Orange-red hawkweed

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Orange-red hawkweed
Orange-red hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum)

Orange-red hawkweed ( Hieracium aurantiacum )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Hawkweed ( Hieracium )
Type : Orange-red hawkweed
Scientific name
Hieracium aurantiacum
L.

The orange-red hawkweed ( Hieracium aurantiacum L. , Syn .: Hieracium brunneocroceum Pugsley , Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) FW Schultz & Sch. Bip. ) Is a species of hawkweed ( Hieracium ) in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It is native to the mountainous regions of Central, Southern and Western Europe and has been introduced to other parts of Europe as well as North America and Australia.

description

Illustration from Johann Georg Sturm (1796), Germany's flora in illustrations, plate 60

Vegetative characteristics

The orange-red hawkweed is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 15 to 60 centimeters. The species forms both above and below ground runners . The upright stems are covered with numerous fine, 2 to 4 millimeters long, dark hairs and have a finely but coarsely hairy base.

At the base of the stem there are three to eight, sometimes more basal leaves , while there are no or one, and occasionally more, leaves on the stem. The leaf blade is at a length from 4.5 to 16 centimeters and a width of 1 to 3.5 centimeters to spatulate upside-lanceolate with wedge-shaped and tapered Spreitenbasis Spreitenspitze. The margins of the spread are whole. Both the underside and the upper side of the leaf are covered with numerous 1 to 2 millimeter long, fine dark hairs.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period in North America extends from May to June and August to September, while in Switzerland it extends from June to August. The umbel-like total inflorescence usually contains two to seven, occasionally twelve or more cup-shaped partial inflorescences. The inflorescence shaft is hairy glandular. With a length of 0.6 to 1 centimeters, the bell-shaped involucre contains 13 to 30, occasionally more, glandular hairy bracts on the underside . The flower heads contain 25 to 120 or more ray florets. The yellow-orange over orange to dark orange-red ray flowers are 1 to 1.4 centimeters long.

The achenes are columnar with a length of 1.2 to 2 millimeters. The pappus consists of 25 to 30 white bristle hairs that are 3.5 to 4 millimeters long.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63 or 72.

Occurrence

The orange-red hawkweed is native to the mountains of Central , Southern and Northern Europe at altitudes of 1100 to 3000 meters. In the Allgäu Alps , the species rises at the lake heads towards the Laufbacher Eck in Bavaria up to 2000 meters above sea level. In other areas of Central Europe as well as in North America and the southeastern part of Australia the species is feral.

This plant species prefers slightly acidic, nutrient-poor grasslands , dwarf shrub heaths or willows , and can also be found cultivated in rock gardens. It is originally a character species of the Nardion association , but also occurs in plant communities of the Calamagrostion association . It runs wild in poor park lawns and then occurs in companies of the Cynosurion association.

Systematics

It was first described as Hieracium aurantiacum in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, page 801. A synonym for Hieracium aurantiacum L. is Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) FW Schultz & Sch. Gdp.

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) FW Schultz & Sch. Gdp. subsp. aurantiaca
  • Pilosella aurantiaca subsp. auropurpurea (Peter) Soják : It occurs in France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany and Austria.
  • Pilosella aurantiaca subsp. decolorans (Fr.) T. Tyler : It occurs in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Slovakia and Romania.

use

Many garden owners appreciate the plant as a industriously flowering wild perennial that is ideal as a ground cover . The taste is slightly bitter, the flower buds taste sweet. Together, the flavors are reminiscent of bitter chocolate . The effects of this herb are described as being expectorant, diuretic, antibiotic , antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory. In the old herbalism, the hawkweed is used internally for diarrhea, flu-like infections, bladder and kidney infections, worms and kidney stones , externally for wound treatment and as an eye wash.

proof

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpenblumen , Munich 2003, ISBN 3-576-11482-3
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b The Royal Horticultural Society: "AZ Encyclopedia of garden plants"
  2. ↑ a b c d e John L. Strother: Asteraceae . Hieracium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae-Anthemideae). Volume 19. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , Hieracium (English, Hieracium aurantiacum - online - this work is online with the same text.).
  3. ↑ a b c Hieracium aurantiacum. In: The national data and information center for the Swiss flora. www.infoflora.ch, accessed on January 3, 2017 (German).
  4. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  1000 .
  5. ↑ Hieracium aurantiacum. In: Weeds in Australia. www.environment.gov.au, accessed on January 3, 2017 (English).
  6. ↑ a b Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 688.
  7. ↑ Hieracium aurantiacum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 3, 2017.
  8. ↑ a b c Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (eds.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Pilosella aurantiaca In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  9. ↑ Druidenwerk - Orange-red hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum) ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / druidenwerk.de

Web links

Commons : Orange-red hawkweed ( Hieracium aurantiacum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Johann Georg Sturm, (1796), Germany's flora in pictures  - album with pictures, videos and audio files