Australian cyclone season 2008-2009

Australian cyclone season 2008-2009

All the storms of the season
Formation of the first storm	November 18, 2008
Dissolution of the last storm	April 28, 2009
Strongest storm	Hamish - 925  hPa  ( mbar ), 115  kn  (215  km / h )  (10 minutes)
Tropical lows	23
Tropical cyclones	11
Tropical cyclones	3
Total number of victims	4 direct, 1 indirect
Total damage	$ 103.3 million   (2008)
Australian cyclone seasons 2006-07 , 2007-08 , 2008-09 , 2009-10 , 2010-11

Bureau of Meteorology
Intensity of Tropical Cyclones

category	wind constantly	Gusts
Tropical low	<34 kn <63 km / h	-
one	34-47 kn 63-87 km / h	<66 kn <122 km / h
Two	48-63 kn 88-142 km / h	67-90 kn 122-167 km / h
Three	64-85 kn 143-158 km / h	91-121 kn 167-224 km / h
Four	86-110 kn 159-204 km / h	122-150 kn 205-278 km / h
five	> 111 kn 205 km / h	> 151 kn > 279 km / h

The 2008-2009 Australian cyclone season officially began on November 1, 2008 and lasted through April 30, 2009 . The operational plan of the World Meteorological Organization also provides for a “tropical cyclone year” for the waters in the southern hemisphere . This began on July 1, 2008 and will end on June 30, 2009.

The Australian cyclone season includes storms that form south of the equator between 90th and 160th degrees east. These include Australia , Papua New Guinea , the western part of the Solomon Islands , East Timor and the southern areas of Indonesia . Tropical cyclones in this area are monitored by five Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers (TCWCs): the Bureau of Meteorology in Perth , Darwin and Brisbane , Australia; the TCWC Djakarta in Indonesia and the TCWC Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea.

The Joint Typhoon Warning Center issues unofficial warnings for this region for U.S. facilities. The extension "S" is used if the storm forms west of 135 ° east longitude and a "P" if this happens east of this line.

Season forecasts

The Tropical Cyclone Warning Center in Perth announced on October 20 that it anticipates five to seven tropical cyclones in its area of ​​responsibility. It was assumed that at least two cyclones would hit the coast and that the risk of a tropical cyclone before Christmas would be greater than usual. The risk of a severe tropical cyclone striking the northwest coast of Australia was rated as "significant" .

The TCWC in Darwin predicted on the day that the 2008-2009 season in the Northern Territory would be "above average" . In an average season, two or three cyclones form in this area of ​​responsibility, which includes the Carpentaria Gulf . TCWC Darwin assumed that a severe tropical cyclone will form and that a cyclone will form in the Timor Sea before Christmas. On January 30th, the Tropical Cyclone Warning Center in Perth announced an updated forecast that assumed at least three more tropical cyclones by the end of the 2009 cyclone season in the area of ​​responsibility of the TCWC Perth.

The TCWC in Brisbane also assumed an above-average season for Queensland . Since 1980, the general climate pattern in the three months leading up to the start of the cyclone season has been similar to August through October, and each time a Category 2 or 3 cyclone made its way across the mainland from the Coral Sea for the following season .

As early as September 26, the New Zealand National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research issued a seasonal forecast for the southern Pacific Ocean east of the 150th degree east. The institute predicted an average season for the cyclone year 2008–2009, which means that a total of eight to ten tropical cyclones with wind speeds of over 35 knots would form east of Australia  .

Storms

Tropical cyclone Anika

Tropical Category 2 Cyclone ( BoM )
Tropical storm
Duration	November 18 - November 22
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 990 hPa

On the western edge of the observation area of ​​the TCWC Djakarta a weather disturbance formed, which was classified as tropical low pressure area 01J on November 18th . South of latitude 10 ° south, the system intensified into a cyclone, and the TCWC Perth named the storm Anika. On November 20, the cyclone was upgraded to the second category about 400 km southwest of Christmas Island . As such, the storm reached its peak intensity with wind speeds of 95 km / h and an air pressure of 984 hPa. The system passed the Cocos Islands in an east-southeast direction and the cyclone warnings were revoked. Later on November 20, the cyclone weakened and due to cooler water and stronger wind shear, Annika dissolved over the open sea on November 22.

Tropical low 02U (Bernard)

Tropical low ( BoM )
Tropical depression
Duration	November 21st - November 22nd
intensity	20 kn (35 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 998 hPa

On November 15, a low pressure area formed in the area of ​​responsibility of Météo-France in the south-western Indian Ocean, which intensified until November 20 to moderate tropical storm Bernard . The system weakened due to unfavorable conditions. The remaining low of the storm moved eastward over 90 degrees east longitude and was classified as a tropical low by the TCWC in Perth. In the course of the day, however, the system dissolved.

Heavy Tropical Cyclone Billy

Tropical Category 4 Cyclone ( BoM )
Category 3 cyclone
Duration	December 17th - December 28th
intensity	95 kn (175 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 950 hPa

On December 17, a depression formed in the Arafura Sea northwest of Darwin in the Northern Territory . It migrated very slowly into the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf . On the night of December 18, the system intensified into a Category 1 cyclone and was named Billy . On December 20, Billy came overland as a Category 2 cyclone about 40 miles north of Wyndham . Then Billy weakened to the tropical low and slowly migrated to the southwest. The system broke off the coast north of Kuri Bay and re-emerged as a tropical cyclone on December 22nd as the storm slowly turned north-northeast. On late December 24th, Billy began a rapid intensification and reached Category 4 by early December 25th. During the day, Billy weakened to Category 3 and moved away from the mainland. The storm continued to weaken, becoming a Category 1 cyclone on December 27 and a tropical low on December 28. During the day the TCWC stopped the storm warnings.

Two remote Aboriginal settlements, Kulumburu and Oombulgurri, were cut off from the road network by flash floods caused by Billy, and the landing strips were unusable.

Tropical low 04U

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	December 21st - December 24th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1000 hPa

On December 20, a tropical depression formed in the Carpentaria Gulf , 1000 km east of Darwin in the Northern Territory, which migrated westward and dissolved over the mainland on December 24 without having achieved cyclone status. The next day, the Bureau of Meteorology in Darwin classified it as a tropical low. Band structures formed on the southern edge of the system, and since Tief came under the influence of an anticyclone, the TCWC expected further intensification. At 5:26 a.m. local time on December 23, the low at Port Roper came overland, preventing further development. About 36 hours after landfall, the Bureau of Meteorology declared the system over land to be disbanded.

Tropical low 05U

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	December 23rd - December 28th
intensity	20 kn (35 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1003 hPa

On December 23, the TCWC in Brisbane determined that a weak tropical low had formed in the Solomon Sea, about 1,330 km / s northeast of Cairns . Over the next few days the system slowly moved southwest into the Coral Sea .

Tropical cyclone Charlotte

Tropical Category 1 Cyclone ( BoM )
Tropical storm
Duration	January 8th - January 12th
intensity	45 kn (85 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 987 hPa

On January 8, the TCWC Darwin classified a tropical depression in the southern Carpentaria Gulf. The next day, the TCWC Brisbane issued a storm warning for the coastal towns between Aurukun on the Cape York Peninsula and the border between the Northern Territory and Queensland . On January 11th, the tropical low intensified to become Tropical Cyclone Charlotte. This moved southeast and crossed the coast to Queensland near the mouth of the Gilbert River on January 12 at 4:00 a.m. local time (6:00 p.m. UTC on January 11) with peak gusts of 120 km / h.

Heavy rains, which accumulated up to 150 mm of precipitation, caused the flooding of at least a hundred in low-lying areas of the Cape York Peninsula, such as Babinda , Mt.Sophia and Normanton, and flooded the road to Karumba . The storms are 15 million US dollars estimated.

Tropical cyclone Dominic

Tropical Category 2 Cyclone ( BoM )
Tropical storm
Duration	January 22nd - January 27th
intensity	55 kn (100 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 976 hPa

On January 22nd, TCWC Perth determined that tropical low 08U had formed over land north of Broome , Western Australia. On January 25, the TCWC issued a warning of a tropical cyclone for the coast of Western Australia between Wickham and Exmouth . The system intensified and was upgraded to Tropical Cyclone Dominic on January 26th. A few hours later, Dominic intensified to a Category 2 cyclone on the Australian scale and reached this strength overland at Onslow around 7:00 a.m. local time . Over the course of the day, the cyclone weakened rapidly overland.

While preparing for the storm, a worker was killed while dismantling a crane in Port Hedland . The damage in the city was minor. The wind reached gusts of more than 130 km / h and the precipitation totaled 238 mm.

Tropical low 08U

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	January 25th - January 26th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1000 hPa

On January 21st, a tropical disturbance with weak soil circulation and disorganized convection formed 360 km north-northwest of the Cocos Islands in the central Indian Ocean . The system was located within an area with strong vertical wind shear, so the conditions for intensification were unfavorable. The fault moved east and was classified as a strong tropical low 08U on January 25th by the TCWC Perth. The next day, the system migrated westward beyond the 90th degree east, out of the BoM's area of ​​responsibility. Meanwhile, the JTWC reported the dissolution of the system.

Tropical low 09U

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	January 28th - January 30th
intensity	25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1001 hPa

A tropical low formed in the Carpentaria Gulf on January 28th. The system moved across the mainland of the Northern Territory and disbanded on January 30th.

Tropical cyclone Ellie

Tropical Category 1 Cyclone ( BoM )
Tropical storm
Duration	January 30th - February 4th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 989 hPa

Early on January 30th, the TCWC in Brisbane determined that a tropical low had formed inside a monsoon trough. The JTWC reported during the day that multispectral images showed the beginning of a circulation on the ground in connection with deep clothing in the western quadrant. Late the next day, the Bureau of Meteorology reported the intensification of the system into a tropical cyclone and gave it the name Ellie . With continuous ten-minute winds of 75 km / h, Ellie was a Category 1 cyclone on the Australian intensity scale for tropical cyclones. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center, which had assigned the designation 12P to the system , detected wind speeds of 75 km / h for one minute and classified the storm as a tropical storm on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale . Ellie's landfall occurred on February 3 at approximately 12:00 a.m. AEST (February 2, 2:00 p.m. UTC ) near Mission Beach in Category 1. Over land, Ellie quickly weakened to a tropical low. The TCWC Brisbane expected that the Tropical Deep ex-Ellie would cross the water of the Coral Sea within 24-36 hours and then develop into a tropical cyclone again as the system moved into the southeastern Carpentaria Gulf. Torrential rains from the remnants of the cyclone led to flooding in the north of Queensland, which damage amounting to about 110 million Australian dollars (US $ approximately 70.7 million in 2009) emerged. In Ingham, between Cairns and Townsville , around fifty houses were flooded and 32 people were evacuated.

Tropical cyclone Freddy

Tropical Category 1 Cyclone ( BoM )
Tropical storm
Duration	February 2 - February 19
intensity	45 kn (85 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 992 hPa

On February 2, the TCWC Perth determined that a tropical low had formed in the monsoon channel over Kimberly . On February 3rd at 3:45 am WDT, the BoM in Perth issued a cyclone warning for the coast between Kalumburu and Broome. The storm intensified, reached wind speeds of 75 km / h and moved west. On February 5, the system was about 500 km northwest of Port Hedland , Western Australia and migrated out into the open Indian Ocean without endangering mainland Australia any further. The outer rainbands generated heavy rainfall in Indonesia. A landslide caused in this way killed two people.

Tropical low 12U

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	February 5th - February 7th
intensity	25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1003 hPa

On February 5, a tropical low formed in the monsoon channel over the far north of Queensland. This slowly migrated into the Coral Sea and initially intensified slowly, but then weakened and dissolved on February 7th.

Tropical low 13U

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	February 13th - February 16th
intensity	25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 998 hPa

On February 13, the responsible TCWC reported a tropical low in the monsoon zone northeast of Port Hedland . The system was in an unfavorable environment. As a result, it did not develop any further and dissolved on February 16.

Tropical low 14U (Innis)

Tropical low ( BoM )
Tropical storm
Duration	February 18 - February 18
intensity	25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

On February 18, the extra-tropical residual low from cyclone Innis migrated to the Australian region, which is why the TCWC in Brisbane assigned the designation 14U to the system. However, since the system was expected to migrate back to the South Pacific region within 24 hours , responsibility remained with the TCWC in Wellington . During the day, Ex-Innis moved back to the South Pacific .

Tropical low 15U (Hina)

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	February 25th - February 28th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 996 hPa

On February 25, the TCWC in Darwin reported a tropical low developing within the monsoon trough west of Darwin , Northern Territory . The next day, JTWC Perth began issuing storm warnings and preparedness for the Pilbara coast. The low crossed the coastline at Port Hedland without intensifying into a tropical cyclone.

The system dumped over 110 mm of precipitation along the Pilbara coast in some cases, which is why flood warnings were issued for certain river sections and in some cases lighter floods were recorded.

Tropical low Gabrielle

Tropical low ( BoM )
Tropical storm
Duration	March 1st - March 5th
intensity	35 kn (65 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 998 hPa

Gabrielle emerged from a rapidly developing depression. The storm moved southeast and weakened again. After changing direction from south to southwest, the system slowly intensified again and was classified as a tropical cyclone. With an anticyclone developing south of the system, the Bureau of Meteorology expected further intensification before Gabrielle would dissolve over cooler water. However, an unexpected turn to the west led to the dissolution of the system.

In the post-analysis, the Bureau of Meteorology stated that Gabrielle winds in hurricane force had only one quadrant of the system and therefore do not qualify as a tropical cyclone fulfilled by the Australian definitions. These require that the wind speed reach hurricane strength at least in a semicircle.

Severe tropical cyclone Hamish

Tropical Category 5 Cyclone ( BoM )
Category 4 cyclone
Duration	March 4th - March 11th
intensity	115 kn (215 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 925 hPa

On March 4, a weak tropical low developed in a trough over the northwestern Coral Sea and slowly migrated to the southeast. Despite its proximity to the mainland of northern Queensland , the system intensified and at 11:00 p.m. Eastern Australian time, the Bureau of Meteorology in Brisbane announced that the low had developed into Tropical Cyclone Hamish and that convective bands had started to form. Twelve hours later, the cyclone was upgraded to the second category on the Australian intensity scale. Another twelve hours later the cyclone had intensified again. The BoM category 3 severe tropical cyclone had now developed a well-defined eye and was beginning to affect northeast Queensland. The storm moved more or less parallel to the east coast of Australia for a substantial part of its existence. On March 7, the storm center was around 230 kilometers from Cairns . Within twenty-four hours, Hamish gained strength and became the first tropical cyclone since Cyclone George to reach the fifth category on the Australian intensity scale. At this point the storm was closest to Hayman Island .

On March 8, the severe tropical cyclone Hamish weakened to Category 4. The forecasts assumed that the cyclone would cross the coastline at Bundaberg at this strength , but the Bureau of Meteorology then changed its forecast to mean that Hamish would cross the coast just roam and slowly move further southeast. A fishing cutter with four people on board got into distress and sent emergency signals. The rescue measures were made more difficult by Hamish and finally canceled. The cutter was later found and a seaman was saved. Hamish continued to weaken, reaching only Category 2 at 7:00 am local time (9:00 pm UTC) on March 11, at which point the storm became almost stationary and was gradually turning to a northwest direction. During the day, the Bureau of Meteorology declared Hamish to be extra-tropical and downgraded it to an extra-tropical low.

Severe tropical cyclone Ilsa

Tropical Category 4 Cyclone ( BoM )
Category 3 cyclone
Duration	March 12th - March 27th
intensity	90 kn (165 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 958 hPa

On March 12, the TCWC in Darwin identified a weak tropical low in the Arafura Sea and the TCWC in Perth began issuing warnings to shipping traffic. Late on March 17, the system intensified to the tropical cyclone Ilsa, which became a severe tropical cyclone on March 18 and, contrary to predictions, reached the fourth category on the Australian scale the next day. The slowdown set in shortly thereafter and on March 20, Ilsa weakened to Category 3 and on March 22nd to Category 2. On March 24th, Ilsa had weakened to a tropical low and issuing storm warnings ceased.

Tropical low 19U

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	March 16 - March 20
intensity	25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 999 hPa

On March 16, the TCWC identified a shallow low in Brisbane that developed from the remnants of Hamish at latitude 13 ° south and longitude 158 ° east in the Coral Sea. On March 22nd, the Bureau of Meteorology classified the system as a tropical low. The conditions for further development were unfavorable in the following days and the system quickly disintegrated on March 20th.

The system formed in the same area as cyclone Hamish a few weeks earlier, so that the authorities on the Sunshine Coast feared another cyclone. Such a storm would also hamper clean-up operations after the oil spill caused by the damage to a freighter during Cyclone Hamish.

Tropical cyclone Jasper

Tropical Category 2 Cyclone ( BoM )
Tropical storm
Duration	March 23 - March 24 (east of 160 ° east)
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 980 hPa

On March 23, a new low pressure system was formed from the remaining low of the tropical low 19U and the foothills of the monsoon channel. These quickly consolidated to a tropical low and on March 24th the system in the eastern Coral Sea developed into Tropical Cyclone Jasper. Jasper intensified quickly and reached the second category on the Australian cyclone scale, but migrated, weakening, eastward into the area of ​​responsibility of the RSMC in Nadi.

Tropical Low 21U

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	March 27th - March 31st
intensity	25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1002 hPa

On March 27, a tropical depression formed in the Arafura Sea, which slowly drifted northward into the Banda Sea over the next few days , where it slowly began to intensify. The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert , which was withdrawn on March 31 due to the lack of Coriolis effect, dry air and the impact of land. During the course of the day, the TCWC in Darwin stopped the warnings about the system.

Tropical low 22U

Tropical low ( BoM )
Duration	April 19 - April 20
intensity	20 kn (35 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1005 hPa

On April 19, the TCWC in Darwin reported the formation of a weak tropical depression in the Arafura Sea . This could not intensify any further and dissolved the next day.

Tropical cyclone Kirrily

Tropical Category 1 Cyclone ( BoM )
Tropical storm
Duration	April 25th - April 28th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 998 hPa

On April 25, the TCWC in Darwin reported the formation of a weak tropical depression in the Arafura Sea. Over the next two days, the system slowly intensified, drifting first in a south-easterly direction, then slowly turning north-east and finally north-west and pulling into the eastern Timor Sea . The Joint Typhoon Warning Center classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 27S on April 27, and a few hours later TCWC Darwin classified the System 23U as Tropical Cyclone Kirrily in Category 1 according to the Australian Sklaa. Before the end of the day, Kirrily crossed the Aru Islands . The influence of the country led to the weakening of the storm, so that both the JTWC and the Bureau of Meteorology downgraded the cyclone to a low pressure area. On April 27, the Kirrily low was able to intensify briefly again, but dissolved the following day.

Season overview

Storm names

The various Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers give names to storms that form in their respective areas of responsibility. The storms keep their name as they move from one jurisdiction to another. However, storms that are under the responsibility of Météo-France on Réunion will be renamed there. Storms that come from there into the area of ​​responsibility of the TCWC in Perth keep the name given in the south-western Indian Ocean. On the following lists of names, names that have not yet been assigned in this cyclone season are shown in light gray .

TCWC Djakarta

The TCWC in Djakarta observes tropical cyclones that form between the equator and 10 ° south latitude and between 90 ° and 125 ° east longitude. Special storm warnings are being issued in this area by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology . Should a tropical cyclone form within this area of ​​responsibility, the TCWC Djakarta will assign a name from the following list; the next name to be given is Anggrek.

Anggrek Bakung Cempaka Dahlia Flamboyan

Kenanga Lili Mawar Seroja Teratai

TCWC Port Moresby

Tropical cyclones that form between 10 ° south and the equator and between 141 ° and 160 ° east are given names by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Center in Port Moresby , Papua New Guinea . The formation of tropical cyclones in this area is rare; during the 2007-2008 season there was only one storm, cyclone Guba. The following list names the names given by the TCWC in Port Moresby. It is unclear what the next name will be given.

Alu Buri Dodo Emau Fere

Hibu Ila Kama Lobu Maila

TCWCs in Perth, Darwin and Brisbane

From the start of the 2008-2009 cyclone season, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology only used a single list of names, but still operates three TCWCs, in Perth , Darwin and Brisbane . These monitor all tropical cyclones that form between 90 ° and 160 ° east longitude and issue special warnings if cyclones arise in the area of ​​responsibility of the TCWCs in Djakartas or Port Moresby's. The first name that was given was Anika.

	Anika	Anthony	Alessia	Alfred	Ann
	Billy	Bianca	Bruce	Blanche	Blake
	Charlotte	Carlos	Christine	Caleb	Claudia
	Dominic	Dianne	Dylan	Debbie	Damien
	Ellie	Errol	Edna	Ernie	Esther
	Freddy	Fina	Fletcher	Frances	Ferdinand
	Gabrielle	Grant	Gillian	Greg	Gretel
	Hamish	Heidi	Hadi	Hilda	Harold
	Ilsa	Iggy	Ita	Ira	Imogen
	Jasper	Jasmine	Jack	Joyce	Joshua
	Kirrily	Koji	Kate	Kelvin	Kimi
	Laurence	Lua	Lam	Linda	Lucas
	Magda	Mitchell	Marcia	Marcus	Marian
	Neville	Narelle	Nathan	Nora	Noah
	Olga	Oswald	Olwyn	Owen	Odette
	Paul	Peta	Quang	penny	Paddy
	Robyn	Rusty	Raquel	Riley	Ruby
	Sean	Sandra	Stan	Savannah	Seth
	Tasha	Tim	Tatiana	Trevor	Tiffany
	Vince	Victoria	Uriah	Veronica	Vernon
	Zelia	Zane	Yvette	Wallace	-

See also

• Atlantic hurricane seasons: 2008 , 2009
• Pacific hurricane season: 2008 , 2009
• Pacific Typhoon Seasons: 2008 , 2009
• North Indian cyclone seasons: 2008 , 2009
• Cyclone season in the Southwest Indicator 2008–2009
• South Pacific cyclone season 2008–2009

Web links

• Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)
• Bureau of Meteorology (TCWCs Perth, Darwin and Brisbane)
• Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Jakarta
• World Meteorological Organization

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Tropical Cyclone Operational plan for the South Pacific & Southeast Indian Ocean ( English , PDF; 1.7 MB) World Meteorological Organization . Retrieved November 8, 2008.
2. ^ ^{A b} Outlook for tropical cyclone season for North West Australia ( English ) TCWC Perth. October 20, 2008. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved on November 8, 2008.
3. ^ Tropical Cyclone Seasonal Outlook for the Northern Region ( English ) TCWC Darwin. October 20, 2008. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved October 21, 2008.
4. ^ Outlook for tropical cyclone season for North West Australia Updated Season Outlook tips more cyclone activity in the Northwest . Bureau of Meteorology. January 30, 2009. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
5. ^ Average risk of tropical cyclones across the South Pacific ( English ) National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research. September 26, 2008. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved October 21, 2008.
6. ^ Narelle Towie: Cyclone warning for Cocos Islands ( English ) Sunday Times (Perth Now). November 19, 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2009.
7. ^ Cyclone Anika Advice Number 5 ( English ) Australian Bureau of Meteorology. November 19, 2008. Archived from the original on November 18, 2008. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
8. ^ ^{A b} Western Australian Regional Office: Preliminary Tropical Cyclone Report for Tropical Cyclone Anika ( English ) Bureau of Meteorology. 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
9. ^ Cyclone Anika Advice Number 10 ( English ) Australian Bureau of Meteorology. November 20, 2008. Archived from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved in 2009-0323.
10. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 15-11-2008 00Z ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on November 15, 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
11. ↑ Tropical cyclone warning 20-11-2008 12z ( English ) Météo-France. Archived from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
12. ↑ Tropical cyclone warning 20-11-2008 18z ( English ) Météo-France. Archived from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
13. ↑ Updated High Seas Forecast for Metarea 10/11 ( English ) Bureau of Meteorology . November 20, 2008. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
14. ^ TCWC Perth's final advisory on Billy ( English ) TCWC Perth. 2008-28-12. Archived from the original on December 28, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
15. ^ Cyclone Billy expected to intensify (English) , The Age . December 21, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2009. 
16. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 20, 2008. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
17. ^ Tropical Cyclone Outlook for December 21, 2008 ( English ) Australian Bureau of Meteorology. December 21, 2008. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
18. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans . Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 21, 2008. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
19. ^ Severe Weather Warning ( English ) Australian Bureau of Meteorology. December 23, 2008. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
20. ^ Cancellation of Severe Weather Warning ( English ) Bureau of Meteorology. December 24, 2008. Archived from the original on December 24, 2008. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
21. ^ Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Coral Sea 23-12-08 05z ( English ) Bureau of Meteorology . Retrieved December 26, 2008.
22. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Coral Sea 26-12-08 05z ( English ) Bureau of Meteorology . Retrieved December 26, 2008.
23. ↑ Cyclone floods 100 homes (English) , Brisbane Times . January 12, 2009. Retrieved November 11, 2010. 
24. ↑ Homes flooded as Charlotte edges across Cape York ( English ) ABC News Australia. January 12, 2009. Archived from the original on January 12, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
25. ↑ Angela Macdonald-Smith, Rebecca Keenan: Tropical Storm Brings Gales, Rain to North Queensland (Update2) ( English ) Bloomberg LP . January 12, 2009. Archived from the original on January 12, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
26. ↑ Rainfall, flooding as Cyclone Dominic moves further inland (English) . In: ABC News , Australian Broadcasting Corporation, January 27, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2009. 
27. ↑ Cyclone Dominic savages Onslow as it crosses coast (English) . In: News Limited , Perth Now, January 27, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2009. 
28. ↑ Crane worker in this cyclone preparation (English) , Sydney Morning Herald . January 26, 2009. Retrieved January 27, 2009. 
29. ^ Clean up begins after Cyclone Dominic batters town (English) , WA Today . January 27, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2009. 
30. ↑ JTWC ABIO10 21-01-09 18z ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . January 21, 2009. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved on January 27, 2009.
31. ^ Tropical Weather Outlook: Western Australia 25-01-09 . Bureau of Meteorology . January 25, 2009. Archived from the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
32. ↑ JTWC ABIO10 21-01-09 18z . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . January 21, 2009. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved on January 27, 2009.
33. ↑ webcitation.org ( Memento from January 28, 2009 on WebCite )
34. ^ High Seas Weather Warning for Metarea 10 issued by the Bureau of Meteorology ( English ) Bureau of Meteorology . January 29, 2009. Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
35. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . January 30, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved on February 1, 2009.
36. ^ ^{A b} Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin: Australia- Eastern Region ( English ) Bureau of Meteorology . January 31, 2009. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
37. ↑ Tropical Cyclone 12 P. Ellie ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. February 1, 2009. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
38. ↑ ^{a b} Cyclone Ellie crosses Qld coast (English) . In: Australian Broadcasting Corporation , ABC News, February 1, 2009. 
39. ^ Another potential cyclone brewing off Cairns (English) , Brisbane Times . February 4, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2009. 
40. ↑ TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 4 ( English ) TCWC Perth. February 3, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
41. ↑ TROPICAL CYCLONE INFORMATION BULLETIN ( English ) TCWC Perth. February 5, 2009. Accessed February 5, 2009. The system became continuously weaker.
42. ↑ straitstimes.com
43. ↑ Staff Writer: Pilbara region cops a downpour as tropical low unloads on Western Australia ( English ) Herald Sun . March 1, 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
44. ^ Cyclone Hamish now Category Four (English) , Sky News. March 7, 2009. Archived from the original on September 11, 2018 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .  
45. ^ AAP: Fears for trawler crew in cyclone area ( English ) The Australian . March 9, 2009. Archived from the original on March 12, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 23, 2009. 
46. ↑ webcitation.org ( Memento from March 12, 2009 on WebCite )
47. ^ Anne-Louise Brown: Keep cyclones away, SES urges . Sunshine Coast Daily . March 18, 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
48. ^ Tropical Cyclone names ( English ) World Meteorological Organization . Retrieved September 4, 2008.
49. ↑ Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary October ( English ) Gary Padgett. November 2008. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
50. ^ Tropical Cyclone Names ( English ) Bureau of Meteorology . Retrieved August 8, 2008.