Hokianga Harbor
| Hokianga Harbor | ||
| Geographical location | ||
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| Coordinates | 35 ° 32 ′ S , 173 ° 22 ′ E | |
| Region ISO | NZ-NTL | |
| country | New Zealand | |
| region | Northland | |
| Sea access | Tasman Sea | |
| Data on the natural harbor | ||
| Port entrance | 1 180 m wide | |
| length | around 32 km | |
| width | Max. 3.5 km | |
| surface | 110.65 km 2 | |
| Coastline | 110 km | |
| places | Rawene , Kohukohu , Omapere , Opononi | |
| Tributaries | Mangamuka River , Orira River , Waihou River | |
| Jetty | Kohukohu , Omapere , Opononi | |
| Ferry dock |
Rawene , road to Kohukohu |
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| Photography of the natural harbor | ||
 Hokianga Harbor (satellite photo taken with NASA World Wind) |
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The Hokianga Harbor , from the Māori Hokianga-nui-o-Kupe called, is a natural harbor on the north west coast of the North Island of New Zealand . The area around the natural harbor is often simply called Hokianga , although it is not shown as such on any map .
geography
The Hokianga Harbor consists of a former river bed that was flooded from the sea with the rise in sea level and went under. It is located on the northern part of the west coast of the North Island in the Far North District , around 35 km south of Kaitaia and 85 km northwest of Whangarei . The widely branched and around 32 km long estuary has a size of 11,065 hectares , making it the fourth largest natural harbor in the country. In the northeast, Hokianga Harbor is formed by the confluence of the Mangamuka River , Orira River and Waihou River . At its widest point, the fjord-like water measures around 3.5 km, towards the Tasman Sea a little over 1 km.
The Hokianga Harbor is nestled between up to 780 m high mountains on both sides lining near the coast the waters. The mountains quickly flatten out towards the interior. Here the hills are formed by a height of 150 m .
Places directly on Hokianga Harbor are from west to east on the north bank:
- Waitapu , Rangi Point , Te Karaka
- Lower Waihou , Panguru , Motuti , Motukauri , Matawhera
- Motukaraka , Rangiora
- Kohukohu
on the southern bank:
- Omapere , Opononi , Pakanae , Koutu , Onoke
- Whirinaki
- Karuhiruhi , Opara , Oue , Rawene
- Ohuri , Papua , Ivydale , Māngungu
Bound traffic Technically, the Hokianga Harbor on the New Zealand State Highway 12 , the over Dargaville coming north near the coast to Omapere runs and then eastward, first performed in parallel to the estuary in the country's center at Ohaeawai on the New Zealand State Highway 1 hits. A car ferry connects the two banks of Hokianga Harbor between Rawene and Rangiora .
Mythology and history
" Hokianga-nui-o-Kupe " describes the Hokianga Harbor as the last place of departure of Kupe , the Polynesian explorer of New Zealand. In Māori mythology , Kupe left Hawaiki to hunt a large octopus . He brought him to New Zealand, where Kupe finally killed him, according to legend, in the Cook Strait . Kupe is said to have started his return journey to Hawaiki from Hokianga , hence the Maori name for the place, which however cannot be precisely determined.
The two canoes ( waka ) that followed Kupe's references to the voyage to New Zealand were the renewed canoe Kupe , Mātāwhaorua Waka , now named Ngātokimātāwhaorua Waka and the Māmari Waka , which accompanied the first canoe. When they arrived in New Zealand, the crews of both canoes settled in the greater area around Hokianga Harbor . The members of the Iwi (tribe) of the Ngāpuhi are still considered to be the descendants of the two canoes and von Kupe . In addition to the name for the natural harbor described above, the Hapū der Gegen refer to their settlement area as " Te Kohanga o Te Tai Tokerau " (The Nest of the Northern People) or as " Te Puna o Te Ao Marama " (The Origin of Moonlight).
The first Europeans reach Hokianga Harbor around 1800. 20 years later the surrounding forest was exploited and New Zealand flax was grown. The first missionaries came from 1828 and in February 1840 William Hobson invited the chiefs of the surrounding tribes to sign the Treaty of Waitangi . In the 1870s, the extraction of kauri resin was added as a source of income.
In addition to trade, economic changes and cultural influences, the Europeans also brought modern weapons with them. Hongi Hika , an influential chief of the Ngāpuhi , was one of the first Māori chiefs to use the new weapons, albeit initially in vain. In 1810, Hone Heke , a famous warrior of the Pakaraka tribe, was born. He was later considered to be the initiator and trigger of the Flagstaff War , which was about recognition and respect for the British crown and ended in a military conflict.
Hokianga Ecological District
The Hokianga Ecological District is centered in Hokianga Harbor . The ecological district is described as a special feature, in which salt marshes alternate with mangroves , fresh water wetlands, forests, scrubland and isolated dune landscapes and together represent a unique ecosystem. In the area of Hokianga Harbor and its extensive surroundings, a total of 125 areas with a total size of 86,000 hectares are designated, of which 93 areas are of regional importance.
48.6% of the areas worthy of protection come from all wetlands combined, 29.5% from forests, 19% from scrubland and 3% from dune landscapes. In 1994/95, the areas worthy of protection were designated as worthy of protection on the basis of the Protected Natural Areas Program (PNAP) created in 1982 . In 2004 the Department of Conservation prepared a new report under the same program and designated the area as an Ecological District , which is defined under geological, topographical, climatic and biological aspects.
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See also
literature
- Linda Conning, Wendy Holland, Nigel Miller : Natural areas of Hokianga Ecological District . Ed .: Department of Conservation . Whangarei 2004, ISBN 0-478-22518-0 (English).
- Bernard John Foster : Hokianga and Harbor . Ed .: Alexander Hare McLintock . Whangarei 2004, ISBN 0-478-22518-0 (English).
Web links
- Bernard John Foster : Hokianga and Harbor . In: An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Alexander Hare McLintock , 1966, accessed April 11, 2016 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Bernard John Foster : Hokianga and Harbor . In: An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Alexander Hare McLintock , 1966, accessed April 11, 2016 .
- ^ Conning, Holland, Miller : Natural areas of Hokianga Ecological District . 2004, p. 12, 18 .
- ↑ a b Topo250 maps . Land Information New Zealand , accessed April 11, 2016 .
- ↑ Te Ahukaram Charles Royal : First peoples in Māori tradition - Kupe . In: Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand . Ministry for Culture & Heritage , September 22, 2012, accessed April 11, 2016 .
- ↑ The Hokianga . In: The Northern Age . The New Zealand Herald , January 7, 2014, accessed April 11, 2016 .
- ↑ Freda Rankin Kawharur : Heke Pokai, Hone Wiremu . In: Dictionary of New Zealand Biography . Volume 1 . Allen & Unwin , Wellington 1990 (English, online [accessed April 11, 2016]).
- ^ Conning, Holland, Miller : Natural areas of Hokianga Ecological District . 2004, p. 9, 11 .
- ^ Conning, Holland, Miller : Natural areas of Hokianga Ecological District . 2004, p. 302 .