2008 Pacific typhoon season

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2008 Pacific typhoon season
All the storms of the season
All the storms of the season
Formation of the
first storm		 13th January
Dissolution of the
last storm		 December 18th
Strongest storm Jangmi - 905  hPa  ( mbar ), 115  kn  (215  km / h )  (10 minutes)
Tropical lows 40
Storms 22 official, 4 unofficial
Typhoons 11 official, 1 unofficial
Super Typhoons (JTWC) 2 (unofficial)
Total number of victims At least 1703
Total damage $ 5.8 billion   (2008)
Pacific typhoon season
2006 2007 2008 2009 , 2010

In contrast to the Pacific hurricane season , the Pacific typhoon season 2008 had no official limits, but ran throughout the calendar year. Most tropical cyclones, however, form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November.

Tropical storms that formed in the northern hemisphere in the Pacific Ocean west of the date line are called typhoons . The hurricanes that formed in the Pacific Ocean east of the date line and north of the equator in 2008 are the subject of the 2008 Pacific hurricane season . Tropical cyclone systems that reach at least the strength of a tropical storm are given a name throughout the western Pacific by the Japan Meteorological Agency . Hurricanes that migrate west over the date line from the area of ​​responsibility of the Central Pacific Hurricane Center keep their names. All tropical low pressure systems are given a number by the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center with a "W" appended for systems in the western Pacific. Tropical low pressure areas that form within the area of ​​responsibility of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) or migrate into this area are given a name only valid for the Philippines by this authority. This can result in named storms being known by two different names.

Season forecasts

Forecasts of tropical activity in the 2008 typhoon season
source date Total
systems 		Named
storms 		Typhoons
CUHK Average (1950–2000) 31 27 17th
CUHK April 18, 2008 33 30th 19th
CityUHK June 24, 2008 33 30th 19th
Actual activity
JMA 22nd 11
JTWC 26th 22nd 11

Since the Pacific typhoon season 2000 , the Atmospheric Research Laboratory at the City University of Hong Kong (CUHK) has been forecasting the expected number of tropical cyclones, named storms, and storms that will be assigned typhoon status by the JMA. Two predictions were released, one in April and an updated one in June.

This year's season was assessed by the CUHK somewhat more actively than that of the previous year. An average season consists of 31 tropical cyclones, 27 of which are named and 17 become typhoons. In the April forecast, the CUHK said 33 tropical cyclones, 30 of which were named. The number of cyclones that will reach typhoon strength is predicted to be 19. On June 24th, the laboratory confirmed the forecast made in April without change.

Storms

JTWC Tropical Depression 01W

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical storm
TS 01W 14 jan 2008 0235Z.jpg 1-W 2008 track.png
Duration January 13th - January 18th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

In the second week of January, a tropical disturbance slowly formed west of the Philippines , which on January 13th was declared Tropical Depression 01W by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center . The JMA observed the system but did not classify it as a tropical depression. According to the JTWC, the system intensified into a tropical storm in the early morning of January 14th, but decreased in intensity again during the course of the day. On the morning of January 15th, the JTWC first issued its last warning about this system; the system was able to gain strength again and was again listed as a tropical low pressure area from 21:00 UTC that day. However, since the system did not intensify any further, the JTWC issued a final warning on this system for the second time on January 16 at 3:00 p.m. UTC.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Temporary cyclone north.svg
Duration January 22nd - January 23rd
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1006 hPa

Typhoon Neoguri (Ambo)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 3 typhoon
Neoguri 17 apr 2008 0550Z.jpg Neoguri 2008 track.png
Duration April 13th - April 20th
intensity 80 kn (150 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 960 hPa

On April 11th there was a low pressure area between Palau and Yap , which developed convection . A near-surface circulation developed near Mindanao . On April 14, a tropical depression formed north of Zamboanga City , which moved westward and intensified into a tropical storm in the South China Sea on April 15. The Japan Meteorological Agency named the first official storm of the season Neoguri; for the Joint Typhoon Warning Center , Neoguri was already the second storm of the season. In the early hours of April 16, Neoguri was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA and a typhoon a few hours later.

The typhoon weakened on its way north and when it hit the mainland in Guangdong Province , Neoguri only achieved the status of a weak tropical storm; both JTWC and JMA issued their final warnings about this system as a result.

As the typhoon neared Hainan Province , around 120,000 low-lying residents were evacuated. According to the China Meteorological Administration , Neoguri was the earliest typhoon of the season to affect China (the previous record was set by Typhoon Wanda on May 3, 1971). After the cyclone passed through, 42,000 people were initially unable to return to their homes, and 18 Chinese and 22 Vietnamese fishermen were missing after the storm. The deaths of three people have been confirmed in the People's Republic of China.

The name Neoguri was proposed by South Korea and is the name for a raccoon dog . PAGASA's name for this system was Ambo.

Typhoon Rammasun (Butchoy)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 4 super typhoon
Rammasun 11 may 2008 0155Z.jpg Rammasun 2008 track.png
Duration May 7th - May 13th
intensity 105 kn (195 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 915 hPa

Early on May 7th, PAGASA declared a weather disruption 790 km east of Mindanao and southwest of Yap to be the Butchoy Tropical Depression. At around the same time, the system was classified as a tropical low by the JMA. During the day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and gave it the name Rammasun. The name Rammasun was proposed by Thailand and is the Thai name for the god of thunder . The system quickly organized itself and intensified into a typhoon on May 9th.

Rammasum intensified as it migrated northwards and reached its greatest intensity on May 10 with ten-minute wind speeds of 105 knots and an air pressure of 915 hPa in its interior. A few hours later, the storm hit cooler water and began to weaken. On May 12, the downward trend of the hurricane, which was now moving northeast, began to accelerate and the JMA reset the status of Rammasum to a severe tropical storm and the JTWC already noted the change into an extra-tropical front system in its last warning issued that day. Rammasum was not officially downgraded to a low pressure system until the early morning hours of May 13th when the JMA issued its final warning.

As an extra-tropical storm, Rammasun caused high waves and heavy to very heavy precipitation with gusts of wind up to 83 km / h on the Japanese east coast.

Severe Tropical Storm Matmo (Dindo)

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Matmo 16 may 2008 0215Z.jpg Matmo 2008 track.png
Duration May 14th - May 17th
intensity 50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 992 hPa

A tropical fault formed east of the Philippines on May 13th . During the day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert and declared the system to be Tropical Low Pressure Area 04W the next day . On May 15 at 12:00 UTC, the JMA classified the system as a Tropical Storm and assigned the name Matmo and the designation 0803 .

In the follow-up analysis by the RSMC Tokyo , the JMA found that Matmo had intensified further and subsequently upgraded the system to severe tropical storm Matmo. The system weakened as it moved northward from the Philippines, and on May 17, Matmo became extra-tropical. A few hours later, Matmo broke up.

The name Matmo was proposed by the United States and means "heavy rain" in Chamorro . PAGASA's name for the system was "Dindo". The storm caused no reported damage or loss of life.

Severe Tropical Storm Halong (Cosme)

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Category 1 typhoon
Halong 2008 peak intensity.jpg Halong 2008 track.png
Duration May 14th - May 20th
intensity 60 kn (110 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 970 hPa

On the morning of May 14th, PAGASA declared a tropical disturbance west of the Philippines to be the Tropical Depression Cosme and a little later the JTWC issued the first warnings about the 05W system , to which the JMA assigned the name Halong on May 16th . This name was proposed by Vietnam and is derived from Halong Bay , a UNESCO World Heritage Site and tourist destination. The low pressure system quickly intensified into a severe tropical storm (a light typhoon according to JTWC criteria) and reached its highest wind speed of 60 knots in the early morning of May 17th. After making landfall in the west of Pangasinan , Halong crossed northern Luzon , with the system weakening slightly. There, 58 people were killed, 43,365 houses were destroyed and 188,830 damaged by the effects of the storm. The damage that was most severe in northern Luzon added up to $ 94 million (2008). The islands of Mindoro and Panay were also hit by the rains the storm brought to the region.

After Halong reached the open water again, the system regenerated, increasing its forward speed to the northeast. Although it regained the intensity of a severe tropical storm, it was unable to regain its former strength. On May 20, the JMA issued the final warning on Halong.

Typhoon Nakri (Duck)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 4 typhoon
Nakri 29 May 0145Z.jpg Nakri 2008 track.png
Duration May 26th - June 3rd
intensity 100 kn (185 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 930 hPa

On May 25, a low pressure area formed south of Guam, which moved slowly in a westerly direction and was classified by the JMA as a weak tropical low pressure area the next day. On May 27, the JTWC first classified the system as a tropical low pressure area with the designation 06W , the JMA declared the system about 550 km north of Yap to be tropical storm Nakri, and one day later a severe tropical storm.

Twelve hours later, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center declared 06W a typhoon. Nakri gained strength even faster during the day, and by May 29, the typhoon had reached the strength of a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale . Around this time, the system came under the responsibility of the Filipino meteorologists and PAGASA named the storm Enteng in the early hours of May 30th . The system migrated north and on the 31st began to weaken. After a brief period of recovery, the transition to an extra-tropical cyclone began on June 2, and both the JTWC and JMA issued their final warnings on the system. The storm stayed at sea and did not cause any damage.

The name Nakri was suggested by Cambodia and refers to a flowering plant found in the country.

Typhoon Fengshen (Frank)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 3 typhoon
Fengshen 2008-06-21 0455Z.jpg Fengshen 2008 track.png
Duration June 18 - June 25
intensity 90 kn (165 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 945 hPa

On June 16, a low pressure area formed east of Mindanao , which two days later developed tropical characteristics and was named Frank by PAGASA . At about the same time, the JMA began issuing storm warnings to the system, and the Joint Typhoon Waring Center began monitoring the 07W system . On June 18, the depression had intensified so much that the JMA classified the system as Tropical Storm Fengshen. The name Fengshen ( Chinese : 风神 ) was proposed by the People's Republic of China and stands for god of the wind . Fengshen was the sixth tropical cyclone to hit the Philippines in 2008. On June 19, after a previously rapid intensification, Fengshen was declared a severe tropical storm and finally a typhoon. If it was initially forecast that the storm would turn northeast before reaching the Philippines, it continued on its way to the northwest. He moved over Samar and the Gulf of Leyte , but turned towards the metropolitan area of ​​Manila before reaching Mindoro due to the weaker high pressure area in the north of the Philippines and crossed Luzon on June 22nd .

Flash floods and landslides - due to the heavy rain - killed more than 160 people in the Philippines, but far more people were killed in the sinking of the MS Princess of the Stars . The ferry ran aground near Sibuyan and capsized. There were around 860 people on board the ferry, of whom only 56 could be saved alive. Given that the number 1 storm signal was still on for Manila at the time, the President of the Philippines, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , asked, “Why was the ship allowed to set sail, and why was it? no far-reaching warning? ”and asked for clarification.

For the next two days, Fengshen continued his route north-west across the South China Sea . The storm weakened and the JMA downgraded Fengshen to a tropical storm. At 4:00 a.m. China Standard Time on June 25, the storm center was 15 km east of the Hong Kong Observatory . This had raised the signal number eight , since Fengshen at this point still reached the strength of a severe tropical storm. At Shenzhen in Guangdong , the system got overland. There the system swung in a northerly direction and rapidly lost strength.

Tropical Depression Gener

Tropical Depression ( PAGASA )
Tropical Depression Gener 2008.gif Gener (PAGASA) 2008 track.png
Duration July 4th - July 8th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1000 hPa

Early on July 4th, PAGASA assigned the name Gener to a low pressure area west of the Philippines . The next day, the low moved in a north-westerly direction out of PAGASA's area of ​​responsibility. The system was observed by the JMA, but it did not reach the strength of a tropical storm.

Typhoon Kalmaegi (Helen)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 2 typhoon
Kalmaegi 17 jul 2008 0225Z.jpg Kalmaegi 2008 track.png
Duration July 13th - July 20th
intensity 65 kn (120 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 970 hPa

Early on July 13th, the JMA began issuing warnings about a tropical depression east of the Philippines, which PAGASA named Helen during the day and which the JTWC listed as 08W . When it was upgraded to a tropical storm, the RSMC Tokyo gave the name Kalmaegi ( 갈매기 ), which was proposed by North Korea and is the Korean name for a seagull .

After floating a few days east of Luzon, the system moved across the north of the island. In the Philippines, two people were killed in the storm and property damage amounts to seven million pesos . Back on the open sea, Kalmaegi accelerated towards Taiwan . On July 17, Kalmaegi intensified rapidly and the JMA upgraded the storm to a typhoon.

At 7:40 p.m. local time (1:40 p.m. UTC ), the storm hit Yilan County, northeastern Taiwan. At the time, this had already been downgraded to a tropical storm. After about twelve hours, the cross-strait storm center surfaced again on the morning of July 18. The storm killed at least thirteen people on the island. More than 1,100 mm of rainfall fell in the mountains of Tainan County in southern Taiwan. The storm caused blackouts for more than 115,000 residents in Tainan , Nantou , and Taichung . and three hundred million New Taiwan dollars in damage . In some areas, up to 1100 mm of rain fell. The storm caused $ 16 million in agricultural damage and destroyed approximately 5,100 acres of crops .

Fallen tree in Taichung, Taiwan.

At least 19 people lost their lives on the island as a result of the storm. Again over water, the storm headed toward the southeast of the Chinese mainland. The storm center crossed the coastline at 5:50 p.m. local time (9:50 a.m. UTC) in Fujian Province with wind speeds of 145 km / h. 360,000 residents were brought to safety in the province and neighboring province of Zhejiang . Kalmaegi moved northeast over the coastal provinces and came back over water. As a minimal tropical storm, Kalmaegi crossed the Yellow Sea and was downgraded to the extra-tropical residual low by the JMA on July 20, when the system was ready over North Korea .

Typhoon Fung-wong (Igme)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 2 typhoon
Fung-wong 28 july 2008 0520Z.jpg Fung-wong 2008 track.png
Duration July 24th - July 30th
intensity 85 kn (155 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 960 hPa

On July 23, the JMA began issuing warnings about a tropical depression east of the Philippines, which PAGASA later renamed Igme and which the JTWC listed as 09W . On July 25, the system was upgraded to a tropical storm by the RSMC Tokyo and given the name Fung-wong . The name was suggested by Hong Kong and is the Cantonese name for a phoenix . On July 26th, the storm had intensified into a severe tropical storm. Fung-Wong passed through Taiwan as a typhoon on July 28th and came through Formosa Strait. According to Xinhua, the storm hit the mainland in the People's Republic of China at 10 a.m. local time (14:00 UTC) near Fuzhou with wind speeds of 155 km / h.

On Luzon - especially in the greater Manila area - the storm caused heavy rainfall in some cases, which led to landslides and flash floods. In mainland China, 338,000 residents were brought to safety and one person was killed in the storm.

Severe Tropical Storm Kammuri (Julian)

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Kammuri 2008-08-05 0255Z.jpg Kammuri 2008 track.png
Duration August 3 - August 8
intensity 50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 975 hPa

On August 3, PAGASA assigned the name Julian to a tropical disturbance north of Luzon , the name of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center was 10W . The system was first observed by the Japan Meteorological Agency as a tropical depression. On August 5, the RSMC Tokyo upgraded the system to Tropical Storm Kammuri; PAGASA and the JTWC had already noticed the greater intensity a day earlier. The name Kammuri had been submitted by Japan. The storm headed for mainland China and intensified into a severe tropical storm. After Kammuri hit the coast in western Guangdong Province at around 12:00 UTC on August 6, the system lost strength. On August 6, the JMA downgraded Kammuri overland to a tropical storm, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued its last warning about the system. Although the storm reached the morning of the following day and got over water again in the Gulf of Tonkin , it could no longer intensify significantly. The storm crossed the coastline in the Guangxi Autonomous Region on August 7, when it landed for the second time . Kammuri weakened to a low pressure area over land.

Heavy Tropical Storm Phanfone

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Phanfone 10 aug 2008 0310Z.jpg Phanfone 2008 track.png
Duration August 10th - August 11th
intensity 50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 996 hPa

On the evening of August 9, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) began issuing full-fledged warnings of a tropical depression in the Bering Sea east of Japan . The next morning the system had intensified into a tropical storm and the JMA assigned the name Phanfone . The system migrated northwards and reached its greatest intensity on the evening of August 10, already transitioning to the extra-tropical system. By the morning of August 11th, the storm had completely lost its tropical properties and the JMA issued the final warning. In the follow-up analysis, the JMA upgraded Phanfone to a severe tropical storm. Phanfone was not run as a tropical system by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center .

The name Phanfone was suggested by Laos and is the name of an animal.

JTWC Tropical Storm 11W

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Tropical Depression 11W as seen from Aqua Satellite on 2008-08-14.jpg 11-W 2008 track.png
Duration August 13th - August 14th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 998 hPa

On the morning of August 12, the JMA identified a weak tropical depression northwest of the Ryūkyū Islands , to which the Joint Typhoon Warning Center was assigned the designation 11W on August 13 . On August 14, the low pressure area approached Korea with wind speeds of 55 km / h. The JTWC issued its final warning in the afternoon as the intensity of the storm decreased due to the interactions from the mainland. The JMA suspended its warnings about the system the next day without classifying the system as a tropical storm.

Severe tropical storm Vongfong

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Vongfong 15 aug 2008 0150Z.jpg Vongfong 2008 track.png
Duration August 14th - August 17th
intensity 50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 990 hPa

On the evening of August 14th, the JMA began issuing warnings about a tropical depression south of the island state (the JTWC assigned the system the designation 12W ). The next day the system approached Japan and the JMA upgraded the system to Tropical Storm Vongfong. On August 16, the transition to an extra-tropical low began, and the next day the JMA suspended its warnings.

Typhoon Nuri (Karen)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 3 typhoon
Nuri 20 August 2008.jpg Nuri 2008 track.png
Duration August 17th - August 23rd
intensity 75 kn (140 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 955 hPa

Nuri, listed by the JTWC as 13W , began its existence east of the Philippines on August 17th and the next day the system was named a tropical storm by the JMA. The name Nuri was suggested by Malaysia and is the name for a long-tailed parrot species. As a result, the system quickly developed into a severe tropical cyclone, which on the same day was awarded typhoon status by both PAGASA and the JTWC. After the storm hit the Philippine coast, it swept across northern Luzon, killing 12 people and causing damage of PHP 461.3 million . Nuri crossed the Babuyan Canal and then headed for Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China. The typhoon weakened as it approached mainland China; The JMA only downgraded Nuri to a tropical storm after a direct hit on Hong Kong the next morning. The storm decreased in intensity over mainland China and the JMA issued its final warning on August 23.

JTWC Tropical Storm 14W (Avalanche)

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical storm
TD Lawin 27 Aug 2008 0220Z.jpg Tropical Storm Lawin 2008 track.png
Duration August 25th - August 28th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1002 hPa

On August 24, a tropical fault developed east of Luzon , which PAGASA classified as a Tropical Depression Avalanche the next morning. The JMA did not initially manage the system as a tropical low-pressure area, and the JTWC only pointed out the formation of a tropical cyclone one day later. At this time, PAGASA raised signal number 1 for parts of Luzon, which indicated an impending danger from wind speeds of 30 to 60 km / h within 24 hours. Both the JMA and JTWC began issuing full-fledged warnings during the course of August 25, and the JTWC at Pearl Harbor raised the intensity of 14W to a tropical storm, although neither the JMA nor PAGASA understood such an intensification, and with the next update, the JTWC lowered the system's intensity to tropical low. The Regional Specialized Meteorological Center stopped issuing storm warnings a few hours later because the system was no longer judged to be a tropical low pressure system.

Typhoon Sinlaku (Marce)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 4 typhoon
Sinlaku 10 September 2008.jpg Sinlaku 2008 track.png
Duration September 8th - September 21st
intensity 100 kn (185 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 935 hPa

On September 8th, the JMA began issuing warnings of a tropical depression north of Manila, to which PAGASA named Marce and JTWC named 15W . During the course of the day, the system strengthened to form Tropical Storm Sinlaku. The next day, Sinlaku intensified first into a severe tropical storm and then into a typhoon, which reached one-minute winds of 230 km / h on September 10th. In the course of September 11th, Sinlaku went through a cyclic new eyewall formation and lost its intensity. The typhoon hit the coast of Taiwan on September 13 with a wind speed of 165 km / h. While crossing the island, Sinlaku turned northeast and set course for Japan. The system weakened, so that the JMA Sinlaku initially downgraded to a tropical storm on the morning of September 16, but again referred to Sinlaku as a severe tropical storm during the course of the day. In the following days the intensity of the storm decreased continuously and on September 21st, the JMA issued the last warning about Sinlaku because the system had completely passed into an extra-tropical low pressure area.

JTWC Tropical Storm 16W

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical storm
16W 11 sept 2008 0130Z.jpg 16-W 2008 track.png
Duration September 8th - September 11th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1002 hPa

On late September 8th, a tropical fault formed southeast of Japan, which developed into a tropical depression by the afternoon of the next day, with winds reaching 25 knots. Nevertheless, the JTWC did not assign the system the designation 16W until the morning of September 10 , when the system was already at the level of a tropical storm. A few hours later, Honolulu downgraded the storm to a low pressure area, only to re-declare it a tropical storm a few hours later. The next day the JTWC reset the storm again, as it had started the transition into an extra-tropical system and when the system came under the influence of the baroclinical zone a few hours later, the JTWC issued the last warning about this system. The RSMC Tokyo did not manage this system as a tropical low pressure system.

JTWC Tropical Storm 17W

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical storm
17W 14 sept 2008 0340Z.jpg 17-W 2008 track.png
Duration September 13th - September 15th
intensity 25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1010 hPa

The Japan Meteorological Agency began observing a tropical depression east of Japan on September 13, without classifying it as a full-fledged system, as it only reached wind speeds of around 25 knots. The following morning the JTWC assigned the designation 17W to the system . At this point in time the transition to an extra-tropical system had already begun, so this warning from the JTWC was not followed by any further warning.

Typhoon Hagupit (Nina)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 4 typhoon
HagupitChina.jpg Hagupit 2008 track.png
Duration September 19 - September 25
intensity 90 kn (165 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 935 hPa

On September 14, a tropical disturbance formed northeast of Guam , which developed slowly over the next few days and was observed by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) as a tropical depression from September 17. That day the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also triggered a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert, and on the evening of September 18, Pearl Harbor assigned the system the designation 18W . In the early hours of September 19, the JMA began issuing full storm warnings. At this point the system came under the responsibility of PAGASA and was managed as Nina . A few hours later, the system was upgraded to a tropical storm, and the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center made the system the 14th named tropical storm of the season by naming it Hagupit . By the next morning, Hagupit intensified into a severe tropical storm that during the day reached the intensity of a Category 3 typhoon on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. At the time of its greatest strength, Hagupit reached a ten-minute wind speed of 165 km / h. The system made it overland in this strength the next day and began to disintegrate, so that the JMA issued the last warning about this system on September 24th.

Typhoon Jangmi (Ofel)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 5 super typhoon
Jangmi 2008-09-27 0445Z.jpg Jangmi 2008 track.png
Duration September 23rd - October 1st
intensity 115 kn (215 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 905 hPa

On September 23, JMA and JTWC identified a fault east of the Philippines as a tropical depression, which the JTWC assigned the designation 19W . On September 24th, the system had intensified so much that the JMA referred to the system as Tropical Storm Jangmi with the international serial number 0815 . In PAGASA's area of ​​responsibility, the system was given the name Ofel.

On September 25, the storm intensified into a typhoon and a day later the JTWC reported winds of 165 km / h. During the afternoon the JMA observed an intensification, the JTWC only corrected its assessment with the next warning. In operational terms, the peak wind speed of Jangmi according to the criteria of the JTWC, which is based on one-minute wind measurements, was 215 km. In the follow-up analysis, the JTWC determined the time of the peak for September 27 at 6:00 a.m. UTC, when the storm had winds of 145 knots (270 km / h) shortly before reaching Taiwan, and so Jangmi would be the only tropical one Cyclone, which reached Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale in 2008.

Tropical storm Mekkhala

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Mekkhala September 30th 2008.jpg Mekkhala 2008 track.png
Duration September 28th - September 30th
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 990 hPa

On September 25th, a tropical disturbance formed in the Gulf of Tonkin south of China , which intensified continuously over the next two days and was classified by the JMA as a tropical depression on the evening of September 27th, which was assigned the designation 20W by the JTWC . On September 28, the low intensified into a tropical storm, which the JMA named Mekkhala . Two days later, on September 30, the storm moved overland and the JMA downgraded the system to a tropical depression in its final warning.

Mekkhala was responsible for the deaths of at least 21 people, the property damage is estimated at 6.6 million US dollars.

Tropical Storm Higos (Pablo)

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Higos 30 September 2008.jpg Higos 2008 track.png
Duration September 29th - October 6th
intensity 40 kn (75 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 998 hPa

On September 27, a tropical fault formed in the Philippine Sea east of Mindanao . The next day the JTWC triggered a TCFA on the system. In the early hours of September 29, the Japan Meteorological Agency identified the fault as a tropical depression; PAGASA named the system Pablo during the day and the JTWC assigned the designation 21W . Both JTWC and JMA upgraded the low pressure area to a tropical storm on September 30, which the JMA named Higos . Higos moved to the northwest and crossed the island of Samar in the eastern Philippines on October 1st . Higos crossed the Philippines as a tropical storm - although PAGASA downgraded the system to a low - for most of the day, until the storm came over open water again. The JTWC also reduced the intensity of Higos, the JMA left Higos unchanged as a tropical storm. As Higos approached mainland China , the storm suddenly changed direction and ran along the northeast coast of Hainan Island , to the north of which it landed on October 4 at 2:00 a.m. local time. Overland Higos weakened and the JMA issued the last warnings.

JTWC Tropical Storm 22W

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Twenty-Two October 15, 2008.jpg 22-W 2008 track.png
Duration October 13th - October 15th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1006 hPa

On October 13, the Japan Meteorological Agency observed a depression in the Gulf of Tonkin . The wind in this system reached a wind speed of 25 knots. Both the China Meteorological Administration and the Hong Kong Observatory declared the system, which was moving towards northern Vietnam, to be tropical. On October 14th the wind had increased to 30 knots. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center began issuing warnings and classified the low pressure area as Tropical Storm 22W on the evening of October 14, and forecast further intensification. Contrary to the predictions, however, the system did not intensify. It passed over northern Vietnam on October 15 and disbanded on August 16 before reaching the border with Laos.

Tropical storm Bavi

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
TS Bavi 19 October 2008.jpg Bavi 2008 track.png
Duration October 18 - October 21
intensity 45 kn (85 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 992 hPa

On October 18, a tropical depression formed southeast of Japan. It quickly intensified into a tropical storm which the JMA named Bavi. Bavi intensified further and reached wind speeds of 80 km / h. The storm then turned extra-tropical on October 21st and drove off towards Alaska .

Severe Tropical Storm Maysak (Quinta-Siony)

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
STS Maysak 9 November 2008.jpg Maysak 2008 track.png
Duration November 5th - November 14th
intensity 50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 985 hPa

On November 5, a tropical disturbance formed in the Philippine Sea northeast of Zamboanga. The JTWC initially assessed the prospect of intensification as poor. The next day, PAGASA classified the system as a tropical depression and gave it the name Quinta . It wasn't until a few hours later that Honolulu classified the system and assigned the designation 24W .

When the system weakened to a low pressure area on November 12th, PAGASA initially stopped its warnings and then renamed the system a few hours later with the new name Siony . A few hours later, PAGASA stopped the storm warnings again because the storm was no longer the responsibility of the Philippine Weather Service.

Tropical Depression Rolly

Tropical Depression ( PAGASA )
PAGASA TD Rolly 2008.jpg Rolly (PAGASA) 2008 track.png
Duration November 7th - November 9th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1006 hPa

On November 6th, a tropical disturbance formed in the Philippine Sea east of Zamboanga . The Joint Typhoon Warning Center determined the next day that the chances of the disruption intensifying into a tropical cyclone within twenty-four hours were good, and during the day PAGASA classified the disorder as Tropical Depression Rolly. At the same time, signal no. 1 was set for parts of Mindanao and Visayas. When Rolly moved across the Philippines, the warning signs were adjusted; in Mindanao and Visayas they were lifted on the evening of November 8th, while signal no. 1 was raised in parts of Luzon. All warning signs were withdrawn on November 9th as Rolly weakened to a low pressure area over Palawan. The JTWC declared the system to be disbanded that morning.

Tropical storm Haishen

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
TS Haishen 16 November 2008.jpg Haishen 2008 track.png
Duration November 14th - November 17th
intensity 40 kn (75 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

On November 15, a tropical low pressure area formed south of Japan, which the JMA upgraded to Tropical Storm Haishen during the course of the day. This changed into an extra-tropical cyclone on November 17th, so that the JMA issued the last warning about the system on that day.

Tropical Storm Noul (Tonyo)

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Noul 16 November 2008.jpg Noul 2008 track.png
Duration November 13th - November 17th
intensity 40 kn (75 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 994 hPa

On November 12, a low pressure area formed east of Mindanao , and the JTWC judged the prospect of intensification into a tropical cyclone to be poor within twenty-four hours. The next day, PAGASA assigned the name Tonyo. On November 16, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Low Pressure System 26W, and later the JMA classified the low pressure area as Tropical Storm Noul. Initially, a trajectory had been calculated that would have led the system over the Isthmus of Kra into the northern Indic , but the system moved further north than expected. On November 17th, Noul broke up over Cambodia and the JMA issued the final storm warning. In Vietnam, floods occurred in some provinces, but no personal injury was reported.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Temporary cyclone north.svg
Duration December 2nd - December 6th
intensity 25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1006 hPa

Typhoon Dolphin (Ulysses)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 2 typhoon
Dolphin 2008-12-16 at 0445 UTC.jpg Dolphin 2008 track.png
Duration December 8th - December 18th
intensity 65 kn (120 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 970 hPa

Dolphin was initially a convection area that had formed on December 7, the tail end of a shear line. On December 8th, the system developed more tropical characteristics and was therefore classified by the JMA as a tropical depression. During the following days, the system slowly moved westward, which on December 12th was upgraded to a tropical storm by the JMA and named Dolphin. The name was suggested by Hong Kong. During the course of the day, the storm reached PAGASA's area of ​​responsibility and was given the name Ulysses there, the JTWC runs the system as 27W . Dolphin intensified into a typhoon on December 15, which the JMA downgraded to a severe tropical storm a day later. On December 18, the transition into an extra-tropical cyclone took place and the last warnings were issued.

Other storms

CPHC Tropical Depression Kika

Tropical depression
Kika 2008-08-16 0100Z.jpg Kika 2008 track.png
Duration August 14th - August 16th
intensity 20 kn (35 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1010 hPa

The remaining lows of Tropical Storm Kika migrated over the date line on August 14th and developed into a tropical depression, although the maximum sustained one-minute winds only reached a speed of about 35 km / h. On August 15, the system briefly weakened to a tropical disturbance and then returned to a depression. On August 16, it dissolved over the open water.

Season overview

Storm names

Tropical cyclones in the western Pacific Ocean are named by the RSMC Tokyo-Typhoon Center of the Japan Meteorological Agency . The names are taken from the following list, which does not change annually, but the names are used in sequence and when the end of the list is reached, the next name to be used is the first name in the list. These names were suggested by the members of the ESCAP / WMO Typhoon Committee , with the exception of Singapore . These 13 nations or territories, including Micronesia , have each submitted ten names, which are listed in alphabetical order of the names of those committee members in English spelling. This list is identical to the list used during the 2007 Pacific typhoon season , with the exception of the names Sanba , Maliksi , Son Tinh , Leepi, and Mangkhut , which have replaced Chanchu , Bilis , Saomai , Xangsane, and Durian , respectively. The first named storm of the season was named Neoguri . This name was used for the first time because the spelling was Noguri in 2002 . The third, twelfth and twenty-first storm names of the season were also used for the first time, as these names replaced the names Chataan , Rusa and Pongsona , which were deleted after the 2002 season . Jangmi was also used that way for the first time, as this name was misspelled as Changmi in 2002.

Contributing Member Names
Cambodia Damrey Kong-rey Nakri 0805 Krovanh Sarika
China Haikui Yutu Fengshen 0806 Dujuan Haima
DPR Korea Kirogi Toraji Kalmaegi 0807 Mujigae Meari
Hong Kong Kai-tak Man-yi Fung-wong 0808 Choi-wan Ma-on
Japan Tembin Usagi Kammuri 0809 Koppu Tokage
Laos Bolaven Pabuk Phanfone 0810 Ketsana Cams
Macau Sanba Wutip Vongfong 0811 Parma Muifa
Malaysia Jelawat Sepat Nuri 0812 Melor Merbok
Micronesia Ewiniar Fitow Sinlaku 0813 Nepartak Nanmadol
Philippines Maliksi Danas Hagupit 0814 Lupite Talas
RO Korea Gaemi Nari Jangmi 0815 Sudal Noru
Thailand Prapiroon Wipha Mekkhala 0816 Nida Kulap
United States Maria Francisco Higos 0817 Grannies Roke
Vietnam Son Tinh Lekima Bavi 0818 Conson Sonca
Cambodia Bopha Krosa Maysak 0819 Chanthu Nesat
China Wukong Haiyan Haishen 0820 Dianmu Haitang
DPR Korea Sonamu Podul Noul 0821 Mindulle Nalgae
Hong Kong Shanshan Lingling Dolphin 0822 Lionrock banyan
Japan Yagi Kajiki Kujira Kompasu Washi
Laos Leepi Faxai Chan-hom Namtheun Pakhar
Macau Bebinca Peipah Linfa Malou Sanvu
Malaysia Rumbia Tapah Nangka Meranti Mawar
Micronesia Soulik Noon Soudelor Fanapi Guchol
Philippines Cimaron Hagibis Molave Malacas Talim
RO Korea Jebi Neoguri 0801 Goni Megi Doksuri
Thailand Mangkhut Rammasun 0802 Morakot Chaba Khanun
United States Utor Matmo 0803 Etau Aere Vicente
Vietnam Trami Halong 0804 Vamco Songda Saola

Names of the Philippines

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) uses its own system of naming, after which storms are named that form in the area of ​​responsibility of PAGASA or migrate into this area. These lists of names are used every four years. From this year the names Ulysses, Vicky and Warren will replace the names Unding , Violeta and Winnie. These names are not used outside of the Philippines.

  • Ambo
  • Butchoy
  • Cosme
  • Dindo
  • Duck
  • Frank
  • Gener
  • Helen
  • Igme
  • Julian
  • Karen
  • Avalanche
  • Marce
  • Nina
  • Ofel
  • Pablo
  • Quinta
  • Rolly
  • Siony
  • Tonyo
  • Ulysses
  • Vicky
  • Warren
  • Yoyong
  • Zosimo
  • Alakdan
  • Baldo
  • Clara
  • Dencio
  • Estong
  • Felipe
  • Gardo
  • Heling
  • Ishmael
  • Julio

On June 27, PAGASA announced that it would remove the name Frank from the list due to the destruction .

See also

Web links

Commons : Pacific Typhoon Season 2008  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary . Gary Padgett. May 2003. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  2. ↑ 2008 Predictions of Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific . City University of Hong Kong . April 18, 2008. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 5, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / aposf02.cityu.edu.hk
  3. ↑ Updated Prediction of Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific for 2008 . City University of Hong Kong . June 24, 2008. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
  4. ↑ Tropical Storm 01W Warning No. 001 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . January 13, 2008. Accessed on January 13, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  5. ↑ Warning and Summary 131200 12Z . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on January 13, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
  6. ↑ Tropical Storm 01W Warning No. 004 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . January 14, 2008. Accessed on January 14, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  7. ^ Tropical Depression 01W Warning No. 007 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . January 14, 2008. Accessed on January 14, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  8. ^ Tropical Depression 01W Warning No. 009 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . January 15, 2008. Accessed on January 15, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  9. ^ Tropical Depression 01W Warning No. 010 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . January 15, 2008. Accessed on January 15, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  10. ^ Tropical Depression 01W Warning No. 013 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . January 16, 2008. Accessed on January 16, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  11. ↑ April 11 20z ABPW10 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . April 11, 2008. Accessed on April 15, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  12. ↑ April 13, 01z ABPW10 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . April 13, 2008. Retrieved on April 15, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  13. ↑ TS 0801 NEOGURI (0801) Upgraded from TD Analysis ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2008.
  14. ↑ STS 0801 NEOGURI (0801) Upgraded from TS Analysis ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2008.
  15. ↑ TY 0801 NEOGURI (0801) Upgraded from STS Analysis ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2008.
  16. ↑ http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/archive/08041900 ( Memento from April 20, 2008 on WebCite )
  17. ↑ http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/archive/08041906 ( Memento from April 20, 2008 on WebCite )
  18. ↑ http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt ( Memento from April 19, 2008 on WebCite )
  19. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008041915-WTPN.PGTW  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  20. ↑ http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/archive/08041918 ( Memento from April 20, 2008 on WebCite )
  21. ↑ China issues warning against all-time-early typhoon Neoguri ( English ) People's Daily Online. April 18, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
  22. ↑ Typhoon Neoguri hits South China ( English ) Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  23. ↑ 18 Chinese fishermen rescued after sheltering in sea beacon from Typhoon Neoguri for nearly 30 hours_English_Xinhua ( English ) Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  24. ↑ Typhoon Neoguri kills 3 in Guangdong _English_Xinhua ( English ) Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  25. ↑ http://www.sonicfighters.com/rattleman/other/PAGASA%20Butchoy%20One.htm ( Memento from May 7, 2008 on WebCite )
  26. ↑ Warning and Summary 070000 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . May 7, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  27. ↑ http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt ( Memento from May 7, 2008 on WebCite )
  28. ↑ a b c d Names of Tropical Cyclones ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved May 16, 2008.
  29. ↑ http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt ( Memento from May 9, 2008 on WebCite )
  30. ↑ http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt ( Memento from May 10, 2008 on WebCite )
  31. ↑ Typhoon 03W (RAMMASUN) Warning No. 017 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . May 11, 2008. Accessed on May 11, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  32. ↑ http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt ( Memento from May 12, 2008 on WebCite )
  33. ↑ Tropical Storm 03W (RAMMASUN) Warning No. 023 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . May 12, 2008. Accessed on May 12, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  34. ↑ http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt ( Memento from May 13, 2008 on WebCite )
  35. ↑ Typhoon downgraded as it passes by Japan ( English ) Tokyo (AFP). Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2008.
  36. ↑ ABPW10 13-05-08 ( English ) JTWC. Retrieved on November 25, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  37. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 13-05-08 ( English ) JTWC. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
  38. ↑ JTWC TS Matmo warning 1 ( English ) JTWC. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
  39. ↑ JMA Advisory 15-05-08 12z ( English ) Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved on May 15, 2008.
  40. ↑ TS 0803 MATMO (0803) Upgraded from TD Analysis ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. May 15, 2008. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
  41. ↑ a b Jma Best Track (Matmo) ( English ) Archived from the original on June 16, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  42. ↑ PAGASA warning 16-05-08 03z ( English ) Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
  43. ↑ JMA Advisory 17-05-08 00z ( English ) Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
  44. ↑ Chamorro-English Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press
  45. ↑ Webcite queryResult ( English ) Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Accessed June 22 of 2008.
  46. ^ Tropical Depression 04W Warning No. 006 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . May 15, 2008. Retrieved May 15, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  47. ↑ WebCite query result ( English ) May 16, 2008. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  48. ^ Meaning of Tropical Cyclone Names, Hong Kong Observatory
  49. ↑ Webcite queryResult ( English ) Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Accessed June 22 of 2008.
  50. ↑ Webcite queryResult ( English ) Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Accessed June 22 of 2008.
  51. ↑ WebCite query result . Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  52. ↑ Unisys Weather Hurricane data ( English ) Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  53. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008051721-WTPN.PGTW  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  54. ↑ Cosme death toll reaches 58; damages exceed P4B ( English ) GMANews.TV. May 26, 2008. Retrieved November 25, 2008.
  55. ↑ Webcite queryResult ( English ) Archived from the original on May 18, 2008. Accessed June 22 of 2008.
  56. ↑ http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/archive/08051800 ( Memento from May 21, 2008 on WebCite )
  57. ↑ Webcite queryResult ( English ) Archived from the original on May 21, 2008. Accessed June 22 of 2008.
  58. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008052003-WTPN.PGTW  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  59. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued 251300Z-260600Z May 2008 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . May 25, 2008. Accessed on May 25, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  60. ↑ Warning and Summary 261,200th ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . May 26, 2008. Accessed on July 20, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  61. ↑ TS 0805 NAKRI (0805) Upgraded from TD Analysis ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . May 27, 2008. Archived from the original on May 27, 2008. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
  62. ↑ Webcite queryResult ( English ) Archived from the original on May 28, 2008. Accessed June 22 of 2008.
  63. ↑ WebCite query result . Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  64. ↑ WebCite query result . Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  65. ↑ Webcite queryResult ( English ) Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Accessed June 22 of 2008.
  66. ↑ Webcite queryResult ( English ) Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Accessed June 22 of 2008.
  67. ↑ PAGASA: Tropical Depression Frank ( English ) Archived from the original on June 18, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  68. ↑ JMA: Tropical Cyclone Advisory . Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  69. ↑ JTWC: JTWC Tropical Depression 07W Advisory 1 . Retrieved on June 18, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  70. ↑ JMA: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory 19-06-08 00z . Archived from the original on June 19, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  71. ↑ 17 Dead After Typhoon Rattles the Philippines , New York Times . June 21, 2008. 
  72. ↑ JMA: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory 19-06-08 12z ( English ) Archived from the original on June 19, 2008. Retrieved on June 19, 2008.
  73. ↑ JMA: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory 19-06-08 18z . Archived from the original on June 19, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  74. ↑ Typhoon Frank (Fengshen) severe weather bulletin 8 ( English ) PAGASA. June 20, 2008. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
  75. ^ Typhoon "Fengshen" hits E. Philippines , Xinhua . June 20, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2008. 
  76. ↑ PAGASA says typhoon had erratic movement . Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 23, 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  77. ↑ Desperate Search for Survivors , Die Welt . June 23, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008. 
  78. ↑ 'Frank' leaves at least 229 dead, 700 missing - 6/22/08 . Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 22, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  79. ↑ PAGASA: PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Advisory 22-06-08 15z . Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  80. ↑ JMA: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory 23-06-08 00z ( English ) Archived from the original on June 23, 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  81. ↑ JTWC: Dataset: 2008 / WTEB_20080623v10002.nc . Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  82. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Bulletin, issued at 03:45 HKT 25 / Jun / 2008 ( English ) Hong Kong Observatory via Webcitation.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
  83. ^ CMA: Tropical Storm Frank . Archived from the original on July 16, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  84. ↑ JMA: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory 25-06-08 18z . Archived from the original on June 25, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
  85. ↑ PAGASA GENER Advisory 1 . PAGASA. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
  86. ↑ PAGASA GENER Advisory 3 . PAGASA. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
  87. ↑ Helen toll: 2 dead, P7M in damage , GMA. July 19, 2008. 
  88. ↑ United Daily News: Center, South, Heavy Rains Until Tomorrow (中南部 超大 豪雨 下 到 明天) ( Chinese ) Retrieved on June 18, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically defective marked. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / tw.news.yahoo.com  
  89. ↑ a b c d e Typhoon hits China after killing 13 in Taiwan , Bangkok Post. July 18, 2008. 
  90. ↑ BBC: Taiwan hit by Typhoon Kalmaegi ( English ) Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  91. ↑ a b China Post: Tropical storm floods southern Taiwan, 4 killed, 5 missing ( English ) Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  92. ↑ Now News: 卡 玫 基 颱風 全 台 11.5 萬戶 停電 已 修復 8.1 萬戶 修復 率 70% (115,000 lost electricity through Kalmaegi, for 81,000 already restored) ( Chinese ) Retrieved July 18, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , Search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / tw.news.yahoo.com  
  93. ^ 19 killed by Typhoon Kalmaegi in Taiwan , Asia News Network. July 21, 2008. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008 Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved July 27, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.asianewsnet.net 
  94. ↑ 19 killed by Typhoon Kalmaegi in Taiwan (English) , Asia News Network. July 21, 2008. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008 Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved July 27, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.asianewsnet.net 
  95. ↑ Typhoon Kalmaegi hits China, leaves 13 killed in Taiwan (lead) , Thaindian. July 18, 2008. 
  96. ↑ Jma Warning 23-07-08 00z . JMA . Retrieved on July 23, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  97. ↑ PAGASA Igme warning 01 . PAGASA . Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved on August 4, 2008.
  98. ↑ JTWC TY 09W Warning 01 . JTWC . Retrieved on August 4, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  99. ↑ JMA Advisory 25-07-08 06z . JMA . Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved on August 4, 2008.
  100. ↑ http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601080&sid=aB2.kz1mQAB8
  101. ↑ Heavy downpour causes flashfloods in Metro Manila
  102. ↑ PAGASA Advisory 1 . PAGASA. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  103. ↑ JTWC TS 10W Advisory 1 . JTWC. Retrieved on August 6, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  104. ↑ JMA WWJP25 Advisory 06-08-08 18z . JMA. Retrieved on August 6, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  105. ↑ JMA Advisory 05-08-08 00z . JMA. Archived from the original on August 5, 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  106. ↑ PAGASA Advisory 3 ( English ) PAGASA. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  107. ↑ JTWC TS 10W Advisory 3 . JTWC. Retrieved on August 6, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  108. ↑ JMA Advisory 06-08-08 00z . JMA. Archived from the original on August 6, 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  109. ↑ JTWC Prognostic Reasoning 11 . Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved on August 6, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  110. ↑ JMA Advisory 06-08-08 12z . JMA. Archived from the original on August 6, 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  111. ↑ JTWC Advisory 12 . JTWC. Retrieved on August 6, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  112. ↑ JMA Advisory 07-08-08 21z . JMA. Archived from the original on August 8, 2008. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  113. ↑ JMA Advisory 09-08-08 18z ( English ) JMA. Archived from the original on August 9, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
  114. ↑ JMA Advisory 10-08-08 06Z ( English ) JMA. Archived from the original on August 10, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
  115. ↑ JMA Advisory 10-08-08 18Z ( English ) JMA. Archived from the original on August 12, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
  116. ↑ JMA Advisory 11-08-08 06Z ( English ) JMA. Archived from the original on August 11, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
  117. ↑ http://twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu/text/station/RJTD/AXPQ20.RJTD ( Memento from September 27, 2008 on WebCite )
  118. ↑ JMA Advisory 12-08-08 00z . JMA. Retrieved on August 12, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  119. ↑ JTWC TD 11W Advisory 1 . JTWC. Retrieved on August 13, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  120. ↑ JTWC TD 11W Advisory 5 . JTWC. Retrieved on August 14, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  121. ↑ JTWC TD 11W Advisory 7 ( English ) JTWC. Retrieved on August 14, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  122. ↑ JMA Advisory 15-08-08 06z ( English ) JMA. Retrieved on August 15, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  123. ↑ JMA Advisory 14-08-08 18Z ( English ) JMA. Accessed on August 17, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  124. ↑ JTWC TS12W Advisory 1 ( English ) JTWC. Accessed on August 17, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  125. ↑ JMA Advisory 15-08-08 06Z ( English ) JMA. Archived from the original on August 15, 2008. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
  126. ↑ JTWC TS12W Advisory 9 ( English ) JTWC. Accessed on August 17, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  127. ↑ JMA Advisory 17-08-08 06Z ( English ) JMA. Archived from the original on August 17, 2008. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
  128. ↑ JTWC TY13W Advisory 1 . JTWC. Accessed on August 17, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  129. ↑ JMA Advisory 18-08-08 00z . JMA. Archived from the original on August 18, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
  130. ↑ http://www.news.ch/Tropensturm+Nuri+reisst+in+Suedchina+drei+Menschen+in+den+Tod/317760/detail.htm
  131. ↑ JMA Advisory 18-08-08 12z . JMA. Archived from the original on August 18, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
  132. ↑ JTWC TY13W Advisory 7 . JTWC. Retrieved on August 18, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  133. ↑ PAGASA Advisory 18-08-08 21z . PAGASA. Archived from the original on August 18, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
  134. ↑ NDCC Sitrep 6 (PDF) NDCC. Archived from the original on September 10, 2008. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 21, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / 210.185.184.53
  135. ↑ ABPW10 PGTW 25-08-08 0130 ( English ) JTWC. Retrieved on August 25, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  136. ↑ PAGASA Advisory 25-08-08 09z ( English ) PAGASA. Archived from the original on August 25, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
  137. ↑ JMA Advisory 26-08-08 00z ( English ) JMA. Retrieved on August 26, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  138. ↑ TCFA 26-08-08 01z ( English ) JTWC. Retrieved on August 26, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  139. ↑ PAGASA Advisory 26-08-08 03z ( English ) PAGASA. Archived from the original on August 26, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  140. ↑ JMA Advisory 26-08-08 12z ( English ) JMA. Archived from the original on August 26, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  141. ↑ JTWC Advisory 26-08-08 15z ( English ) JTWC. Retrieved on August 26, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  142. ↑ JTWC Advisory 27-08-08 03z ( English ) JTWC. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
  143. ↑ PAGASA Advisory 27-08-08 03z ( English ) PAGASA. Archived from the original on August 27, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
  144. ↑ JMA Advisory 27-08-08 03z ( English ) JMA. Archived from the original on August 27, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
  145. ↑ JTWC Advisory 27-08-08 09z . JTWC. Archived from the original on August 27, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
  146. ↑ JMA Advisory 27-08-08 12z . JMA. Archived from the original on August 27, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
  147. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Tokyo/2008090912.RJTD  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  148. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008091003-WTPN.PGTW  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  149. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008091015-WTPN.PGTW  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  150. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008091021-WTPN.PGTW  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  151. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008091109-WTPN.PGTW  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  152. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2008091121-WTPN.PGTW  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  153. ↑ WWJP25 13-09-08 00z . JMA. Retrieved on September 14, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  154. ↑ a b JTWC Advisory 14-09-08 03z . JTWC. Retrieved on September 14, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  155. ^ NRL: JTWC Best Track 19W (TXT) Navy Research Laboratory. 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
  156. ↑ http://www.thanhniennews.com/society/?catid=3&newsid=42520
  157. ↑ http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/234899,typhoon-mekkhala-leaves-three-dead-in-vietnam.html
  158. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Tokyo/2008101300.RJTD  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  159. ↑ ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Tokyo/2008101400.RJTD  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  160. ↑ 94W-Invest Best Track . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on November 9, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  161. ↑ Tropical Weather Outlook 07-11-08 06z . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on November 7, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  162. ↑ a b PAGASA Advisory 07-11-08 21z . Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Archived from the original on November 7, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  163. ↑ a b PAGASA Advisory 08-11-08 21z . Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . November 8, 2008. Archived from the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved on November 9, 2008.
  164. ↑ PAGASA Advisory 09-11-08 03z ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Archived from the original on November 9, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  165. ↑ Tropical Weather Outlook 09-11-08 06z . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on November 9, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  166. ↑ http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt ( Memento from December 8, 2008 on WebCite )
  167. ^ Jeff Powell: Tropical Storm Kika Tropical Cyclone Report ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center . November 30, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
  168. ^ Typhoon Committee adopt new typhoon name ( English ) China Meteorological Administration . Archived from the original on December 8, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  169. ↑ Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names ( English ) PAGASA. January 7, 2008. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. Retrieved on April 20, 2008.
  170. ^ Typhoon 2000: The Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names ( English ) 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  171. ↑ ABS-CBN: PAGASA sees 16 more typhoons to hit RP till Dec ( English ) ABS-CBN. Archived from the original on July 16, 2008. Retrieved January 30, 2011.