Wood research Munich

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Wood Research Munich (HFM)
Wood Research Munich (HFM)
Logo of the wood research Munich
Category: research Institute
Carrier: Technical University of Munich (TUM)
Consist: 1954
Facility location: Munich
Branch office: Freising-Weihenstephan
Subjects: Forest Science Wood Science Civil Engineering
Areas of expertise: Material science and material technology
Mechanics and physics
Raw material and product chemistry
Wood bioprocesses
Material flow management
Management: Klaus Richter
Employee: approx. 60
Homepage: HFM

The Wood Research Munich (HFM) is an institute of the Technical University of Munich (TUM). It carries out university education, research and development as well as service work on the subject of wood for customers and industrial partners. The aim is to secure wood as a renewable resource and to use it efficiently and appropriately.
Organizationally, the HFM is divided into the three professorships of wood science (Klaus Richter), wood technology (Jan Willem van de Kuilen) and wood bioprocesses (J. Philipp Benz). They shape the teaching content of the university 's bachelor's and master's degrees in the fields of wood, forestry and civil engineering as well as the use of renewable resources. Scientific research projects are carried out in five overarching research areas: - The necessary equipment is provided by the wood research laboratory. An officially recognized testing, monitoring and certification body for fire testing and timber construction products is also operated as a sub-unit .

history

After the Second World War , the Free State of Bavaria made efforts in 1949 to set up its own wood research institute. This happened five years later. On October 1, 1954, Franz Kollmann accepted the call from the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich to the newly created chair and became head of the Institute for Wood Research and Wood Technology in Munich. Before that, Kollmann was director of the Reichsanstalt für Holzforschung in Eberswalde near Berlin (Mechanical-Technological Institute), which was lost in the war. The institute moved into a state-owned building in the former Prinz-Leopold barracks , and it is still the headquarters today. At the beginning, the institute was divided into five departments, whose specialist orientation can also be found in today's scientific orientation.

  • Biology, anatomy and pathology of wood
  • Chemistry of wood
  • Physics of wood and process engineering in the wood industry
  • Mechanical technology of wood and wood-based materials
  • Mechanics and testing of wood and wood-based materials

The Society of Friends and Patrons of Wood Research Munich was founded in 1956 and has been supporting it both ideally and financially since then. Members are representatives of the wood industry, associations and private individuals. In 1970 a guest group from the building faculty of the Technical University of Munich under Peter Glos carried out systematic strength tests on wood. In 1984 Glos was appointed professor for physical wood technology. After Kollmann retired in 1972, Horst Schulz was appointed director in 1973. He pursued an increased professional focus on forestry. From 1974 the institute belonged to the newly established Faculty for Forest Sciences at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. In 1993 Gerd Wegener became head of the institute. One year earlier, in 1992, the Faculty of Forestry was relocated to the newly founded science location Freising-Weihenstephan . The chair for wood science has remained the only institution at the founding location in Munich to this day. In 1999 the faculty was transferred from the Ludwig-Maximilian University to the Technical University of Munich by resolution of the Bavarian Council of Ministers and dissolved in 2000 when the Weihenstephan Science Center for Nutrition, Land Use and Environment (WZW) was founded . At the same time, the Institute for Wood Research and Wood Technology was renamed in its current name, Holzforschung München, and is organizationally part of the WZW.
Since April 2011 the HFM has been headed by Klaus Richter.

Location

Wood research has been based in Winzererstrasse in Munich since it was founded . The state-owned building belonged to the former Prinz-Leopold barracks. It was built in 1902 for the Royal Bavarian 1st Heavy Rider Regiment "Prince Karl of Bavaria" . At the end of the 1960s, a second building was built for the institute next to the barracks building, which is still called the "new building" today.

Research areas

The three framework professorships are divided into five different research areas. You are responsible for scientific research and project management.

Materials science and technology

One focus of this work area is fire research. Characteristic values ​​for determining the fire and smoldering behavior of wood and wood-based materials are recorded. Knowledge of the fire tests enables the material to be optimized and used in the development of impregnations or coatings. Materials science research deals with the development and improvement of wood-based materials such as composite insulation materials based on milling chips or resilient chips and non-combustible composite systems. Furthermore, the division deals with the wood yield and quality of beech peeled veneers for the production of plywood and the development of door blanks for fire and soundproof doors .

Mechanics and physics

The properties of wood are examined depending on its origin and growth conditions. The strengths differ due to these factors. They are determined by means of bending and tensile tests and serve as a basis for predicting the performance and service life of wood. The research activities are closely related to developments in forestry . For indigenous hardwoods such as beech or ash , mechanical sorting processes are developed, the strength and rigidity of the wood as well as its construction products and possibilities for the efficient provision of high-quality sawn timber and wood-based materials are examined.

Wood bioprocesses

The biochemical and molecular genetic mechanisms that mold and brown rot fungi use to decompose wood are examined. They adapt their metabolism to the respective biomass . The findings from research are used to use the fungi and their wood-decomposing enzymes in the production of energy from biomass and to develop non-toxic wood protection processes. The methods of wood modification are an alternative to toxic wood preservatives . Modified products are environmentally friendly both during their lifetime and when they are disposed of . Using molecular biological methods ( RNA and DNA analyzes ), both the mode of action of the modification and the resistance to fungi can be examined. The objects of investigation are thermally and DMDHEU modified as well as furfurylated and acetylated wood. The research is carried out in collaboration and a. carried out with the Technical Research Institute Sweden (SP).

Raw material and product chemistry

The research area deals with chemical analyzes and the chemical-technological use of wood and other biomass. This includes the chemical characterization of wood species and lignocelluloses as well as their respective molecular components, wood preservative analyzes and the behavior of wood species in industrially relevant processes. Interactions between wood and binding agents are examined and changes in thermal processes are characterized. This includes the so-called thermowood . Modifications can change the properties of wood, make it more durable and achieve greater stability . This depends on the type of wood, treatment temperature and duration. In addition, accessory wood constituents , the so-called extract substances, are isolated and analyzed. They influence the natural resistance and play a role in degradation processes by harmful organisms. Resistant tropical woods , whose molecular principle of action is still unknown, are examined .

Material flow management

Wood is a raw, building and material as well as an important energy carrier . Due to the wide range of possible uses, there are competitive relationships for the raw material. In order to be able to develop strategies for the efficient and sustainable use of wood, the material and energy flows of the raw material and the range of wood products are analyzed over their life cycle and compared with non-wood products. The research area prepares life cycle assessments and sustainability assessments for the national and international forestry as well as the wood industry and construction within the framework of research projects and studies. A scientific research focus is the evaluation of usage options for waste wood in terms of cascading use.

Testing, monitoring and certification body (PÜZ)

Holzforschung München is an officially recognized and notified PÜZ body for wood construction products and fire protection. Together with the State Material Testing Office for Mechanical Engineering at the Technical University of Munich , wood research operates a test center for wood adhesives in accordance with state building regulations .

Fire testing

The fire testing laboratory of Wood Research Munich is recognized and notified by the German Institute for Building Technology (DIBt) as a testing, monitoring and certification body . The following tests are carried out:

  • Building material tests according to DIN 4102 :

750 ° oven (4102-1), Brandschacht (4102-15, -16), small test bench (4102-8), smoke density test (4102-1 appendix A + B), small burner (4102-1), bomb calorimeter (51900)

  • Building material tests according to EN 13501-1:

SBI test stand (EN 13823), 750 ° furnace (EN ISO 1182), small burner (EN ISO 11925-2), calorimeter (EN ISO 1716), muffle furnace (EN 13820), smoldering tester (EN 16733)

  • Determination of the melting point of mineral wool according to DIN 4102-17
  • Fire resistance tests according to DIN 4102, EN 1363, 1364 and 1634
  • Classifications of construction products and types of fire behavior: DIN 4102-1, -2 and -5 EN 13501-1 and -2

The body is authorized to issue general building inspection test certificates and reports. The monitoring and certification required by building law is carried out.

Monitoring and certification

Holzforschung München is recognized as a certification body according to the Construction Products Regulation ( CE marking ) as well as the state building regulations (Ü marking). It monitors and certifies companies that B. manufacture the following construction products:

Xylotheque

The HFM xylotheque (wood species collection) consists of two parts. The scientifically used collection comprises over 10,000 wood samples and 22,000 thin-cut specimens from more than 5,000 wood species. The historical part of the collection comprises two wooden collections compiled in book form by the Ebersberg clergyman Candid Huber with 145 and 117 exhibits, respectively, made of wooden panels and plant parts. Furthermore, the first serially produced historical wood collection by Christian Friedrich Bellermann and an edition of the thin-cut collection made by forester Hermann von Nördlinger around 1850 with a total of 900 species are kept. The xylotheque was created in 1954, the year it was founded, by the curator at the time, Eberhard Schmidt. From 1971 the new curator Dietger Grosser systematically expanded the thin-section collection. In addition, the HFM houses a scientific library, a culture collection for timber mushrooms as well as sample collections for teaching purposes.

Makoré tree

Makoré tree natural monument in front of Wood Research Munich in Winzererstraße

In addition to the old wood research building, the trunk section of a Makoré tree ( Thiegemella heckelii ) is on display. It was brought to Munich from the Ivory Coast in 1973 as part of a forestry fair and in 1980 it was assigned to wood research in order to preserve it as a natural monument . Makoré is a type of tree or wood that is widespread in West Africa. The main growing areas are the Ivory Coast , Ghana and Cameroon . The bottom 11 meters of the giant tree, which is over 50 meters high and has a trunk diameter of 4 meters, are on display . Its estimated age is 700 to 800 years. For a long time, the trunk section was the largest and at the same time the heaviest that has ever been brought from Africa to Europe.

Web links

literature

  • W. Hermann (Ed.): Center of Life Science Weihenstephan. Science in the service of human child. TUM Technical University, Munich 1998, OCLC 247402011 .
  • G. Wegener: A look back: 50 years of wood research in Munich. The Munich institute is closely associated with prominent figures in wood science. In: Holz-Zentralblatt. No. 23, special edition, 2004.

Individual evidence

  1. Speech by Prof. Gerd Wegener on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the HFM 2005 - published on March 22, 2005 in Holz-Zentralblatt No. 23 (special edition).
  2. ^ Institute history Fraunhofer WKI - Reichsanstalt für Holzforschung Eberswalde . Website of the Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  3. ^ Society of Friends and Sponsors of Wood Research Munich e. V. - Registry entry ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Website of the GES Registrat GmbH. Retrieved March 12, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.registrat.de
  4. Peter Glos retires - TUMcampus 03/08 . Article from TUMcampus magazine. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  5. Development of the Weihenstephan University Location - Timeline . Website of the Weihenstephan Science Center. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  6. Prince Leopold Kaserne - From the First World War in Munich . Website about barracks in Munich from the First World War. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  7. ( Notification number 0797 ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ec.europa.eu
  8. Materials Testing Office for the Building Industry - TUM Engineering Faculty Building Geo Environment . Website of the engineering faculty. Retrieved March 23, 2015.