Max von Gruber

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Max von Gruber.

Maximilian Franz Maria Gruber , since 1908 Knight von Gruber (born July 6, 1853 in Vienna , Austrian Empire , † September 16, 1927 in Berchtesgaden ), was an Austrian- German medic , botanist , physiologist , bacteriologist and hygienist . Von Gruber is considered to be one of the founders of modern hygiene and serology and also dealt with issues of racial hygiene .

Life

Max Gruber, son of Ignaz Gruber , one of the first ear specialists in Austria, grew up in Vienna. After graduating from the renowned Schottengymnasium , Gruber studied medicine and chemistry at the universities of Vienna , Munich and Leipzig . In 1876 he received his doctorate in medicine in Vienna and was then assistant at the Chemical Institute in Vienna for three years. He received his further training in Munich under Max von Pettenkofer , Carl von Voit and Carl von Nägeli . In 1882 he completed his habilitation in Vienna in the subject of hygiene, then worked for a semester under the physiologist Carl Ludwig in Leipzig and in 1884 took over the management of the Institute for Hygiene and Bacteriology at the University of Graz as an associate professor . From 1887 he taught in Vienna, where he was appointed director of the Hygiene Institute as the successor to Josef Nowak and was made professorial in 1891.

In 1896 Gruber, together with his English colleague Herbert Edward Durham (1866–1945), discovered the so-called agglutination and thus founded the later serology . Fernand Widal was responsible for ensuring that this method could be used in practice on a large scale ( Gruber-Widal reaction ).

In 1902 Gruber was appointed professor of hygiene and successor to his friend Hans Buchner, director of the Hygiene Institute in Munich . In 1908 he received the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown and thereby the elevation to the Bavarian nobility . During his time in Munich he increasingly turned to questions of race hygiene. From 1910 to 1922 he was chairman of the German Society for Racial Hygiene . During the First World War he worked as a nationalist-political speaker for a German “victory peace” and an enlarged German colonial empire. Max von Gruber was a member of the Pan-German Association . In 1917 he took on the editing of the racist- nationalist magazine Germany's Renewal, founded by Julius Friedrich Lehmann (among others, together with Houston Stewart Chamberlain ). Together with Lehmann and the historian Karl Alexander von Müller , Max von Gruber founded the Bavarian regional association of the German Fatherland Party in October 1917 . In 1919 he was a co-founder of the German National People's Party in Bavaria.

In March 1923, at the age of almost 70, Max von Gruber applied for his retirement ; His successor as director of the Hygiene Institute at the University of Munich was Karl Kißkalt from 1925 , like von Gruber, a member of the Society for Racial Hygiene . On December 1, 1923, Max von Gruber was elected President of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences for three years with 38 votes out of 40 , and he took office in early 1924. Max von Gruber was appointed a full member of the Academy on November 15, 1910, and at the end of March 1915 the Bavarian government offered him the presidency as the successor to the suddenly deceased Karl Theodor von Heigel , d. H. appointed and not elected. At that time he had refused, on the formal grounds that he did not consider himself worthy enough.

During a vacation stay in Bischofswiesen near Berchtesgaden , Max von Gruber died unexpectedly of a heart attack on the afternoon of September 16, 1927 ; the funeral took place on September 19th with great participation in the Munich forest cemetery . His successor as President of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences was the classical philologist Eduard Schwartz .

Well-known family members were his brother, the architect Franz von Gruber , and his sons, the geodesist Otto von Gruber and the chemist Wolfgang Gruber .

A small side street at the Schwabing Clinic in Munich was named after Max von Gruber . The Max-von-Gruber-Brunnen, designed by Karl Knappe , was erected here in 1928 .

Works

  • Sex life hygiene - illustrated for men. Verlag Ernst Heinrich Moritz, Stuttgart 1903.

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Max von Gruber  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Max von Gruber  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Holger Münzel: Max von Frey. Life and work with special consideration of his sensory-physiological research. Würzburg 1992 (= Würzburg medical-historical research , 53), p. 185 f. ( Max <v.> Gruber ).
  2. ^ Heinz Huber: History of the Medical Faculty Innsbruck and the Medical-Surgical College (1673-1938). Böhlau, Vienna 2010, p. 242.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart: The German medical profession in Furor teutonicus , Deutsches Ärzteblatt, Issue 17/2014, SA728 – A.732, [1]
  4. ^ Rainer Hering: Constructed Nation: the Pan-German Association, 1890 to 1939 , Christians 2003, p. 191
  5. ^ The call for founding is dated October 2, 1917. Matthias Berg: Karl Alexander von Müller - Historian for National Socialism (series of publications by the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Volume 88). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, p. 74.
  6. ↑ Helmut Gruber (Ed.): Ridge walks. Memoirs of Wolfgang Gruber (1886–1971). Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 2018, pp. 65, 172f, 412f.
  7. ^ The Max-von-Gruber-Strasse in OpenStreetMap
  8. ↑ Max-von-Gruber-Brunnen in the list of monuments of the city of Munich
predecessor Office successor
Hugo Ritter von Seeliger President of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences from
1924 to 1927 		Eduard Schwartz
personal data
SURNAME Gruber, Max von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-German physician, biologist and eugenicist
DATE OF BIRTH July 6, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH September 16, 1927
Place of death Berchtesgaden