Hurricane Kenna (2002)
| Category 5 hurricane ( SSHWS ) | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
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| Emergence | October 22nd | |
| resolution | October 26th | |
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Peak wind speed |
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| Lowest air pressure | 913 mbar ( hPa ; 27 inHg ) | |
| dead | 4 direct | |
| Property damage | $ 101 million (2002) | |
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Affected areas |
Western Mexico , Southern United States |
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| Season overview: 2002 Pacific hurricane season |
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Hurricane Kenna was the third largest hurricane on record in the Pacific to hit the coast of Mexico . Kenna was the sixteenth tropical low, thirteenth tropical storm, seventh hurricane, sixth major hurricane, and third category 5 hurricane in the 2002 Pacific hurricane season . After a tropical wave formed south of Mexico on October 22nd, the weather observers constantly predicted a weaker development for the storm than actually occurred. The system migrated to an area with high surface water temperatures that favored the formation of tropical cyclones , and Kenna quickly gained sufficient strength to reach peak wind speeds of 265 km / h (on October 25, 2002) when it was about 410 km located southwest of Puerto Vallarta . The low changed direction to the northeast, weakening in the process; the hurricane reached the mainland near San Blas with top wind speeds of 225 km / h, before the low dissolved on October 26, 2002 over the mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental .
The name "Kenna" was removed from the list of names for Pacific cyclones due to the impact in Mexico , causing $ 101 million in damage (in 2002 prices, 113 million in 2006 prices) and four deaths. The worst of the hurricane hit the area between San Blas in Nayarit and Puerto Vallarta in Jalisco , where more than 100 were injured and thousands of homes and businesses were damaged or destroyed. In San Blas, 95% of all buildings were damaged and hundreds of buildings were destroyed along the coastline in Puerto Vallarta.
Course of the storm
The origins of Hurricane Kenna can be traced back to a tropical wave that migrated westward through the Caribbean Sea on October 16, possibly identical to the wave that passed Barbados two days earlier . The wave hit the eastern Pacific on October 19 and the tropical disturbance along the migratory axis gradually organized itself better. The conditions facilitated further development and Dvorak observations were started at the end of the day on October 20th. At the beginning of October 22nd, the system became the fourteenth tropical depression of the season, about 600 km south of Manzanillo , Colima . Initially, the low was disorganized with a small internal convective structure and sporadic deep convection. The computer modeling showed the wind shear amplified within 60 hours, and the National Hurricane Center predicted the depression would intensify to a peak of 70 km / h before it eased.
The low quickly organized itself better, especially with a strengthening of the convection in its center, and six hours after it was formed it strengthened into tropical storm Kenna. The air currents at height and the gusts of wind also contributed to its reinforcement. With water temperatures in excess of 29 ° C and refreshed model calculations assuming slight vertical wind shear , observers predicted that Kenna would slowly get stronger and reach winds of 135 km / h within 72 hours from October 22nd. The storm moved in a west-north-westerly direction on the edge of a high pressure area at medium altitude and initially did not create any further reinforcement, as much of its convection was connected to the gusts on its outer edge. On October 23, the external gusts dissolved and the convection moved more into the center of the system, which coincided with a steady increase in its intensity. On the evening of October 23rd, Kenna turned into a hurricane. Kenna was about 615 km southwest of Manzanillo at the time.
Shortly after Kenna became a hurricane, a rapid intensification began and an eye 17 miles in diameter began to form in its well-formed center. On early October 24th, Kenna became a severe hurricane that doubled its wind speeds from 115 km / h to 235 km / h within 24 hours. After turning north and northeast from a meteorological trough at medium and high altitudes, Kenna reached wind speed peaks of 265 km / h on the morning of October 25 - the center of the hurricane at that time was about 410 km southwest of Puerto Vallarta - and thus became the third category 5 hurricane of the 2002 Pacific hurricane season. A reconnaissance aircraft made its way to the center of the hurricane when it was near the time of its greatest intensity and an air pressure of 918 hPa was measured, the second lowest Value ever measured in the Pacific Basin. Shortly after reaching the apex of the intensity, wind shear of an approaching gully weakened the hurricane and just six hours later the wind speeds had dropped to 150 mph and the eye had almost vanished. Despite an increase in air pressure of 27 hPa within twelve hours, the convection activity intensified before Kenna hit the mainland. On October 25, Hurricane Kenna hit the coast near San Blas in the Mexican state of Nayarit with winds of up to 225 km / h. The hurricane weakened rapidly over the mountains of western Mexico, and the vortex disappeared over the mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental on October 26th . The remnants of the system continued northeast into the Gulf of Mexico and the southeastern United States .
Preparations
About 27 hours from the expected arrival on the mainland, the Mexican authorities issued a hurricane warning for the coast between Mazatlán and Cabo Corrientes , along with a warning for a tropical storm as far as Manzanillo . Six hours later, after the probable storm path could be better calculated, a hurricane warning and a tropical storm warning as far as Manzanillo were announced for the section from Mazatlán to La Fortuna .
About 8,800 of the 9,000 residents in the region where Kenna met the coast have been brought to safety. This contributed to the fact that the number of victims remained low. A total of 50,000 residents and fishermen along the southwest coast of Mexico were affected by the officially ordered evacuation of the region, including 3,000 residents of Islas Marías , 10,000 near Mazatlán and 15,000 others in flood-threatened areas. The civil authorities closed all schools and ports in the potentially vulnerable areas. The Mexican Red Cross prepared for the storm by bringing 215 tons of relief supplies including food, water, clothing and medicine to its facilities in Jalisco . Support was also given to the delivery of 10 tons of food and water from Yucatán . The Mexican Red Cross prepared twenty emergency shelters in Nayarit state. The authorities also took security measures in Los Cabos , Baja California Sur , where delegates from the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation were meeting at the time in question. Early predictions had indicated a possible threat to the conference venue, so the government took action to postpone the meeting. The authorities recommended shipping to stay in port due to the severe weather conditions.
Effects
There are fewer surface observations of the hurricane's passage. Before reaching the mainland, Kenna was accompanied by a storm surge with a water level of about 4.9 m above normal in San Blas. The tide also hit Puerto Vallarta , where three-meter waves lapped inland. The hurricane dumped about 35 mm of precipitation in the form of rain as it passed about 95 km east of the Islas Marías archipelago. There the steady winds reached an estimated speed of 170 km / h. On land, Kenna brought heavy rain with peaks of 480mm in San Ignacio , Sinaloa and 327mm near Manzanillo , Colima . The highest value for steady winds was observed at Tepic , Nayarit at around 160 km / h , while in Puerto Vallarta gusts reached 80 km / h. The hurricane also caused heavy rains in Guerrero , Michoacán , Colima , and Jalisco, and hit Baja California Sur with strong winds and rough seas.
In San Blas the strong hurricane winds destroyed or damaged 95% of the houses, 1,540 houses were damaged and 8,800 residents were affected. Larger commercial shrimp fishing boats were washed inland nearly three hundred yards from the harbor. An elderly woman was killed when a wall of her home collapsed over her. Large parts of the city were covered with rubble and layers of sand washed up by the ocean. In Santiago Escuintla, flying objects killed one person and two elderly men drowned while apparently trying to escape their homes during the storm. In Santiago Ixcuintla , hurricane destroyed 3770 houses and across Nayarit the storm covered the roofs of hundreds of buildings. Communication links with at least 30 Indian villages were lost during the hurricane. Kenna destroyed the entire harvest of bananas, tobacco and tomatoes in the agricultural regions around San Blas, Tecuala and Acaponeta , leaving more than 700 farmers and their families without income and dependent on aid supplies of water and food.
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In Puerto Vallarta , about 165 km southeast of where the storm hit the mainland, the storm surge caused damage estimated at US $ 5 million (US $ 5 million in 2002, US $ 5.6 million in 2006), mainly to hotels. The tide swept through hotels and other buildings on the seashore and reached up to 100 m inland. Waist-high water washed away cars and vans. The passage of the hurricane destroyed around 150 shops near the shore and three hotels were completely devastated. The damage to the city's port was minor.
The hurricane injured at least 52 people in Puerto Vallarta and dozens more in San Blas, two of whom were hit by fragments of glass and other debris flying around. Ten parishes were badly affected; total insured property damage in Mexico has been calculated at $ 96 million ($ 2002 $ 108 million, 2006 $). The rains that accompanied the hurricane affected all of northern Mexico, causing flash floods and mudslides.
The foothills of Hurricane Kenna reached as far as the south-central United States, where extensive rainfall occurred in various locations.
Results
| Surname | season |
|---|---|
| Patsy | 1959 |
| "Mexico" | 1959 |
| Ava | 1973 |
| Emilia | 1994 |
| Gilma | 1994 |
| John | 1994 |
| Guillermo | 1997 |
| Linda | 1997 |
| Elida | 2002 |
| Hernan | 2002 |
| Kenna | 2002 |
| Ioke | 2006 |
| Rick | 2009 |
| Celia | 2010 |
| Patricia | 2015 |
In April 2003 , the World Meteorological Organization replaced Kenna on the list of names for the 2008 Pacific Hurricane season with Karina. Kenna is currently the last of only seven hurricanes in the Pacific Basin to have its name discarded.
The Mexican government declared the Nayarit region, which was ravaged by Kenna, a disaster area, thus making it possible to use money from emergency funds. Immediately after the hurricane broke through, the Mexican Red Cross dispatched 180 workers and volunteers from seven states to distribute 125 tons of food, medicine and clothing in the hardest hit areas. The Mexican government sent units of the Mexican army to the area to remove fallen trees and to provide water treatment to the affected population. The Navy was marched in support of medical personnel in the San Blas area and the Mexican Department of Family Development assisted the Red Cross with food supplies.
Debris and sand were gradually removed from San Blas by excavators and trucks. In Puerta Vallarta, dozens of business owners, community workers and volunteers worked together to remove the rubble left by the storm. Most hotels, restaurants, and shops reopened within about two months of the hurricane.
Hurricane Kenna is currently the third strongest Pacific hurricane to hit mainland Mexico. The two stronger hurricanes were Hurricane Madeline in 1976 and 1959, an unnamed storm in 1959 . Kenna is the second-strongest storm in the Eastern Pacific, and is the third-strongest Pacific hurricane on record after Hurricane Linda in 1997 and Hurricane Rick in 2009.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o James L. Franklin: Hurricane Kenna Tropical Cyclone Report . National Hurricane Center. 2002. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
- ↑ Lawrence: Tropical Depression Fourteen-E Discussion One . National Hurricane Center. 2002. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
- ↑ Stewart: Tropical Storm Kenna Discussion Two . NHC. 2002. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
- Jump up ↑ Beven: Hurricane Kenna Discussion Nine . NHC. 2002. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence and Michelle M. Mainelli: Hurricane Juliette Tropical Cyclone Report . NHC. 2001. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
- ↑ a b National Hurricane Center: Eastern Pacific hurricane best track analysis 1949-2014 ( English ) United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic & Atmospheric Research. October 15, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
- ^ A b German press agency: Mexico's Pacific coast bracing for Hurricane Kenna . 2002. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ↑ Mason Booth: Hurricane Kenna Approaches Mexico . Red Cross. 2002. Archived from the original on December 5, 2006. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
- ↑ Santiago Gil & John Horekens: Hurricane Kenna Information Bulletin (PDF) Mexican Red Cross. 2002. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ^ A b German press agency: Hurricane Kenna strengthens, soaking Mexico's coast . 2002. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ^ David Roth: Rainfall Summary for Hurricane Kenna . Hydrometeorological Prediction Center . Archived from the original on June 16, 2008. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
- ^ National Climatic Data Center: Tropical Cyclones of 2002 . 2002. Archived from the original on February 21, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ↑ a b c d e International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies: Mexico: Hurricane Kenna Information Bulletin No. 02/02 . 2002. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ↑ a b c d Mason Booth: Hurricane Kenna roars into Mexico . Disasterrelief.org. 2002. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ↑ a b Fernando Nuño: Mexican subsistence farmers worst hit by hurricane Kenna . International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. 2002. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ^ German press agency: Kenna makes landfall, pounds Mexico's coast . 2002. Archived from the original on August 9, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ↑ a b c Agence French-Presse: Puerto Vallarta begins to rebuild following storm Kenna . 2002. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ↑ Xinhua News Agency: Hurricane Kenna leaves three dead, scores injured in Mexico . 2002. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ↑ Guy Carpenter: 2002 Tropical Cyclone Review . 2003. Archived from the original on May 16, 2014. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ^ World Meteorological Organization: Final Report of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season . 2003. Archived from the original on October 29, 2005. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2007.
- ^ Brenda Retzlaff: Hurricane Olaf is Now a Tropical Storm . Vallarta Online. 2003. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2007.
- ^ Lixion A. Avila: Hurricane Rick Public Advisory Eleven ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 17, 2009. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
Web links
- Creation of a hurricane Source n-tv (German) ( page no longer available )
- Tropical Cyclone Report - Hurricane Kenna (English) ( page no longer available )
- HPC rainfall report for Kenna (English) ( Page no longer available )