2008 Pacific hurricane season

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2008 Pacific hurricane season
All the storms of the season
All the storms of the season
Formation of the
first storm
May 29th
Dissolution of the
last storm
November 4th
Strongest storm Norbert - 945  hPa  ( mbar ), 115  kn  (215  km / h ) - East Pacific
Kika - 1007  hPa  ( mbar ), 35  kn  (65  km / h ) - Central Pacific
Tropical lows 19th
Storms 17th
Hurricanes 7th
Severe hurricanes ( Cat. 3+ ) 2
Total number of victims 15 direct, 8 indirect
Total damage $ 767.1 million   (2008)
Pacific hurricane seasons
2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010

The 2008 Pacific hurricane season officially began on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific and June 1 in the Central Pacific; it ended on November 30th. It is during this period that most tropical storms form , as suitable conditions exist only at this time, such as warm ocean , moist air, and little wind shear , to allow tropical cyclones to form. All storms that form north of the equator and east of 180 ° W belong to this basin. Storms that form further west are no longer called hurricanes , but typhoons .

Although the Pacific Hurricane Basin is the second most active basin in the world after the Western Pacific, most storms do not threaten a country, as they mostly steer out into the open ocean . Only a few storms make a curve to the east or northeast and then threaten the Mexican coast in particular .

For storms in the Atlantic Ocean, see the article: 2008 Atlantic hurricane season .

Season forecast

Tropical cyclone activity predictions
for the 2008 season in the Eastern Pacific
source date
Storms
Number of
hurricanes

Cat. 3+
NOAA average 15.3 8.8 4.2
NOAA May 22, 2008 11-16 5-8 1-3
Strongest activity 27 16 9
Lowest activity 8th 4th 0
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Actual activity 17th 7th 2

On May 22, 2008, NOAA announced its seasonal forecast for the hurricane season in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean. Accordingly, a below-average season was expected in the Eastern Pacific with 11 to 16 named storms, of which 5 to 8 hurricanes, of which one to three should reach the status of a major hurricane.

A slightly below average season was also expected for the central Pacific. Accordingly, three to four tropical cyclones should cross the area between 140th and 180th degree west or form there.

Storms

Tropical storm Alma

Tropical storm
Alma 29 May 2008.jpg Alma 2008 track.png
Duration May 29th - May 30th
intensity 55 kn (100 km / h ) (1 minute) , 994 hPa
Main article: Tropical storm Alma

On May 27, a low pressure area formed southwest of Nicaragua, which intensified and developed tropical characteristics. At 3:00 a.m. UTC on May 29, the National Hurricane Center in Miami , Florida declared the system Tropical Depression One-E. After the area initially bobbed in an easterly direction, the NHC decided on a northern track because of a high pressure ridge in the southern Gulf of Mexico . After the cloud patterns on the satellite images had better formed, the NHC upgraded the system to the first named tropical cyclone of the Pacific hurricane season at 3:00 p.m. UTC.

At around 2 p.m. local time ( PDT - 9 p.m. UTC), Alma reached the mainland near León in the northern section of the Pacific coast of Nicaragua in the phase of its greatest intensity with a wind speed of 100 km / h . Alma caused floods in Nicaragua and Costa Rica. By the morning of May 30 local time, Alma weakened and completely dissolved over the mountains of Honduras .

The storm killed a total of nine people, seven of them indirectly, the two direct victims lost their lives in León. In León the electricity and telephone supply failed. Around 700 houses were affected and 4,000 people were temporarily evacuated. The remaining low reached the Gulf of Honduras , where it contributed to the development of Tropical Storm Arthur .

Hurricane Boris

Category 1 hurricane
Hurricane Boris 2008 July 1st.jpg Boris 2008 track.png
Duration June 27th - July 4th
intensity 70 kn (130 km / h ) (1 minute) , 985 hPa

At the end of June, a low pressure zone formed southwest of Central America . On June 27 at 2:00 a.m. PDT (9:00 a.m. UTC ) the convection over the warm water south of Baja California had developed so much that the NHC classified the system as a tropical depression. The tropical low pressure area could then quickly intensify into a tropical storm in an area with warm water temperatures and low wind shear . After holding this intensity for 48 hours, the storm began to build an eye- catcher and intensified into a strong tropical storm on June 29th . and on July 1st Boris reached the strength of a hurricane, which reached its greatest strength with winds of 130 km / h. Shortly afterwards, Boris came across cooler water and weakened. A day later, the NHC found that Boris had dissolved into a residual low.

Tropical storm Cristina

Tropical storm
Cristina 28 jun 2008 2130Z.jpg Cristina 2008 track.png
Duration June 27th - June 30th
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 999 hPa

Just a few hours after Boris, the National Hurricane Center classified a few hundred kilometers further west on the open ocean as the third tropical depression of the season. The system strengthened the next day into Tropical Storm Cristina. This remained weak on its westward course and weakened due to increased wind shear on June 30 to the low pressure area and dissolved the following day.

Tropical Storm Douglas

Tropical storm
Douglas 02 jul 2008 2105Z.jpg Douglas 2008 track.png
Duration July 1st - July 3rd
intensity 35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1003 hPa

On July 2, the Tropical Low Pressure Area Vier-E formed southeast of the southern tip of Lower California and was quickly upgraded to Tropical Storm Douglas. The system originated in a tropical wave that broke off the coast of West Africa on June 19 and moved across the Atlantic Ocean. On June 27, the wave crossed Central America and entered the Pacific hurricane basin. At the time of the upgrade to a tropical storm, Douglas reached its greatest strength with wind speeds of 65 km and a minimum central air pressure of 1003 mbar (hPa).

On July 3rd, the Douglas faced wind shear and cooler water, which prevented further intensification. Douglas was then downgraded to the tropical depression, as the convection broke away from the circulation. On July 4th (UTC) the system no longer showed any tropical characteristics. The residual low continued to weaken and disappeared completely on July 6th.

Because of its proximity to the mainland, Douglas' outer rain bands generated gusts of wind at Manzanillo . Less flood damage was recorded on the coastline of the states of Colima , Jalisco and Nayarit .

Tropical Depression Five-E

Tropical depression
05-E 06 jul 2008.jpg Five-E 2008 track.png
Duration July 5th - July 7th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1005 hPa

On July 5th, a tropical wave developed into a tropical depression about 275 km south-southwest of Acapulco . The system migrated to the northwest. It reached Lázaro Cárdenas on July 7th without any significant intensification and quickly dissolved. The system did not cause any significant damage.

Hurricane Elida

Category 2 hurricane
Elida 2008-07-16 1810 UTC.jpg Elida 2008 track.png
Duration July 12th - July 19th
intensity 90 kn (165 km / h ) (1 minute) , 970 hPa

Late on July 11, the NHC declared a low pressure area a few hundred kilometers south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec to be tropical due to its sufficient convection. The system rapidly strengthened into Tropical Storm Elida. Elida wandered west and intensified. On July 14th at 9:00 a.m. UTC , the NHC declared Elida a hurricane, which quickly intensified into a Category 2 hurricane after two days of relatively constant strength. On July 16, Elida reached its greatest strength with wind speeds of 165 km / h. The hurricane held this strength for about 36 hours and then weakened back into Category 1. On July 18, Elida weakened to a tropical storm and dissolved on July 19 without endangering land. A few days later the now tropical wave gained convection again, but as the system approached Hawaii the chances of re-intensification were lost.

ii

Hurricane Fausto

Category 1 hurricane
Fausto08.jpg Fausto 2008 track.png
Duration July 16 - July 22
intensity 80 kn (150 km / h ) (1 minute) , 977 hPa

On July 16, about 900 km southeast of Acapulco, the seventh tropical low pressure system of the season formed, which intensified on July 17 to the tropical storm Fausto and reached hurricane strength the next day. Fausto briefly reached Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale on July 20, southwest of Baja California, but then quickly lost its intensity and dissolved over cool water on July 22. The follow-up analysis found that the storm, however, peaked shortly before reaching Category 2.

Hurricane Genevieve

Category 1 hurricane
Genevieve 24 July 2008.jpg Genevieve 2008 track.png
Duration July 21st - July 27th
intensity 65 kn (120 km / h ) (1 minute) , 987 hPa

A brisk tropical wave swept across Central America in the third week of July after nearly developing into a tropical depression in the southwestern Caribbean . It reached the Pacific and developed south of Acapulco on July 21 to become the eighth tropical low pressure system of the year, which intensified in the afternoon into Tropical Storm Genevieve. As such, Genevieve moved westward far from the Mexican coast with variable intensity. On July 25, Genevieve intensified into a hurricane, which soon peaked and weakened. On July 27th, the hurricane had become a residual low.

Hurricane Hernan

Category 3 hurricane
Hernan 09 Aug 2008 1900Z.jpg Hernan 2008 track.png
Duration August 6th - August 13th
intensity 105 kn (195 km / h ) (1 minute) , 956 hPa

A tropical low pressure area far at sea southwest of the Mexican coast developed slowly and was classified by the NHC on August 6, approximately 1,300 km west of Cabo San Lucas . A high pressure area over Mexico forced the system on a northwest course at a forward speed of 25 km / h. During the day the low intensified to a tropical storm and on August 8 to a hurricane. Wind shear prevented Hernan, who was now moving more slowly in a west-northwest direction, from intensifying quickly over warm water. This was followed by a rapid intensification to a severe hurricane, which on August 9th reached category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale with a core air pressure of 956 hPa and wind speeds of 105 knots. Hernan stayed at this strength for twelve hours, then went through a cyclical new eyewall formation , during which it weakened into a Category 1 hurricane for a few hours and then reached Category 2. In the days that followed, the strength of the storm changed little . But the slow decline of the system had begun, and every few hours the NHC lowered the persistent wind speeds. Over cool waters, Hernan was downgraded to a tropical storm on August 12, which weakened to a tropical low. On August 13, Hernan disintegrated into a simple cloudscape.

Despite its intensity as the strongest hurricane of the 2008 Pacific hurricane season, Hernan did no damage because it stayed far from land. No personal injuries were reported in connection with the hurricane.

Tropical storm Kika

Tropical storm
Kika 10 aug 2008 2125Z.jpg Kika 2008 track.png
Duration August 6th - August 12th
intensity 35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1007 hPa

A weather disturbance southeast of Hawaii had developed to the point of being classified as Tropical Depression One-C by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center on August 6th . During the day the low intensified and reached the strength of a tropical storm. Kika is the Hawaiian variant of the name Keith. The storm was the first tropical cyclone to form in the Central Pacific Basin since Hurricane Ioke in 2006.

The storm maintained this intensity over the next few days. He was reverted to the tropical depression on August 8th. The morning of the next day, Kika re-intensified into a weak tropical storm and remained at this strength until August 11th. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center then downgraded Kika to a residual low and issued the final storm warning on August 12.

Tropical storm Iselle

Tropical storm
Iselle 14 August 2008.jpg Iselle 2008 track.png
Duration August 13th - August 16th
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 999 hPa

A fault southwest of the Mexican coast developed into a tropical depression on August 13, which during the day was classified as Tropical Storm Iselle. Without having endangered land, the storm broke up on August 16. The remaining low moved westward across the Pacific for a few days.

Tropical storm Julio

Tropical storm
Julio 24 August 2008 (2) .jpg Julio 2008 track.png
Duration August 23 - August 26
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 998 hPa

On August 23, the eleventh tropical depression of the year in the eastern Pacific formed southeast of the southern tip of Lower California. After a ship reported sufficient wind speeds, the NHC upgraded the system to Tropical Storm Julio. The storm center passed over La Paz , Baja California Sur away and in the interior of the peninsula Baja California northward. Although the storm center still reached the waters of the Baja California Gulf, the system had weakened enough to disintegrate on August 26th.

In Baja California, Julio caused thunderstorms with local heavy rain, cutting off about a dozen communities from the outside world. The impact killed two people and damaged several buildings. The moisture in the system resulted in widespread thunderstorms in Arizona . At one of them near Chandler the wind reached a speed of 120 km / h; ten single-engine aircraft at the Chandler city ​​airport and one hangar were badly damaged. In Gilbert, the rain led to the temporary flooding of Interstate 17 .

Tropical storm Karina

Tropical storm
Karina 2 September 2008 1815Z.jpg Karina 2008 track.png
Duration September 2nd - September 3rd
intensity 35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1000 hPa

At the end of August, a disturbance moved through the eastern Pacific. On September 2, the NHC declared the system east of the Socorro Islands to be Tropical Storm Karina. Karina was short-lived and broke up the very next day. The top wind speed of this system was 65 km / h.

Tropical storm Lowell

Tropical storm
Lowell 9 September 2008 1830Z.jpg Lowell 2008 track.png
Duration September 6th - September 11th
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 998 hPa

In a monsoon-like trough in the southwest of the coast of Mexico, a weak low-pressure area developed with moderate, isolated convection. However, it was initially unable to develop and was not mentioned in the next tropical weather forecast. On September 6, a new low had formed on the western edge of the trough, which was poorly defined, but the global forecasting models assumed a cyclone would form within two days. An extensive thunderstorm system reached wind speeds of 35 knots southwest of Manzanillo on the night of September 6 , so that the NHC directly classified the system as Tropical Storm Lowell, without it being previously classified as a tropical depression.

Lowell developed slowly, reaching wind speeds of 60 km / h. For the southern tip of Lower California, an advance warning of a tropical storm was triggered because the system was moving north. However, it weakened to a tropical depression on September 9th. Flash floods in the Mexican states of Michoacán , Sonora and Sinaloa left more than 26,500 homeless, but no personal injuries were reported as a result of the tropical storm. After the landfall, the low pressure area dissolved on September 11th.

The residual low swept across the United States and combined with a cold front and the residual low from Hurricane Ike . In the upper Midwest, the resulting rains, particularly in Illinois, led to severe flooding and damage before the system moved into Canada. Precipitation resulted in the highest recorded flood levels in Chicago since hydrological records began in 1871.

Hurricane Marie

Category 1 hurricane
Marie 3 oct 2008 1908Z.jpg Marie 2008 track.png
Duration October 1st - October 6th
intensity 70 kn (130 km / h ) (1 minute) , 984 hPa

Marie had its origin in a tropical wave that broke away from the west coast of Africa on September 6 and moved quickly westward without developing much. On September 24th, the wave had crossed Central America and some faint convection bands were developing over the Pacific Ocean. However, the system showed no signs of closed circulation until September 28th. At the time, the system was about 450 km south of Manzanillo.

The fourteenth tropical system of the season formed on October 1 from an extensive low pressure zone southwest of Baja California. It developed rapidly and was classified as Tropical Storm Marie during the day. With a more or less westward course, the forward speed decreased and the intensity increased into a hurricane on October 3rd. After tropical activity in the eastern Pacific was unusually low in late August and September, Marie was the first hurricane in two months. The storm could not develop any further and steadily decreased in strength. On October 7th, only a residual low was left of Marie, which moved southwest for twelve days before being absorbed by the Innertropical Convergence Zone . Marie stayed at sea and caused no reported damage.

Hurricane Norbert

Category 4 hurricane
Norbert 2008-10-08 at 2055 UTC.jpg Norbert 2008 track.png
Duration October 3 - October 12
intensity 115 kn (215 km / h ) (1 minute) , 945 hPa

The strongest hurricane of the 2008 season in the eastern Pacific Ocean emerged from a powerful tropical wave that hit the west coast of Mexico in late September. During the first two days of October, the system struggled to develop into a tropical depression, but eventually a tropical depression developed on October 3, which intensified into Tropical Storm Norbert on October 4 and reached hurricane strength on October 6. After intensifying rapidly on October 7, the storm turned into a major hurricane the next day, the second of the season. Twelve hours later, the storm intensified into a Category 4 hurricane. By the morning of October 9, the strength had subsided and Norbert had relapsed to a Category 1 hurricane during the day.

Over the gulf east of the peninsula, the hurricane intensified again into a severe hurricane. Norbert crossed the Mexican coast twice; his first contact with the Baja California mainland on October 11th was listed in Category 2. In the state of Sonora, the storm finally moved over land on October 12 at 4:00 a.m. UTC. Over land, the hurricane lost its force and dissolved during the day.

The hurricane in Mexico killed eight people. The storm hit Baja California with winds of up to 155 km / h. He uprooted palm trees and flooded some streets of Puerto San Carlos knee-deep. It covered roofs and disrupted the electricity supply for 20,000 residents. The authorities temporarily housed around 2,850 people in emergency shelters. Forty percent of the houses on the islands of Margarita and Magdalena were damaged. La Paz Airport in Baja California Sur temporarily ceased operations during the passage of the storm.

Norbert was the first hurricane to hit western Baja California since Hurricane Pauline forty years earlier, and was the stronger of the two storms.

Tropical storm Odile

Tropical storm
Tropical Storm Odile 2010-10-09 1652Z.jpg Odile 2008 track.png
Duration October 8th - October 12th
intensity 50 kn (95 km / h ) (1 minute) , 997 hPa

In early October, a tropical wave formed near Nicaragua. This moved relatively little until October 6 or 7, causing heavy rainfall in the region. On October 8, the system organized itself better and developed into the Tropical Depression Sixteen-E. The next morning, the NHC upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Odile. At that time the center was off the coast of Guatemala.

Odile intensified only slowly in the following days. However, on October 10, storm warnings were triggered in Mexico because wind speeds reached 95 km / h. During the night Odile reached its closest distance to the Mexican coast at a distance of 80 km. A reconnaissance plane found that at this time the storm had reached its highest sustained wind speed of 105 km / h. Over the next few days, Odile steadily lost intensity and dissolved on October 12th.

The precursor system to Odile has dumped heavy rains over Nicaragua .

Seventeen-E Tropical Depression

Tropical depression
Seventeen-E 23 oct 2008.jpg 17-E 2008 track.png
Duration October 23 - October 24
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1008 hPa

On October 23, at 9:15 a.m. local time (4:15 p.m. UTC), the Seventeen-E Tropical Depression formed about 600 km south of Manzanillo. It broke up the next day without attaining tropical storm status.

Tropical storm polo

Tropical storm
Polo 2 nov 2008 2045Z.jpg Polo 2008 track.png
Duration November 2nd - November 4th
intensity 40 kn (75 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1003 hPa

On November 2, the National Hurricane Center classified a depression about 1,600 miles south of Baja California as the 18th tropical depression of the year in that basin, which six hours later intensified into Tropical Storm Polo. At this point, the NHC assumed that Polo would develop into a powerful tropical storm, but the system failed to really intensify and dissolved into an open trough on November 4th.

Time course of the season

Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE)

ACE (10 4 kt²) - Storm:
1 19.4 Norbert 10 (1.59) Kika
2 12.1 Hernan 11 1.41 Iselle
3 11.5 Elida 12 1.21 Cristina
4th 10.1 Fausto 13 1.18 Julio
5 7.68 Boris 14th 1.13 polo
6th 5.76 Genevieve 15th 0.830 Alma
7th 5.04 Marie 16 0.613 Douglas
8th 2.56 Odile 17th 0.245 Karina
9 2.18 Lowell
Total: 82.9 (1.59)

The table opposite shows the ACE for every storm this year. The ACE describes the energy of a tropical storm by multiplying the strength of a storm with the duration, i.e. long-lasting storms as well as strong storms have a high ACE value. Traditionally, the NOAA only recorded named storms with wind speeds of over 34 knots (63 km / h), but not in phases in which they were classified as subtropical.

The values ​​in brackets refer to the areas west of the 140th longitude.

Storm names

In the Eastern Pacific Basin, the 2008 storms are named using the following list:

  • Alma
  • Boris
  • Cristina
  • Douglas
  • Elida
  • Fausto
  • Genevieve
  • Hernan
  • Iselle
  • Julio
  • Karina
  • Lowell
  • Marie
  • Norbert
  • Odile
  • polo
  • Rachel (not taken)
  • Simon (not taken)
  • Trudy (not taken)
  • Vance (not taken)
  • Winnie (not taken)
  • Xavier (not taken)
  • Yolanda (not awarded)
  • Zeke (not awarded)

Storms that form between the date line (180 ° west longitude) and 140 ° west longitude are given their names on the basis of a separate list. This list is not changed every year, but the names are used in order. The next three names are:

  • Kika
  • Lena (not taken)
  • Maka (not taken)

The World Meteorological Organization removed the name Alma from the list of tropical cyclones in April 2009 and replaced it with Amanda for the 2014 Pacific hurricane season .

See also

Individual evidence

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  3. Central Pacific Hurricane Center, NOAA : NOAA Expects Slightly Below Average Central Pacific Hurricane Season ( English , PDF; 39 kB) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2008. Retrieved July 3, 2008.
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Web links

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