Hurricane Patricia

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Hurricane Patricia
Category 5 hurricane ( SSHWS )
Hurricane Patricia peaked on October 23 as it approached southwestern Mexico
Hurricane Patricia peaked on October 23 as it approached southwestern Mexico
Emergence 20th October 2015
resolution October 24, 2015
Peak wind
speed
345  km / h (215  mph ) (sustained for 1 minute)
Lowest air pressure 872  hPa ( mbar )
dead 8 direct, 5 indirect
Property damage $ 407.4 million (2015)
Affected
areas 		Mexico , Guatemala , El Salvador , Nicaragua
Season overview:
2015 Pacific hurricane season

The hurricane Patricia in October 2015, the strongest Pacific hurricane , which has been recorded.

After the Mexico hurricane in 1959, it is the second category 5 Pacific cyclone to reach mainland Mexico with this intensity. With a lowest air pressure of 872 hPa, Patricia is the strongest tropical cyclone that has been observed in the Pacific Ocean east of the date line since reliable observations began and also the strongest hurricane recorded by the National Hurricane Center . Thus, Hurricane Patricia was stronger than Hurricane Linda , with a central air pressure of 905 hPa, the previous record holder in the eastern Pacific, and Hurricane Wilma , with a central air pressure of 882 hPa, the strongest hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean to date .

Over the Pacific, Patricia reached one-minute wind speeds of 345 km / h, in gusts the storm reached up to 400 km / h. The cyclone's eye was nine kilometers in diameter. The landfall was accompanied by a slight weakening.

As a tropical depression , Patricia brought heavy rain to Guatemala, Nicaragua and El Salvador; a total of six people died in the three states. In Mexico, one person died during the evacuation.

Hurricane Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale struck on October 23, 2015 around 23:15  UTC in the municipalities of La Huerta and Cihuatlán in the state of Jalisco on the Mexican mainland. A state of emergency has been declared for the states of Colima , Nayarit and Jalisco.

course

The emerging low pressure system on October 17th over Central America

On October 14, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began observing a possible tropical cyclogenesis over the easternmost part of the Pacific Ocean , not far from the Gulf of Tehuantepec , as the formation of a low pressure area was expected. The system consolidated on October 17 under the influence of a large area of ​​atmospheric convection precipitation and thunderstorms that extended several hundred kilometers west of Central America across open water. The conditions for the development of the system were favorable, the low continued to organize itself, and the convection was more concentrated around its center.

Interaction with a Tehuano wind event on October 18 delayed the tropical disorder's development into a tropical depression. Controlled by a meteorological ridge over the Gulf of Mexico, the system drifted west-southwest and consolidated further on October 20. At 3:00 p.m.  UTC the convection had increased to such an extent that it was declared Tropical Depression Twenty-E . At this point the system was 715 km east-southeast of Acapulco .

Recording of air pressure (blue), wind speed (red) and draft (purple) of the developing storm area Patricia

The combination of extraordinary atmospheric conditions - low wind shear , water surface temperatures of more than 30 ° C and high humidity - favored a rapid intensification. The system was therefore able to intensify into a tropical storm, at 03:00 UTC the storm name Patricia was assigned. For reasons as yet unknown, the system seemed to partially dissolve during the day: rain bands disappeared and the circulation near the ground was poorly defined. This phase was short-lived, however, with convection blooming late on October 21st and a central dense overcast forming over the center of the storm . Early on October 22nd one eye could be seen. The system reached hurricane strength at 09:00 UTC and now formed a clearly recognizable discharge and well-defined band structures. The intensification continued rapidly. Data collected from the Hurricane Hunters while investigating Patricia indicated that Patricia entered Category 4 on the SSHS at 6:00 p.m. UTC.

Hurricane Patricia on October 23 with an eye in a photo from the International Space Station

In the morning hours of October 23, the hurricane was surrounded by a ring of clouds with a cloud cover with temperatures of −90 ° C. This and the 17 km diameter eye signaled the intensification of the hurricane into Category 5. Based on the satellite analyzes, it was estimated that Patricia achieved maximum one-minute wind speeds of 260 km / h and an air pressure of 924 hPa. In a span of 24 hours, Patrica's wind speeds increased by 155 km / h. This rate of intensification is greater than any other hurricane recorded in the Pacific Ocean since satellite observations began - only Hurricane Linda intensified in a similar manner in 1997. At around 05:30 UTC, during a reconnaissance flight into the hurricane, a wind speed of 332 km / h was measured at flight altitude. With these measurement data, the speed on the surface was estimated at 295 km / h, with a central air pressure of 892 mbar. This made Patricia the most intense hurricane in the eastern Pacific in terms of air pressure and, together with Hurricane Linda, also reached the highest wind force.

Track of Hurricane Patricia - markings at 6-hour intervals, color coding of the SSHWS category according to wind speed

Patricia continued to deepen while the scouting flight continued. The last observations made before the hurricane hunters left the hurricane indicated that the hurricane had become the strongest tropical cyclone in the western hemisphere. Patricia achieved continuous one-minute wind speeds of 325 km / h and an air pressure of 879 mbar. The previous record was 882 hPa and was set by Hurricane Wilma in the Atlantic Ocean in 2005 . At the altitude of the reconnaissance flight, the wind speed was 356 km / h. The continuous wind speeds reached values ​​that are among the highest wind speeds ever reliably determined on earth. They also exceeded the values ​​determined for Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 , which are based on satellite observations (due to different determination methods it is unclear which actually represent the highest).

Patricia on landfall on October 23rd (satellite images in the visible and infrared range, false color display)

The storm maintained its wind speeds of 325 km / h for several hours before the eye filled with clouds and weakened late on October 23rd. This continued as Patricia got closer to the Mexican coast. 23:15 UTC on 23 October, the landfall of Hurricane took place around La Huerta and Cihuatlán in the state of Jalisco h with winds of 265 km / what Patricia made it the first hurricane since the 1959 Mexico Hurricane in this Category is taken on the Mexican Pacific coast. However, the status of the unnamed hurricane of 1959 is controversial, and it may have been weaker than it was rated after the SSHS was introduced.

On October 24, the hurricane crossed the Sierra Madre del Sur and weakened very quickly; the eye of the hurricane disappeared from satellite images within hours of the hurricane sweeping across the land. Patricia's migration accelerated inland as the storm was wedged between a trough over northwest Mexico and the ridge over the Gulf of Mexico. The convection lost its organization rapidly and the circulation near the ground and at medium to high altitude broke away from the center of the convection. On October 24th at 3:00 p.m. UTC Patricia was downgraded to a tropical depression because there was little convection left.

Preparations

The tourists in the coastal areas were evacuated by bus. In the states of Michoacán , Colima , Jalisco and Nayarit , a total of 1782 emergency shelters were set up on October 22, in which up to 258,000 people can be accommodated. Authorities in Manzanillo began distributing sandbags the same day and a day later, schooling in Jalisco state was suspended.

Pacific Category 5 hurricanes
Surname season
Patsy 1959
"Mexico" 1959
Ava 1973
Emilia 1994
Gilma 1994
John 1994
Guillermo 1997
Linda 1997
Elida 2002
Hernan 2002
Kenna 2002
Ioke 2006
Rick 2009
Celia 2010
Patricia 2015

Effects

Central America

Heavy rains generated by the precursor system to Patricia caused widespread flooding and landslides in Central America . One person was killed in the Alta Verapaz department and around 2,100 people had to be brought to safety in Guatemala . A total of 442 houses and 28,200  hectares of arable land were damaged; around 223,000 people were affected by floods. The state authorities dispatched relief workers to the affected region and provided 40 million quetzals (approximately US $ 5.4 million ) in emergency aid . In the neighboring state of El Salvador , between 160 and 185 mm of rain fell, causing flooding on a similar scale. Dozens of homes were damaged and four people were killed by the effects of the storm. The Río Goascorán flooded its banks twice within two days and flooded the neighboring communities. Due to the floods, the authorities suspended school classes across the country on October 19. In Nicaragua, a landslide buried four miners in Bonanza ; one of them was killed, the other three saved. The Río Ulúa in Honduras flooded its banks for the first time in 17 years on October 18, requiring the evacuation of 200 people. About 10 houses in Jacó , Costa Rica were also damaged by floods .

Mexico

In southwestern Mexico, when the storm passed off the coast, large areas of the states of Chiapas and Guerrero were inundated by prolonged rainfall , which triggered evacuation measures. The hurricane created high waves on the Guerrero coast, damaging structures on the coast. After the hurricane changed direction and moved towards the coast, it reached the bays of Tenacatita, Cuestecomate and Navidad in on October 23 at 6:15 p.m. local time (11:15 p.m. UTC) with a wind speed of 265 km / h the municipalities of La Huerta and Cihuatlán in the state of Jalisco over land.

An automatic weather station of the NOAA / NWS in Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve , their location 90 m above sea level, recorded the highest one-minute 298 km / h and km as the strongest gust 340 / h. These measurements have not yet been checked and are therefore still unofficial.

Southern United States

The Patricia foothills carried large amounts of moisture to the southern United States. This caused widespread continuous rain, heavy rain and flooding in Colorado , New Mexico , Texas , Louisiana , Mississippi and Alabama . In Dallas, a freight train derailed after the tracks were washed away.

Future naming

At the end of April 2016, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) announced that due to the severe effects of the hurricane in 2015, the name Patricia would be removed from the list of suggestions for tropical cyclones and will no longer be used in the future. Instead, Pamela is to appear under P in the 2021 season as a suggested name for a hurricane in the eastern North Pacific. As a rule, storm names are re-assigned by the WMO after a 6-year cycle. Patricia was the 13th name to be withdrawn from those nomination lists pertaining to the Northeast Pacific; with regard to the Atlantic, there were already 80 such storm names in 2016.

See also

Web links

Commons : Hurricane Patricia  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jeff Masters: Category 5 Hurricane Patricia Hitting Mexico's Pacific Coast ( English ) Weather Underground. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  2. ↑ Todd B. Kimberlain, Eric S. Blake and John P. Cangialosi: Hurricane Patricia Tropical Cyclone Report ( English , PDF) National Hurricane Center . February 1, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  3. ↑ Landfall and diameter
  4. ↑ a b c Patricia tocó tierra en costa de Jalisco ( Spanish ) CONAGUA. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  5. ↑ Press report, Tagesspiegel accessed on October 24, 2015
  6. ^ Daniel P. Brown: Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 14, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  7. ^ Todd L. Kimberlain: Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 17, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  8. ^ Todd L. Kimberlain: Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 18, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  9. ^ Robbie J. Berg: Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 18, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  10. ^ Todd L. Kimberlain: Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 19, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  11. ^ Dave Roberts: Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 19, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  12. ^ A b Todd L. Kimberlain: Tropical Depression Twenty-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 20, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  13. ↑ Todd L. Kimberlain: Tropical Depression Twenty-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 20, 2015. Accessed October 22, 2015.
  14. ^ Jack L. Beven: Tropical Depression Twenty-E Discussion Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 20, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  15. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Tropical Storm Patricia Discussion Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 21, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  16. ^ Richard J. Pasch: Tropical Storm Patricia Discussion Number 4 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 21, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  17. ↑ Jack L. Beven: Tropical Storm Patricia Discussion Number 5 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 21, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  18. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Tropical Storm Patricia Discussion Number 7 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 22, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  19. ^ Richard J. Pasch: Hurricane Patricia Discussion Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 22, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  20. ↑ Michael J. Brennan: Hurricane Patricia Special Discussion Number 10 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 22, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  21. ↑ Michael J. Brennan: Hurricane Patricia Discussion Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 22, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  22. ^ A b Eric S. Blake: Hurricane Patricia Discussion Number 12 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 23, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  23. ^ Richard J. Pasch: Hurricane Patricia Special Discussion Number 13 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 23, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  24. ^ Richard J. Pasch: Hurricane Patricia Discussion Number 14 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 23, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  25. ^ Richard J. Pasch, Eric S. Blake, Hugh D. Cobb III, and David P. Roberts: Hurricane Wilma Tropical Cyclone Report ( English , PDF) National Hurricane Center. September 9, 2014. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  26. ↑ Dennis Mersereau: At 200 MPH, Hurricane Patricia Is Now the Strongest Tropical Cyclone Ever Recorded (English) . In: The Vane , Gawker Media , October 23, 2015.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / thevane.gawker.com  
  27. ↑ Jack L. Beven: Hurricane Patricia Discussion Number 16 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 23, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  28. ↑ Eric S. Blake and Stacy R. Stewart: Hurricane Patricia Tropical Cyclone Update ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 23, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015.
  29. ↑ National Hurricane Center: Eastern Pacific hurricane best track analysis 1949-2014 ( English ) United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic & Atmospheric Research. October 15, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  30. ↑ Josh Morgerman: Great Mexico Hurricane of 1959: Reanalyzing a Monster ( English ) iCyclone. October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  31. ↑ a b Eric S. Blake and Stacy R. Stewart: Hurricane Patricia Discussion Number 17 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 24, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  32. ↑ John P. Cangialosi and Stacy R. Stewart, Hurricane Patricia Discussion Number 18 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 24, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  33. ↑ a b Jack L. Beven: Tropical Depression Patricia Discussion Number 19 ( English ) National Hurricane Center . October 24, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  34. ^ Carlos Guerrero: Huracán 'Patricia' provocará en tres estados la lluvia de todo un año (Spanish) , Noticieros Televisa . October 22, 2015. Accessed October 24, 2015. 
  35. ↑ Huracán Patricia de categoría 4 se acerca a costas de México (Spanish) . In: El Nuevo Herald , The McClatchy Company , October 22, 2015. Archived from the original on October 24, 2015 Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 24, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.elnuevoherald.com 
  36. ↑ Activan operativo de emergencia en Jalisco por Patricia '; suspenden clases (Spanish) , Noticieros Televisa . October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015. 
  37. ↑ a b Paolina Albani: Evacuan a 2,100 por el temporal estacionario (Spanish) . In: Siglo21 , Corporación de Noticias, October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015. 
  38. ↑ Un muerto y damnificados por inundaciones en Guatemala (Spanish) . In: La Tribuna , October 18, 2015. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015 Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 24, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.latribuna.hn 
  39. ↑ a b J. Lopez and F. Rodriquez: Lluvias han afectado a 223 mil guatemaltecos (Spanish) . In: el Periódico , October 20, 2015. Archived from the original on November 24, 2015 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 22, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / elperiodico.com.gt 
  40. ↑ Patricia Gómez: Temporal afectó 28.2 mil hectáreas en Santa Rosa (Spanish) . In: Siglo21 , Corporación de Noticias, October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015. 
  41. ↑ a b c Carlos Segovia, Insy Mendoza and Susana Joma: Un muerto, inundaciones y desbordamiento de ríos por lluvias en el oriente (Spanish) , El Diario de Hoy. October 17, 2015. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015 Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 25, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.elsalvador.com 
  42. ↑ a b Cuatro muertos, daños y suspensión de clases a causa de las lluvias (Spanish) , El Diario de Hoy. October 18, 2015. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015 Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 24, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.elsalvador.com 
  43. ^ Merman lluvias en la región, pero autoridades mantendrán las alertas (Spanish) . In: El Heraldo , October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015. 
  44. ↑ Más de 200 familias evacuadas por inundaciones (Spanish) . In: La Tribuna , October 19, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015. 
  45. ↑ Se desborda el río Ulúa en el occidente y norte de Honduras (Spanish) , La Prensa. October 17, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015. 
  46. ↑ Hufo Solano: Barriadas de Jacó sufrieron grandes pérdidas por inundaciones (Spanish) , La Nación. October 19, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015. 
  47. ↑ Fredy Martín Pérez: Se inundan 12 colonias por 'Patricia' en Chiapas (Spanish) . In: El Universal , October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015. 
  48. ↑ 'Patricia' deja primeros daños en el País (Spanish) , Frontera. October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015. 
  49. ↑ 'Extraordinarily Dangerous' Category 5 Hurricane Patricia Makes Landfall in Mexico (English) . In: NBC News , October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015. 
  50. ^ Record storm. Hurricane “Patricia” is also raging in the southern United States. At: Welt.de.
  51. ^ World Meteorological Organization retires storm names Erika, Joaquin and Patricia . NOOA press release . dated April 25, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2019.