Pacific typhoon season 2011

Pacific typhoon season 2011

All the storms of the season
Formation of the first storm	April 1st
Dissolution of the last storm	January 1, 2012
Strongest storm	Songda - 920  hPa  ( mbar ), 105  kn  (195  km / h )  (10 minutes)
Tropical lows	40
Storms	21st
Typhoons	8th
Super Typhoons (JTWC)	4 (unofficial)
Total number of victims	1800 total
Total damage	~ $ 4.905 billion   (2011)
Pacific typhoon seasons 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013

The 2011 Pacific typhoon season was an ongoing weather event that summarized the tropical cyclones that formed throughout the calendar year . Most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific Ocean west of the date line and north of the equator, however, between May and November. Such tropical cyclones are called typhoons . The storms forming east of the 180th degree of longitude are the subject of the 2011 Pacific hurricane season .

Within the northwestern Pacific, there are two meteorological organizations that give names to storms. As a result, the same storm is often given two different names. The official designation by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is given to a tropical storm as soon as it reaches ten-minute wind speeds of 35 knots (around 65 km / h) anywhere in the northwestern Pacific  . The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), on the other hand, assigns names to tropical low pressure areas that develop within the national area of ​​responsibility or move there; this area of ​​responsibility is roughly defined between 115 ° and 135 ° east longitude and between 5 ° and 25 ° north latitude. PAGASA assigns a local name even if the system has already been named by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that from the US Joint Typhoon Warning Center are observed, get a number with the suffix W .

Season forecasts

source	date	Total number
		Cyclones	Storms	Typhoons	intense typhoons
GCACIC	Average (1950–2000)	31	27	17th	-
TSR	Average (1965-2010)	-	26.3	16.4	8.5
TSR	March 8, 2011	-	27.8	17.5	7.8
TSR	May 5, 2011	-	28.0	17.7	7.6
GCACIC	May 9, 2011	31	27	16	-
JMA	Actual activity	15th	7th	2	1
JTWC	Actual activity	11	6th	2	1

During the season, the meteorological organizations and research institutes publish forecasts of how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms and typhoons will form during the season, and the national meteorological organizations make forecasts of how many cyclones will hit a neighboring country.

City University of Hong Kong

Since the typhoon season 2000 , the Laboratory for Atmospheric Research or the Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Center (GCACIC), both institutions at the City University of Hong Kong (CityUHK), have published predictions about tropical activity in the coming typhoon season. In the May 2011 forecast, the GCACIC predicted 31 tropical systems for the western North Pacific, 27 of which would develop into tropical storms and 17 into typhoons.

For the Korean Peninsula and Japan , the GCACIC predicted that six instead of the average four tropical systems would get closer than 100 km to the coasts of Japan or Korea. For southern China , the institute forecast seven such systems, up from the average of 5. It was also forecast that five of the forecast systems would fall between May and August and the rest between September and December.

Tropical Storm Risk Consortium

Since the typhoon season 2000, the Tropical Storm Risk Consortium (TSR) at the University College of London has been issuing forecasts of the expected activity for the coming typhoon season. For 2010, these forecasts were announced in early March, May, July and August. They include information about how many tropical storms, typhoons, and intense typhoons could form during the season. In the forecasts published in March and May, the TSR unanimously assumed an almost average typhoon season with 28 tropical storms and 18 typhoons and eight intense typhoons.

Forecasts from the national weather services

On January 17, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) announced that they anticipated 20 to 22 tropical cyclone systems in their area of ​​responsibility. The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) said tropical systems that affect on 23 March 6 to 9 Hong Kong ahead. The Thai Meteorological Department announced on April 26th that it believed two tropical storms would affect Thailand in 2011, one of which will pass through Vietnam in August or September and affect the north of the country and the other will hit southern Thailand in October or November could.

Storms

Tropical Depression 01W

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical depression
Duration	April 1st - April 4th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

On April 1, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began observing a low pressure area associated with discontinuous convection over the South China Sea , about 535 km east-southeast of Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam . The JMA immediately declared the system to be a tropical depression, the first of the 2011 typhoon season. After further development , especially the formation of convective bands around the circulation center near the ground, the JTWC alerted that a tropical cyclone was imminent. Early on April 2, the US Navy meteorologists in Honolulu classified the 01W system as a tropical depression. However, within a few hours it became apparent that the system lost its convection because wind shear acted on the low pressure area, so that this almost stationary system could not intensify any further. The next day the system could not build up convection either, and the JTWC issued the final warning because the system had degenerated into a residual low. The JMA continued monitoring the system for one more day and released the final status report on the depression on April 4th.

Tropical Depression 02W (Amang)

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical depression
Duration	April 3 - April 6
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1000 hPa

On March 30, the JMA began observing a low pressure area southwest of Yap . On April 2, the system developed near-surface circulation, but the convection of the system remained disorganized. However, since the system had a well-organized outflow and was moving in a region with only weak wind shear , a development into a tropical depression was to be expected as the system moved further in a west-northwest direction. After the system was stationary for a brief period early on April 3, the system turned east. The JMA was of the opinion at the time that the system was sufficiently organized to be classified as a tropical depression. Because the system was west of the 135th degree east longitude, PAGASA also started issuing storm warnings and assigned the name Amang to the Depression, which is applicable to the Philippines . The north-easterly moving system eventually developed enough convection to be classified by the JTWC as a tropical depression with the designation 02W . This intensification was short-lived, however, because a weather front was approaching from the west, forcing the system to transition into an extra-tropical system. This was linked to an intensification, so that the National Weather Service (NWS) in Tiyan on Guam issued storm warnings for the islands of Agrihan , Pagan and Alamagan . Due to the influence of the weather front and strong wind shear, the circulation was broadened and the convection was released; the system also came through colder water than before. Early on April 6th, the JTWC issued the final warning for 02W as it began to dissolve over open water. Due to the dissolution process, the NWS no longer carried out the storm warnings for the Mariana Islands on April 6th. The JMA continued its observations for a few hours, but then stopped its warnings.

Tropical Storm Aere (Bebeng)

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Duration	May 5th - May 12th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 992 hPa

Early on May 4, a low pressure area formed about 140 km west of Palau . This began to organize itself in the course of the day, developed a near-surface circulation as well as narrow convection bands and a well-defined center. The system began to migrate in a northwest direction towards the Philippines the next day . However, on the afternoon of May 5, the system almost came to a standstill, thanks to the influence of a high pressure area northeast of the system. At that point the circulation began to roll out, but it was generally in a favorable environment for further development with high water surface temperatures and low vertical wind shear. Later that day, the center of circulation consolidated again and the system slowly continued to migrate northwest. The Japan Meteorological Agency then upgraded it to a tropical depression. On the afternoon of May 6th, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center also classified this system as a Tropical Depression, and on the same evening PAGASA classified the system as a Tropical Depression Quake. On the afternoon of May 7th, the persistent wind speeds reached storm strength, so that the JMA classified the tropical depression as a tropical storm and gave it the international name Aere . The storm gradually struck a northern and finally northeastern trajectory, but lost strength further north, so that it was downgraded by the JMA south of Kyushu to the Depression. The system dissolved on May 12th.

As the tropical storm approached the east coast of Luzon , the various government agencies of the Philippines activated their contingency plans. The Armed Forces of the Philippines , the Philippine National Police and the Philippine Coast Guard have been placed in readiness. Several sea ports affected by the storm were closed, so that on the afternoon of May 7, according to official information, 1,379 travelers were stuck. The precipitation from the storm led to widespread flooding and landslides, which interrupted road connections and cut off individual villages. In Catarman, Northern Samar , 377.4 mm of precipitation was recorded within 24 hours, causing a flash flood . The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council found that at least 33 people were killed by the storm and its impact, and estimated the damage to agriculture to 1.37 billion PHP (31.7 million US dollars ).

Typhoon Songda (Chedeng)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 5 super typhoon
Duration	May 19 - May 29
intensity	105 kn (195 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 920 hPa

On May 19, the JTWC reported that a weather disturbance was located around 510 km southeast of Yap. The system moved northwest and came under the influence of a subtropical high pressure ridge, causing the system to consolidate rapidly in a zone of light to moderate vertical shear winds. The JMA then began observing the system as a Tropical Depression, and early on May 20, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Depression 04W . This intensified into a tropical storm within a few hours, as reported by the JTWC, but later it was determined based on observations from Yap that this assessment was too high, so that the meteorologists in Honolulu downgraded the system to a low pressure area. Late on May 21st, JMA and JTWC agreed that the system had indeed matured into a tropical storm, and RSMC Tokyo named the storm Songda . Since Songda had also reached the area of ​​responsibility of PAGASA, the system was given the name Chedeng, which is valid for the Philippines . Over the next two days, the system intensified and moved on in a west-northwest direction. On May 24th at 12:00 UTC, JTWC upgraded Songda to a typhoon due to the sustained one-minute wind speeds. In the JMA, in which the continuous wind speeds are determined over a period of ten minutes, the cyclone was classified as a typhoon twelve hours later, when Songda was around 800 km southeast of Manila . Like Aere, Songda turned north before reaching the coast.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	May 31st - June 2nd
intensity	<30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

On the evening of May 31, the JMA classified a low pressure area about 400 km southwest of Hong Kong as a tropical depression. However, the system did not evolve and was no longer rated tropical by the JMA on June 2.

Tropical Storm Sarika (Dodong)

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical depression
Duration	June 8th - June 11th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 996 hPa

Early on June 8th, a low pressure area formed directly west of Cebu City . As it moved towards Mindoro Street , JMA and JTWC began observing the system. In the early hours of June 9th, PAGASA classified the system as a tropical depression and named it Dodong . At the time, Dodong was about 450 km west of Dagupan City in the Philippines. The next day, JMA and JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, and the JMA shared the international name Sarika . The system moved north, and after making landfall in Shantou , People's Republic of China with winds of 75 km / h, Sarika quickly lost power. The JTWC issued its last warning about Sarika a short time later.

23 people were killed in Xianning as a result of the storm and ten others were declared missing. Property damage from the tropical storm was estimated at $ 248 million.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	June 15 - June 16
intensity	<30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

Early on June 15, there was a low pressure area within the intertropical convergence zone about 250 km west of Puerto Princesa . As it moved towards the South China Sea , JMA and JTWC began observing it. It was classified as a Tropical Depression by the JMA on June 15, but early on June 16 the system disintegrated due to an anticyclone.

Tropical storm Haima (Egay)

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Duration	June 16 - June 25
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 985 hPa

On June 15, the JTWC began observing a weather disturbance approximately 1,350 km southeast of Manila. In the course of the following days the system developed steadily better, before late on June 16 the JMA, the JTWC and PAGASA agreed that the system had intensified into a tropical depression and PAGASA gave the name Egay , which is valid for the Philippines . Egay also developed on June 17th, moving north-northwest in the process. On June 18, the JTWC reported that 06W had intensified into a tropical storm. Late on June 19, the JTWC 06W downgraded to a tropical depression. After it had passed Luzon to the east, it embarked on an initially westerly and finally west-southwest trajectory. The system was classified as Tropical Storm Haima by the JMA on June 21 . The JTWC initially retained Haima’s classification as a tropical depression until June 22nd.

The system then took a more north-easterly trajectory and reached Zhanjiang in the Chinese province of Guangdong by land, which is why the JTWC downgraded the system to a tropical low pressure area. The system turned west, crossed the Gulf of Tonkin and intensified again into a tropical storm early on June 24th. On June 25, the storm hit mainland Vietnam and passed Hanoi . Overland, the storm quickly lost strength and weakened to a low pressure area that dissolved over northern Thailand.

Severe Tropical Storm Meari (Falcon)

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Duration	June 20th - June 27th
intensity	60 kn (110 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 975 hPa

Early on June 20, the JTWC and JMA began monitoring a low pressure area east of the Philippines, and in the evening the JTWC determined that a tropical cyclone was imminent. Shortly afterwards, PAGASA classified the system as a tropical depression and gave it the name Falcon . At that time, the center of the system was about 1000 km east-northeast of Cebu City . On the evening of June 21, the JTWC classified the system as a tropical depression. This intensified further and was upgraded to a tropical storm on June 22nd by JMA and JTWC; the RSMC Tokyo gave the system the international name Meari .

Tropical Depression Goring

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	July 9th - July 10th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1000 hPa

Late on July 9, a low pressure area formed about 300 km east of the coast of Aurora Province . PAGASA classified it as a tropical depression during the day and named it Goring . This broke up on the evening of July 10th after moving over Fujian, China.

Typhoon Ma-on (Ineng)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 4 typhoon
Duration	July 11th - July 24th
intensity	95 kn (175 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 935 hPa

On July 11, both the JMA and JTWC updated a tropical disturbance to a tropical depression that was located near Minami-Torishima . On July 12, both the JMA and JTWC updated the system to a tropical storm and named it Ma-on. Early on July 13th, Ma-on was upgraded to a Severe Tropical Storm. Late on July 13, both the JMA and JTWC updated Ma-on to a typhoon. After the inclusion of Tokage, Ma-on peaked on July 16. PAGASA called it Ineng on July 17th as the storm moved into Philippine responsibility.

When Ma-on hit Japan on July 19, the JTWC downgraded him to a tropical storm that evening. The JMA downgraded Ma-on to a major tropical storm on July 20 after it hit Wakayama . The JTWC downgraded Ma-on to a tropical depression the following day. The JMA upgraded Ma-on to a tropical storm again early on July 23, before Ma-on weakened into an extra-tropical cyclone in the Tohoku region on July 24 .

Tropical Storm Tokage (Hanna)

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical depression
Duration	July 13th - July 16th
intensity	35 kn (65 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1000 hPa

About 740 km north-northwest of Palau a low pressure area formed, which was classified as tropical by the JMA early on July 14th. On July 15, the JMA classified the system as a tropical storm and named it Tokage . Due to the Fujiwhara effect , the strong northeastern Typhoon Ma-on began to absorb Tokage, so that Tokage weakened into a depression and dissolved early on July 16.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	July 16 - July 17
intensity	<25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 998 hPa

The JMA reported that on July 16, near Guandong, inland, a tropical depression had developed from a low pressure area. However, this dissolved on July 17th.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	July 16 - July 16
intensity	<25 kn (45 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1002 hPa

On July 16, the JMA in the Gulf of Tonkin near Guangdong reported the formation of a tropical depression out of a nontropical low pressure area, but the system had disintegrated six hours later.

Severe Tropical Storm Nock-ten (Juaning)

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Category 1 typhoon
Duration	July 24th - July 31st
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 985 hPa

Early on July 22nd, a depression formed east of the Philippines. The system slowly drifted westward, and late on July 24th, the JTWC upgraded the tropical fault east of the Philippines to a tropical depression, the JMA upgraded this classification early on July 25th. PAGASA named Juaning and began issuing warnings about the system a few hours later, as the forecasts assumed that the system would intensify and sweep across northern Luzon. In the early hours of July 26th, the system had intensified into a tropical storm, which the JMA named Nock-ten . The name was suggested by Laos and is the Laotian name of a bird. Nock-ten intensified further and on July 27th reached the intensity of a severe tropical storm.

At least 130 people were killed on Luzon by the effects of the storm.

Typhoon Muifa (Kabayan)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 5 super typhoon
Duration	July 25th - August 9th
intensity	95 kn (175 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 930 hPa

About 930 kilometers southeast of Guam a low pressure area formed, which was classified by the JTWC on July 25 and by the JMA in the early morning of July 26 as a tropical depression and slowly moved in a west-northwest direction. On July 28, the system was upgraded to a Tropical Storm by the JTWC. A few hours later, the JMA named the storm Muifa. The storm soon moved into the area of ​​responsibility of the Philippine PAGASA , which gave it the name Kabayan. The storm moved north the following day and initially retained its strength. On the night of July 29th, it was first upgraded to a Severe Tropical Storm, and the next morning it reached typhoon strength. Muifa then strengthened very quickly. The JTWC reported wind speeds of up to 260 km / h and classified it in the highest typhoon category 5. However, it did not last long. On July 31, he came into the area of ​​influence of an altitude trough and weakened to strength 4. The storm moved slowly north, then west towards Okinawa . Then he turned to the northwest and was downgraded to Tropical Storm by the JTWC, and shortly afterwards by the JMA. Muifa hit land at the mouth of the Yalu . Over northeast China, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and then to a normal low of the westerly wind zone. Muifa killed two men whose boat capsized near Hagonoy , Bulacan . The muifa-exacerbated southwest monsoon caused heavy rains in some parts of Luzon , including Manila . Classes in schools in Manila and nearby provinces were canceled. In Marikina , 200 residents who lived along the river of the same name sought shelter in emergency shelters.

Tropical Depression Lando

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	July 31st - August 2nd
intensity	<30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1002 hPa

On July 28, a depression formed about 160 km west of Guam . Over the next few days, the system slowly drifted northwest until it was classified as a Tropical Depression by the Japan Meteorological Agency west of the Philippines on July 31. During the course of the day, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) began observing the system as a tropical depression and named it Lando . The system was slowly moving north. The Fujiwhara effect triggered by Typhoon Muifa , which was located directly northeast of Lando, lost its strength. PAGASA downgraded the system and issued the final warning to Lando. Lando was able to regenerate a little later and the JMA continued their pursuit of the system. The Lando Tropical Depression persisted for another day. During this time it slowly moved eastward towards the coast of Luzon. In the late afternoon of August 2, the JMA stopped following the system and by August 3, the remaining low in Lando had completely dissolved without ever reaching Luzon.

Severe tropical storm Merbok

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Category 1 typhoon
Duration	August 3 - August 9
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 980 hPa

Early on August 3, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified a low pressure area near Wake Island as a tropical depression. The system intensified quickly and was upgraded to a tropical storm by the JMA just six hours later. It was named Merbok . The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) soon began monitoring the system and, a few hours later, classified it as a tropical storm. Merbok slowly began to move west, but a short time later turned to the northwest and followed this direction. Late on August 5, JMA upgraded Merbok to a severe tropical storm. Early on August 6th, the JTWC classified Merbok as a Category 1 typhoon. At that time, the storm center was 830 nautical miles east-southeast of Tokyo , Japan. Early the next day, the cyclone peaked with sustained one-minute winds of 80 knots. However, during the course of the day, Merbok entered a zone of moderate vertical wind shear, which initiated its weakening. On August 8, the forward speed of the storm rose to 20 knots. The northward moving storm steadily lost its strength, which was due to the increasingly cooler water surface temperature and unfavorable atmospheric conditions. As a result, the JMA determined that within 24 hours, Merbok would no longer be a tropical storm. Later on, Merbok increasingly exhibited extra-tropical properties, and convection near the center decreased rapidly. The JTWC therefore issued its final warning on Merbok. A little later, the JMA also published its last storm warning for the now extra-tropical system.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	August 3rd - August 4th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1008 hPa

A tropical depression formed early on August 3rd near the Bonin Islands slowly moved north-west towards Japan. It broke up near the Kii Peninsula late on August 4th .

Tropical Depression 13W

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical depression
Duration	August 8th - August 15th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

Late on August 8, the JMA classified a low pressure area west of Guam as a tropical depression, and the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Forming Alert. The system initially drifted slowly northwards. Early on August 10th, it was classified by the JTWC as a tropical depression with the designation 13W . In this phase, the JMA assumed that the system would develop into a tropical storm, but on August 11th the system entered colder waters and thus into an environment that was unfavorable for further tropical development, so that the JMA no longer issued any further warnings made. The JTWC also stopped the warnings a few hours later because the system had come under the influence of a subtropical ridge and it was assumed that the system would not be able to regenerate. The JMA followed the further migration of the residual depth as a weak tropical depression for a few days until the system dissolved on August 15th.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	August 8th - August 10th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1008 hPa

Late on August 8, the JMA classified a low pressure area northwest of Minamitorishima as a tropical depression. The system migrated to the northeast. It was caught in moderate vertical wind shear on August 10th and degenerated to a residual depth due to cold water surface temperatures that day.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	August 20 - August 25
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1002 hPa

On August 19, a low pressure area formed east-northeast of Guam . Early on August 20, the system developed a widespread low-level circulation and the depression was better defined. During the day, the JMA classified the system southeast of the Bonin Islands as a tropical depression. On August 22nd, the system began to respond to an anticyclone and was exposed to strong vertical wind shear, so the JMA stopped observing the system as a tropical depression. It weakened to a residual low. At the next change of day, however, the residual low was shown to regenerate and the JMA observed the system again as a tropical depression, until it was last detected near Okinawa on August 25 , before it completely dissolved.

Typhoon Nanmadol (Mina)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 5 super typhoon
Duration	August 21st - August 31st
intensity	100 kn (185 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 925 hPa

Late on August 19, a low pressure area formed north of Palau . A few hours later the system organized itself better and developed a circulation center close to the ground. The system then moved northward until it was classified as a Tropical Depression by the JMA east of the Philippines on August 21. The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) because of the better organization of the system . During the course of the day, PAGASA also began monitoring the system, as it had come into their area of ​​responsibility, and gave it the local name of Mina . By late August 22nd, the system had organized itself to the point where the JTWC began issuing warnings about 14W . On August 23, the JMA classified the Depression as a tropical storm and named it Nanmadol . The system intensified further and was therefore classified by the JMA as a severe tropical storm on August 24th. A few hours later the convective structure improved and Nanmadol developed an eye-like structure. Nanmadol continued to intensify rapidly and was upgraded to a typhoon at midnight. Nanmadol continued to drift northwest and came ashore via Gonzaga , Philippines with continuous ten-minute winds of 175 km / h. Nanmadol weakened significantly after landfall from the effects of the land, and early on August 28, the JMA downgraded Nanmadol to a severe tropical storm. The storm moved north and late on August 28th, Nanmadol reached the coast for the second time, now via Taimali in Taitung County , Taiwan . The second landfall weakened Nanmadol further, so that the JMA downgraded Nanmadol to a tropical storm, the maximum sustained wind speeds of which were below 85 km / h. The storm also faced severe wind shear, so that it continued to lose strength. The wind shear pushed the convection to a distance of around 130 km from the center of circulation. The system was now moving towards the People's Republic of China and weakening to a minimal tropical storm. After Nanmadol crossed overland via Fujian for the third time, the storm subsided very quickly, so both JMA and JTWC issued their final warnings about the system.

Severe tropical storm Talas

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Duration	August 23 - September 5
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 970 hPa

Late on August 22nd, a depression developed west of Guam . By midnight the system had organized itself sufficiently that the JMA was chasing it as a tropical depression. On August 23, the system entered an environment with little wind shear and warm water, so the JTWC predicted the formation of a tropical system within 24 hours. A day later, according to the JMA, the system had intensified into a tropical storm and was named Talas . Later that day, the JTWC also began issuing storm warnings for Talas. The name was suggested by the Philippines and means sharpness or accuracy. Talas continued to gain strength and was declared a severe tropical storm early on August 26th. Over the next few days, Talas drifted north very slowly. Late on August 29, the JMA upgraded Talas to a typhoon. A few hours later, the subtropical ridge west of the storm weakened and the subtropical ridge east of the system pushed Talas west. Talas' forward speed increased somewhat, but the cyclone maintained its intensity and discharge. However, an anti-cyclone at high altitude inhibited convection and prevented it from reaching the center of the typhoon. Talas therefore remained weak and did not intensify any further. The convection was consequently unable to consolidate the center, and the convective bands remained a good distance away from the completely exposed circulation center near the ground. The convective bands expanded more and more, so that the outer rain bands were already reaching parts of Japan. Coastal areas already reported strong winds, while an omega high steered Talas further towards land. The proximity to land weakened Talas, so that the JMA downgraded the typhoon to a severe tropical storm with wind speeds of just under 110 km / h.

Still, Talas triggered severe floods and landslides in Japan. At least 48 people were killed; 460,000 people were ordered to evacuate. In western Japan, thousands of people were at times cut off from the outside world. Wakayama and Nara prefectures were hardest hit .

Tropical storm Noru

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Duration	September 2nd - September 6th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 990 hPa

On September 1, a low pressure area formed northeast of Guam . The next day, the JMA began tracing this low pressure area as a tropical depression. The system soon developed a well-defined, but partially exposed, surface circulation. On September 3, convection around the circulation center near the ground increased, and the favorable outflow towards the equator caused the JTWC to begin issuing warnings about the 16W system . 16W accelerated north to over 18 kt forward speed. ASCAT data suggested that the center was closely involved in sustained winds of 40 kn, so that the JTWC declared 16W a tropical storm. An aqua microwave image from NASA showed that the circulation center near the ground remained partially exposed, although it consolidated with deep, centrally located convection. Located in an area with moderate vertical wind shear, an anticyclone increased the outflow to the north, while to the west the outflow was suppressed by a tropical high- altitude trough . 16W accelerated further and reached a pulling speed of 35 knots, fragmenting the convective bands and cutting them off behind the main area of ​​central convection. However, the outflow southeast of the system remained favorable and 16W continued to gain strength, so that the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Noru . The name was proposed by South Korea and is the name for a wild species bearing antlers. However, after the circulation center had completely detached itself from the convection and a cell of the tropical high trough had moved over Noru, thus restricting the outflow in all directions and shearing the remaining central convection, the JTWC downgraded Noru to a tropical low pressure area.

Tropical Storm Kulap (Nonoy)

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Duration	September 6th - September 11th
intensity	35 kn (65 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1000 hPa

Late on September 4, a depression developed southeast of Okinawa , Japan. During the next two days, the system drifted north and developed a well-defined near-surface circulation center with organized convective bands, so that the JMA classified the low pressure area as tropical. On September 7th, the JMA upgraded the system to a Tropical Storm and named it Kulap . The name was suggested by Thailand and means "rose". But the system soon ceased to intensify because the center of circulation broke away from the convection that settled south. Kulap remained a small system and dry air penetrating from the west prevented further intensification. The wind shear increased and pushed the convection south, about 330 km away from the circulation. In addition, Kulap had come under a tropical high trough, which suppressed the storm further. A subtropical current at medium altitude steered the system to the northwest. On September 8th, Kulap was temporarily moved to the east-northeastern periphery of PAGASA's area of ​​responsibility, so that Kulap was given the name Nonoy , which is valid for the Philippines . However, Kulap is moving northwards, so that just six hours later PAGASA issued the last warning about the system. After the wind shear increased and weakened the storm, the JTWC downgraded the storm to a tropical depression late on September 8th. Early on September 10, the JMA Kulap also downgraded to depression; it pursued the Kulap railway as a tropical system until it was completely dissolved in the morning of September 11th.

Typhoon Roke (Onyok)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 4 typhoon
Duration	September 9th - September 22nd
intensity	85 kn (155 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 940 hPa

Early on September 8th, a complex of thunderstorms formed a low pressure area with slowly evolving discharge and a beginning near-surface circulation. During the day, the JMA classified the low pressure area north-northeast of the Northern Mariana Islands as a tropical depression. During the next two days, the system drifted westward and intensified slightly, so that the JTWC indicated the formation of a tropical cyclone. The convection consolidated around the circulation center and on September 11th the JTWC began issuing warnings of 18W . The next day, the system came into PAGASA's area of ​​responsibility and was given the local name Onyok . Like Kulap before, this system also left PAGASA's warning area within six hours. Because the system had at least two other vortexes , it wandered around erratically, according to the JTWC. However, since it was in an area with sufficiently high water surface temperatures and the vertical wind shear was low, the system intensified further and was upgraded to a tropical storm by the JMA on September 13 and was named Roke . The name was suggested by the United States and is a male name in Chamorro . On September 17, Roke developed a tiny eye, which led the JMA to classify Roke as a severe tropical storm. Between September 19 and 20, Roke experienced an explosive intensification; This is the case if the air pressure falls by more than 2.5 hPa per hour (by more than 30 hPa in total) within 12 hours. During this time, Roke developed an eye ten nautical miles in diameter. By September 20, Roke had maximum wind gusts of 260 km / h. According to the criteria of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, it achieved category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson wind scale during that period. However, when approaching the Japanese coast, the influence of the country made itself felt. The cloud tops warmed and the typhoon began to weaken across the board. However, the system maintained an almost radial outflow and the convective structure remained well-organized, preventing the typhoon from rapidly dissolving.

One day later, the storm reached mainland Japan at around 2 p.m. local time (7 a.m. CET) near Hamamatsu on Honshū . The automobile company Toyota suspended production in eleven plants in Aichi prefecture , more than 200 domestic flights and some rail connections were canceled. The storm also moved across the region where the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant is located, but did not cause any further damage.

 Wikinews: Japan: mass evacuation due to typhoon "Roke"  message

Typhoon Sonca

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 2 typhoon
Duration	September 14th - September 20th
intensity	70 kn (130 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 970 hPa

Early on September 13th, a low pressure area formed northeast of the Northern Mariana Islands. The system developed as it steadily drifted north and was classified as a Tropical Depression by the JMA a day later. On September 14th, the JTWC indicated that the system could develop into a tropical storm within 24 hours. The convection around the center quickly consolidated and deep convection developed in the northeastern periphery, so the JTWC began issuing warnings on the system, 19W . Shortly afterwards, the system was classified as a tropical storm by the JMA and was given the name Sonca . Sonca is the Vietnamese name of a songbird. At first, after the formation of the storm, it looked as if Sonca would intensify rapidly, but because dry air got into the circulation center near the ground and thus rolled out and weakened it, the storm lost its strength and just reached the intensity of a tropical storm. This weakening did not last long, however, as a strong convection was able to hold in the area of ​​the well-defined circulation center, so that Sonca slowly intensified again and the JTWC assumed one-minute wind speeds of 50 knots near the center. After Sonca intensified further, the JMA upgraded the storm to a severe tropical storm on September 17. During the course of the day Sonca formed a shaggy eye ten nautical miles in diameter, the convection bands of which were tightly integrated into it. As a result, Sonca intensified faster and turned into a typhoon early the next day. On September 18, Sonca reached its greatest intensity with one-minute winds of 85 knots and ten-minute winds of 70 knots before the convection weakened on the northern periphery. Sonca became extra-tropical on September 20th, southeast of the Kuril Islands .

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	September 14th - September 15th
intensity	<30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1002 hPa

Early on September 14th, the JMA began observing a thunderstorm zone southeast of Taiwan as a Tropical Depression. However, due to land impact, the system was unable to evolve and late on September 15, the JMA stopped tracking the Depression.

Typhoon Nesat (Pedring)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 4 typhoon
Duration	September 23rd - September 30th
intensity	80 kn (150 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 950 hPa

On the evening of September 21st, a low pressure area developed east-southeast of Palau . The low moved slowly westward and eventually appeared more organized, so the JTWC triggered a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA). The circulation center near the ground organized itself well and deep convection flared up around it, so on September 23 the JMA began to run the system as a tropical depression. A few hours later, the JTWC also started issuing storm warnings for 20W . Early on September 24th, the JMA upgraded the Depression to a tropical storm and named it Nesat . Nesat continued to drift westward and when it reached PAGASA's area of ​​responsibility was given the local name Pedring . During the west drift, Nesat extended the deep convection to the entire system and consolidated it around the center. A thermal anomaly near the system intensified, causing the convective bands to contract around the center. Accordingly, Nesat was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA on September 25 and later that day to a typhoon. Nesat strengthened rapidly, forming a jagged eye about 55 km in diameter. An anticyclone caused an extraordinary, symmetrical radial outflow in all directions, so that the Joint Typhoon Warning Center assumed that Nesat would intensify into a super typhoon of category 5 and reach one-minute winds of more than 250 km / h before reaching the east coast of Luzon would. However, due to a cool anomaly, the typhoon only intensified to Category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale used by US Navy meteorologists . After landfall on September 27 at 4:00 a.m. local time, the center of the storm quickly crossed Luzon westward and entered the South China Sea. The typhoon made landfall on Wenchang in Hainan , China on September 29th . On September 30th, Nesat weakened into a tropical storm.

At least 43 people were killed after the landfall on the east coast of Luzon. Although the eye of the typhoon passed Manila around 150 miles north , public life in the capital largely came to a standstill. Some streets in Metro Manila , for example in the Ermita and Malate districts not far from Manila Bay , including Roxas Boulevard , one of Manila's main thoroughfares, were up to 1.50 meters under water after high waves destroyed part of the sea wall had. Numerous roofs were covered, including that of an emergency shelter where 500 people had sought refuge. The power went out over a wide area. The provinces of Isabela and Aurora in the east of the country were hit hardest by the typhoon.

Tropical storm Haitang

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Duration	September 24th - September 27th
intensity	35 kn (65 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 996 hPa

Late on September 21, almost at the same time that the system from which Nesat evolved was first identified, a depression formed far south of Hong Kong . The system drifted over the South China Sea and slowly intensified until it was classified as a Tropical Depression by the JMA east of Huế , Vietnam on September 24th. During the day, the JTWC warned that a tropical cyclone was imminent. The system was eventually identified as 21W by the JTWC . On September 25th, the JMA declared the system a tropical storm and named it Haitang . On September 27, Haitang weakened into a tropical depression and landed on Vietnam. After the landfall, the system dissolves.

Typhoon Nalgae (Quiel)

Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 4 super typhoon
Duration	September 26th - October 5th
intensity	95 kn (175 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 935 hPa

On the morning of September 24th, a low pressure area with isolated convection developed west of the Northern Mariana Islands . The low moved slowly west until it was classified as a Tropical Depression by the JMA late on September 26th. The system continued to drift westward and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) declared that a tropical storm was imminent. On the morning of September 27th, the JTWC reported that the depression was forming a rapidly consolidating low-level circulation center and began issuing warnings about the 22W system . Late on September 27, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Nalgae . The storm moved further west and steadily intensified. Nalgae developed an eye-like feature that could be seen on microwave images of the system and formed convective bands in all quadrants. The system had a small wind field at this stage, but it intensified significantly. On the evening of September 28, the JMA determined a further intensification and classified Nalgae as a severe tropical storm, as the ten-minute winds that lasted longer than 55 knots. On the night of September 29th, Nalgae reached PAGASA's area of ​​responsibility and was given the name Quiel . Late on September 29th, the JMA classified Nalgae as a typhoon. Nalgae intensified rapidly the following day and was declared a super typhoon equivalent to Category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale by the JTWC on October 1, before making landfall on Luzon . On October 2, Nalgae weakened into a severe tropical storm; on October 4th, Nalgae was re-classified as a Tropical Depression.

Tropical Storm Banyan (Ramon)

Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical depression
Duration	October 9th - October 16th
intensity	35 kn (65 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1002 hPa

On October 9, the JMA updated a low pressure area to a tropical low pressure area northeast of Palau . Early on October 10th it was updated by the JTWC to the Tropical Depression 23W , and was later given the name Ramon by PAGASA . On October 11th, it became a Tropical Storm and was named Banyan . Early on October 12, Banyan made landfall on Leyte , Philippines, and weakened into a tropical depression. On October 16, Banyan disintegrates in the South China Sea, southwest of Taiwan .

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	October 11th - October 13th
intensity	<30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1006 hPa

On October 11th, a Tropical Depression formed southeast of Hainan , China . Late on October 13th, it made landfall on Vietnam and disbanded.

Tropical Depression 24W

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical depression
Duration	November 7th - November 10th
intensity	<30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

A low pressure area that was west of the Philippines on November 5th began to organize a day later and slowly moved westwards towards Vietnam. It was classified as a tropical depression by the JTWC on November 7th. A day later, the US Navy meteorologists issued their final warning. The JMA followed the system as a tropical depression until November 10th.

Tropical Depression 25W

Tropical depression
Duration	December 4th - December 5th
intensity	25 kn (45 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1007 hPa

On December 3, there was a low pressure area west of Borneo , which intensified sharply on December 4, so that the JTWC triggered a Tropical Cyclone Forming Alert . The disturbance was then upgraded to a tropical depression by the JTWC during the day and designated as 25W , but the effects of a cold and dry air flow meant that the next day the warnings were sent to the system, which at the time was about 430 km east-northeast from Ho Chi Minh City were no longer continued.

Tropical Depression 26W

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Tropical depression
Duration	December 10th - December 14th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

On December 10th, the JMA announced that a tropical depression had formed west of Palawan , and the JTWC soon warned of the formation of a tropical cyclone . This warning was lifted on December 11th because the disturbance had weakened due to cold air from the north. The Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) announced that two people had died as a result of heavy rain caused by the system.

The system reached its greatest intensity at noon on December 11th, over the center of the South China Sea. In the afternoon the system weakened rapidly as it moved southwest. However, in the early morning of December 12, the JTWC again warned of the formation of a tropical cyclone because the vertical wind shear had decreased and classified the system as 26W a few hours later . However, the system failed to develop significantly and weakened, so on December 13th the JTWC issued its final warning of 26W .

Severe Tropical Storm Washi (Sendong)

Severe Tropical Storm ( JMA )
Tropical storm
Duration	December 13th - December 19th
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 992 hPa

On December 12th there was a low pressure area near Chuuk , which intensified rapidly on December 13th, so that the JTWC announced the formation of a tropical system and a few hours later classified the system as Tropical Depression 27W . The JMA also started issuing warnings about the system. The system subsequently moved steadily in a westerly direction and organized itself better. After crossing Palau , the system achieved tropical storm status and was named Washi by the JMA , which is the Japanese word for eagle . After reaching their area of ​​responsibility, PAGASA gave the name Sendong , but the storm could not intensify significantly before reaching the Philippine coast.

TRMM precipitation levels on December 15th and 16th

After the landfall on December 16 in the province of Surigao del Sur , the storm crossed Mindanao . After crossing the island, Washi reached the Sulu Sea , where it quickly attained its previous strength because the effects of only a few hours on land were minor. Late on December 17th, Washi crossed Palawan and entered the South China Sea. Due to unfavorable conditions, the storm weakened continuously, so that both JMA and JTWC issued the last storm warnings on December 19.

Heavy rains associated with the storm - up to 200 mm of precipitation fell locally - led to flash floods and floods in the Philippines, to which at least 1236 dead and 1079 missing are attributed, according to official information. Washi affected 102,899 families or 674,472 people in 766 villages in 13 provinces. Tens of thousands had to be cared for in emergency shelters. Most of the deaths were recorded in Iligan City and Cagayan de Oro , the provinces of Compostela Valley and Zamboanga del Norte were also hit hard by the rains .

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	December 24th - December 24th
intensity	<30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1004 hPa

Late on December 24th, the JMA classified a low pressure area east-southeast of Mindanao as a tropical depression, but the system weakened very quickly, so the JMA revoked warnings about the storm.

Tropical Depression

Tropical Depression ( JMA )
Duration	December 31, 2011 - January 1, 2012
intensity	<30 kn (55 km / h ) (10 minutes) , 1008 hPa

Season overview

Storm names

International names

Tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific are named by the responsible Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Tokyo of the Japan Meteorological Agency . These are given a name as soon as they reach the strength of a tropical storm. The names come from the following list; this is used continuously, so there are no annually changing lists of names like in the eastern North Pacific or the Atlantic. The names were proposed by the 14 member states of the ESCAP / WMO Typhoon Committee . Each of these members has submitted ten names, which are sorted alphabetically according to the English spelling of these states. The next 24 names on the list were:

Aere (1101) Songda (1102) Sarika (1103) Haima (1104) Meari (1105) Ma-on (1106)

Tokage (1107) Cams (1108) Muifa (1109) Merbok (1110) Nanmadol (1111) Talas (1112)

Noru (1113) Kulap (1114) Roke (1115) Sonca (1116) Nesat (1117) Haitang (1118)

Nalgae (1119) Banyan (1120) Washi (1121) Pakhar  (unused) Sanvu  (unused) Mawar  (unused)

Washi was the last name used in 2011, so the first name given in 2012 is Pakhar.

Philippines

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) uses its own naming scheme for tropical systems in its area of ​​responsibility. PAGASA's lists of names are reused every four years. These names are assigned to systems that are formed in the area of ​​responsibility of PAGASA or migrate into this area. If the list of names proves to be insufficient, the names are taken from a replacement list.

Amang Bebeng (1101) Chedeng (1102) Dodong (1103) Egay (1104) Falcon (1105) Goring

Hanna (1107) Ineng (1106) Juaning (1108) Kabayan (1109) Lando Mina (1111) Nonoy (1114)

Onyok (1115) Pedring (1117) Quiel (1119) Ramon (1120) Sendong (1121) Tisoy  (unused) Ursula  (unused)

Viring  (unused) Weng  (unused) Yoyoy  (unused) Zigzag  (unused) Abe  (unused) Berto  (unused) Charo  (unused)

Dado  (unused) Estoy  (unused) Felion  (unused) Gening  (unused) Herman  (unused) Irma  (unused) Jaime  (unused)

Deletion of names

On May 16, 2011, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) announced that it would remove the name Bebeng from its list because the so-called storm caused extensive property damage and loss of life. For the same reason, PAGASA announced the removal of Juaning on July 30, 2011 and of Mina on September 1 . PAGASA announced the deletion of the name Pedring on October 6th.

See also

• Pacific hurricane season 2011
• Atlantic hurricane season 2011
• North Indian cyclone season 2011
• Cyclone seasons in the Southwest Indicator: 2010–2011 , 2011–2012
• Australian cyclone seasons: 2010–2011 , 2011–2012
• South Pacific Cyclone Seasons: 2010–2011 , 2011–2012

Web links

Commons : Pacific Typhoon Season 2011  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

• Japan Meteorological Agency
• China Meteorological Agency
• National Weather Service Guam
• Hong Kong Observatory
• Korea Meteorological Administration
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• Taiwan Central Weather Bureau
• TCWC Jakarta
• Thai Meteorological Department
• Vietnam's National Hydro-Meteorological Service
• Joint Typhoon Warning Center
• Digital Typhoon - Typhoon Images and Information
• Typhoon2000 Philippine typhoon website

Remarks

1. ↑ According to the criteria of the TSR, it is an intense typhoon if the one-minute wind speed is at least 175 km / h per hour.

supporting documents

1. ↑ Gary Padgett: Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summuary May 2003 ( English ) Typhoon 2000. August 17, 2003. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} May 2011 Predictions of Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific ( English ) In: Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Center . City University of Hong Kong. May 9, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Mark Saunders, Adam Lea: Extended Range Forecast for Northwest Pacific Typhoon Activity in 2011 ( English , PDF; 361 kB) Tropical Storm Risk Consortium. March 8, 2011. Archived from the original on April 3, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Mark Saunders, Adam Lea: May Forecast Update for Northwest Pacific Typhoon Activity in 2011 ( English , PDF; 426 kB) Tropical Storm Risk Consortium. March 8, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
5. ↑ Dexter See: Cold weather affects Benguet mummies ( English ) Manila Bulletin. January 7, 2010. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
6. ↑ BY Lee: Speech by Dr. BY Lee, Director of the Hong Kong Observatory ( English ) Hong Kong Observatory. March 23, 2011. Archived from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved on April 3, 2010.
7. ↑ Weather outlook for Thailand during Rainy Season (Early May to mid October 2011) ( English , PDF; 223 kB) Thai Meteorological Department. April 26, 2011. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved on May 10, 2011.
8. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. April 1, 2011. Archived from the original on April 1, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
9. ↑ JMA High Seas Forecast for 0600 UTC on April 1, 2011 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. April 1, 2011. Archived from the original on April 1, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
10. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. April 1, 2011. Archived from the original on April 2, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
11. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert ( English ) United States Navy. April 1, 2011. Archived from the original on April 2, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
12. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Depression 01W Advisory One ( English ) United States Navy. April 2, 2011. Archived from the original on April 2, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
13. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Depression 01W Advisory Two ( English ) United States Navy. April 2, 2011. Archived from the original on April 2, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
14. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Depression 01W Advisory Six (Final) ( English ) United States Navy. April 3, 2011. Archived from the original on April 3, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
15. ↑ JMA High Seas Forecast for 0600 UTC on April 4, 2011 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. April 4, 2011. Archived from the original on April 4, 2011. Retrieved on May 7, 2011.
16. ↑ JMA High Seas Forecast for 1800 UTC on March 30, 2011 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. March 30, 2011. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
17. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. April 2, 2011. Archived from the original on April 2, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
18. ↑ JMA High Seas Forecast for 0000 UTC on April 3, 2011 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. April 3, 2011. Archived from the original on April 3, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
19. ↑ JMA High Seas Forecast for 0600 UTC on April 3, 2011 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. April 3, 2011. Archived from the original on April 3, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
20. ^ Tropical Depression "Amang" Severe Weather Bulletin One ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. April 3, 2011. Archived from the original on April 3, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
21. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 02W Advisory One ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. April 5, 2011. Archived from the original on April 5, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
22. ↑ Michael G. Middlebrooke: Tropical Depression 02W Advisory Number One ( English ) In: National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. April 5, 2011. Archived from the original on April 5, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
23. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 02W Advisory Three ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . April 5, 2011. Archived from the original on April 5, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
24. ^ Tropical Depression 02W Advisory Five (Final) ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. April 6, 2011. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
25. ^ Paul Stanko and Marcus Landon Aydlett: Tropical Depression 02W Advisory Number Four ( English ) In: National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. April 6, 2011. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
26. ↑ JMA High Seas Forecast for 1200 UTC on April 6, 2011 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. April 2011. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved on May 8, 2011.
27. ↑ NDRRMC Update Initial Report on Tropical Depression "Bebeng" ( English , PDF ; 834 kB) In: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council . National Disaster Coordinating Council. May 7, 2011. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 27, 2011. 
28. ↑ NDRRMC Update SitRep No. 3 on Tropical Storm "Bebeng" ( English , PDF ; 77 kB) In: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council . National Disaster Coordinating Council. May 8, 2011. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 27, 2011. 
29. ↑ NDRRMC Update SitRep No. 13 on Tropical Storm "Bebeng" ( English , PDF ; 194 kB) In: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council . National Disaster Coordinating Council. May 15, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
30. ↑ JMA Tropical Cyclone Summary; May 31, 2011 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . May 31, 2011. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
31. ↑ Tropical storm leaves 23 dead, 10 missing (English) . June 11, 2011. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved on June 21, 2011. 
32. ^ NWS Guam - Tropical Weather Advisory 1 for Pre-Tropical storm Nock-ten ( English ) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
33. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Depression 10W - Warning 001 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
34. ↑ JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory 250000 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
35. ^ PAGASA - Severe Weather Bulletin Number ONE . Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
36. ↑ JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory - 260000 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
37. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} List of names for tropical cyclones adopted by the ESCAP / WMO Typhoon Committee for the western North Pacific and the South China Sea ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . 2011. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
38. ↑ JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory - 270600 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
39. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 260000 - Pre-tropical storm Muifa . Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
40. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: JTWC - Tropical Storm 11W - Warning 011 . Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
41. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 280600 - Tropical Storm Muifa . Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
42. ^ PAGASA - Severe Weather Bulletin Number ONE - Tropical Storm Kabayan . PAGASA . Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
43. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 300 600 - Typhoon Muifa . Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on July 30, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
44. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: JTWC - Super Typhoon Muifa - Warning 24 . Archived from the original on July 31, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
45. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 51 - Post-Super Typhoon Muifa . Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
46. ↑ NDRRMC Update re SitRep No. 2 on Tropical Storm "Kabayan" (Muifa) . National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 30, 2011. 
47. ^ Palace suspends college classes, govt work in NCR . GMA News. August 2, 2011. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
48. ↑ Marikina residents start to flee as Alert Level 2 sounded . GMA News. August 2, 2011. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
49. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 280600 - Tropical Depression 17 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
50. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 310000 - Tropical Depression 17 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on July 31, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
51. ↑ JTWC tropical Weather Advisory - August 010600 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 1, 2011. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
52. ^ Severe Weather Bulletin Number FOUR (FINAL) - Tropical Depression "LANDO" ( English ) PAGASA . Archived from the original on August 1, 2011. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
53. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 030000 - Tropical depression 18 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 3, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
54. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 030600 - Tropical Storm Merbok ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 3, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
55. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 01 - Tropical Depression Merbok ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 3, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
56. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 051800 - Severe Tropical Storm Merbok ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
57. Jump up ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 13 - Typhoon Merbok ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
58. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 16 - Typhoon Merbok ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
59. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 17 - Typhoon Merbok ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
60. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 21 - Tropical Storm Merbok ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 8, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
61. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 081800 - Tropical Storm Merbok ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
62. ↑ JTWC - Final Warning - Extratropical Storm Merbok ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
63. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 091800 - Extratropical storm Merbok ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
64. ↑ JMA - High Seas Forecast 081800 - Tropical Depression 20 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
65. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert - Tropical Depression 20 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
66. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 01 - Tropical Depression 13W ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved on August 10, 2011.
67. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 112100 (Final) - Tropical Depression 20 ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
68. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 09 (Final) - Tropical Depression 13W ( English ) In: JTWC Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
69. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 081800 ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved on August 12, 2011.
70. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 101800 ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved on August 12, 2011.
71. ↑ JTWC Tropical Cyclone Warning 190030 - Pre-Tropical Depression 22 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
72. ↑ JTWC Tropical Cyclone Warning 200100 - Pre-Tropical Depression 22 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
73. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 200600 - Tropical Depression 22 ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
74. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 221200 - Tropical Depression 22 ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved on August 22, 2011.
75. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 221430 - Tropical Depression 22 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved on August 22, 2011.
76. ↑ ^{a b} JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 230000 - Tropical Depression 22, 23, 24 ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved on August 23, 2011.
77. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 250000 - Tropical Depression 22 ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
78. ↑ JTWC Tropical Cyclone Warning 192100 - Tropical Depression 23 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
79. ^ Tropical Depression 23 - Low Level Circulation Center ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
80. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 211200 - Tropical Depression 23 ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 21, 2011. Retrieved on August 21, 2011.
81. ↑ JTWC TCFA 01 on Tropical Depression 23 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved on August 22, 2011.
82. ^ PAGASA -Severe Weather Bulletin Number ONE - Tropical Cyclone Alert: Tropical Depression "MINA" ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved on August 22, 2011.
83. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 01 - Tropical Depression 14W ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved on August 23, 2011.
84. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 231200 - Tropical Storm Nanmadol ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved on August 23, 2011.
85. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 240600 - Severe Tropical Storm Nanmadol ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved on August 24, 2011.
86. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 07 - Tropical Storm Nanmadol ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved on August 24, 2011.
87. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 250000 - Typhoon Nanmadol ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved August 2011.
88. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 270300 - Typhoon Nanmadol ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 27, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2011.
89. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 280000 - Severe Tropical Storm Nanmadol ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 28, 2011. Retrieved on August 28, 2011.
90. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 25 - Typhoon Nanmadol ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 29, 2011. Retrieved on August 29, 2011.
91. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 291200 - Tropical Storm Nanmadol ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 29, 2011. Retrieved on August 29, 2011.
92. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 31 - Tropical Storm Nanmadol ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 30, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
93. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 310600 - TD Downgraded From TS 1111 Nanmadol (1111) ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 31, 2011. Retrieved on August 31, 2011.
94. ^ Tropical Depression 14W (Nanmadol) Warning # 34 Final Warning ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 31, 2011. Retrieved on August 31, 2011.
95. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Outlook 222300 - Tropical Depression 24 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved on August 23, 2011.
96. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert - Tropical Depression 24 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved on August 24, 2011.
97. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 250000 - Tropical Storm Talas ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
98. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 01 - Tropical Storm Talas ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
99. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 260000 - Severe Tropical Storm Talas ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on August 26, 2011. Retrieved on August 26, 2011.
100. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 260000 - Severe Tropical Storm Talas ( English ) In: JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisories . Japan Meteorological Agency . August 26, 2011. Archived from the original on August 26, 2011. Retrieved on August 26, 2011.
101. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 291800 - Typhoon Talas ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . August 29, 2011. Archived from the original on August 29, 2011. Retrieved on August 29, 2011.
102. Jump up ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 25 - Tropical Storm Talas ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on August 31, 2011. Retrieved on August 31, 2011.
103. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 27 - Tropical Storm Talas ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 1, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
104. ^ JTWC - Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone Advisory 32 - Tropical Storm Talas ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 12, 2011.
105. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 020600 - Severe Tropical Storm Talas ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved September 2, 2011.
106. ↑ Supplies to be sent to cut-off areas The Japan Times, September 7, 2011
107. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 011500 - Tropical Depression 25 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 2, 2011.
108. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Warning 020000 - Tropical Depression 25 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved September 2, 2011.
109. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert - Tropical Depression 25 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 2, 2011.
110. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 01 - Tropical Depression 16W ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 3, 2011.
111. ↑ JTWC - Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone Advisory 02 - Tropical Storm 16W ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 3, 2011.
112. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 03 - Tropical Depression 16W ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 4, 2011.
113. ↑ JTWC - Prognostic Reasoning Tropical Cyclone Advisory 04 - Tropical Storm 16W ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 4, 2011.
114. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 040600 - Tropical Storm Noru ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved September 4, 2011.
115. ^ JTWC - Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone Advisory 08 - Tropical Storm Noru ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 5, 2011.
116. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 042200 - Tropical Depression 26 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 6, 2011.
117. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Warning 060600 - Tropical Depression 26 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved September 6, 2011.
118. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 03 - Tropical Storm Kulap ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 8, 2011.
119. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 05 - Tropical Storm Kulap ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 8, 2011.
120. ^ PAGASA - Severe Weather Bulletin Number ONE - Tropical Storm "NONOY" (KULAP) ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Retrieved September 8, 2011.
121. ^ PAGASA - Severe Weather Bulletin Number TWO (FINAL) - Tropical Storm "NONOY" (KULAP) ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Retrieved September 8, 2011.
122. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 07 - Tropical Storm Kulap ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 9, 2011.
123. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 100000 - Tropical Storm Kulap ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved September 10, 2011.
124. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 080130 - Tropical Depression ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 9, 2011.
125. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Warning 081800 - Tropical Depression 27 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved September 9, 2011.
126. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert - Tropical Depression 27 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 11, 2011.
127. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 01 - Tropical Depression 18W ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Retrieved September 11, 2011.
128. ^ PAGASA - Severe Weather Bulletin Number ONE - Tropical Depression "ONYOK" ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Archived from the original on September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
129. ^ PAGASA - Severe Weather Bulletin Number TWO (FINAL) - Tropical Depression "ONYOK" ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Archived from the original on September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
130. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 08 - Tropical Storm Roke ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
131. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 131200 - Tropical Storm Roke ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
132. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 26 - Tropical Storm Roke ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2011.
133. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 34 - Typhoon Roke ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 20, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
134. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 36 - Typhoon Roke ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 21, 2011. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
135. ↑ At least six dead - Update: "Roke" hits mainland Japan . wetterspiegel.de. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
136. ↑ First fatalities from typhoon: "Roke" hits Japan's coast with full force . tagesschau.de. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
137. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 130000 - Tropical Depression 28 . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
138. ↑ ^{a b} JMA - Tropical Cyclone Warning 140000 - Tropical Depressions 28 & 29 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
139. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert - Tropical Depression 28 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 15, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
140. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 01 - Tropical Depression 19W ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 15, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
141. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 150600 - Tropical Storm Sonca ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on September 15, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
142. Jump up ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 04 - Tropical Storm Sonca ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 15, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
143. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 08 - Tropical Storm Sonca ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
144. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 170600 - Tropical Storm Sonca ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
145. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 12 - Typhoon Sonca ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2011.
146. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 180600 - Typhoon Sonca ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2011.
147. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 17 - Typhoon Sonca ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
148. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Warning 160000 - Tropical Depressions 29 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on September 16, 2011. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
149. ↑ ^{a b} JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Warning 211500 - Tropical Storm Nesat and Tropical Depression 31 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
150. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert - Tropical Storm Nesat ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 22, 2011. Retrieved on September 24, 2011.
151. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Warning 230000 - Tropical Storm Nesat ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
152. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 01 - Tropical Storm Nesat ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 15, 2011. Retrieved on September 24, 2011.
153. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 240000 - Tropical Storm Nesat ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved on September 24, 2011.
154. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 06 - Typhoon Nesat ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 25, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
155. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 250000 - Typhoon Nesat ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 25, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
156. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 252100 - Typhoon Nesat ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
157. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 14 - Typhoon Nesat ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
158. ^ Tropical storm «Nesat» approaches Vietnam , tagesschau.sf.tv, September 30, 2011
159. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Warning 240000 - Tropical Depressions 31 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency . Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved on September 24, 2011.
160. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert - Tropical Depression 31 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved on September 24, 2011.
161. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 240600 - Typhoon Nalgae ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
162. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 261800 - Typhoon Nalgae ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
163. ^ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert - Typhoon Nalgae ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
164. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 01 - Typhoon Nalgae ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
165. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 271800 - Typhoon Nalgae ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
166. ↑ JTWC - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 07 - Typhoon Nalgae ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
167. ↑ JMA - Tropical Cyclone Advisory 281800 - Typhoon Nalgae ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
168. ^ Severe Weather Bulletin Number ONE - Tropical Storm "QUIEL" ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
169. ↑ Tropical Depression 25W (Twentyfive) Warning Nr 001 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . December 4, 2011. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. Retrieved on December 5, 2011.
170. ↑ Tropical Depression 25W (Twentyfive) Warning Nr 003 ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center . December 4, 2011. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. Retrieved on December 5, 2011.
171. ↑ Death toll from tropical storm climbs to 1,236 in Philippines ( English ) Xinhua . December 25, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
172. ↑ SitRep No.11 re Effects of Tropical Storm "SENDONG" (WASHI) ( English , PDF; 797 kB) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. December 20, 2011. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2011. 
173. ↑ Flood disaster in the Philippines: More and more dead (German) , focus.de. December 19, 2011. 
174. ↑ Philippines steps up search for flood survivors (English) , CCn News. December 18, 2011. 
175. ↑ At least 180 dead after storm pummels Philippines (English) , CNN. December 17, 2011. 
176. ^ Gary Padgett: Monthly Tropical Cyclone summary December 1999 . Australian Severe Weather. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
177. ^ Tropical Cyclone names . JMA. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
178. ^ Philippine Tropical cyclone names ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. September 22, 2010. Archived from the original on September 23, 2010. Retrieved on September 23, 2010.
179. ↑ Helen Flores: 'Bebeng' out of Pagasa name list ( English ) The Philippine Star. May 16, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
180. ↑ Helen Flores: 3 provinces told: Brace for floods ( English ) The Philippine Star. July 30, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
181. ↑ Helen Flores: 3 destructive cyclones expected this month - Pagasa ( English ) The Philippine Star. September 1, 2011. Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 2, 2011. 
182. ↑ Alexis Romero: Combined death toll from 'Pedring,' 'Quiel' rises to 76 ( English ) The Philippine Star. October 6, 2011. Accessed on December 19, 2011.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.