma. Habilitation thesis, Kiel 1904.
  • About aging. In: Scientific weekly. Vol. 32 (1917), H. 18, pp. 241-247 ( digitized version ).
  • About inflammation. In: Negotiations of the German Society for Pathology. Vol. 19 (1923), pp. 18-68.
  • Internal causes of disease , general cell and tissue pathology , protective body formation and immunity. In: Ludwig Aschoff (ed.): Textbook of pathological anatomy. 6th edition. Vol. 1, Jena 1923, pp. 1-52, pp. 291-323, pp. 485-513.
  • Classification des cirrhoses hépatiques. In: Annales d'anatomie pathologique. 6: 875-894 (1929).
  • Inflammation of the liver. In: Henke, Lubarsch (Ed.): Handbook of special pathological anatomy. Vol. 2/1, Berlin, 1930, pp. 243-505.
  • with Frédéric Roulet: Measure and Number in Pathology. Berlin 1932.
  • About simplified handling of the calorie values ​​for practical nutritional issues. Munich 1919.
  • Allergy and pathergy. In: Clinical weekly . Vol. 12 (1933), pp. 574-581.
  • The pathological anatomy of the family. Berlin 1940.
  • [Review of:] Günther Just, Handbuch der Erbbiologie des Menschen. In: Clinical weekly. Volume 19, 1940, p. 720 f., And Volume 20, 1941, p. 426.
  • with Kurt Apitz : Atlas of the pathological anatomy. Stuttgart 1951.

literature

Web links

Commons : Robert Rössle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Association of Alter SVer (VASV): Address book. Membership directory of all old men. As of October 1, 1937. Hanover 1937, p. 175.
  2. ↑ Katrin Ratz: The "Max Henkel" case. The official criminal proceedings against the Jena professor of gynecology and obstetrics (1915-1918) dissertation , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 2002 (PDF document; 500 kB)
  3. ↑ a b c Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, second updated edition, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 , p. 503.
  4. ↑ member entry of Robert Roessle at the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina , accessed on 23 June 2016th
personal data
SURNAME Rössle, Robert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pathologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 19, 1876
PLACE OF BIRTH augsburg
DATE OF DEATH November 21, 1956
Place of death Berlin