Pacific hurricane season 2011

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Pacific hurricane season 2011
All the storms of the season
All the storms of the season
Formation of the
first storm		 June 7th
Dissolution of the
last storm		 25. November
Strongest storm Dora - 929  hPa  ( mbar ), 135  kn  (250  km / h )
Tropical lows 13
Storms 11
Hurricanes 10
Severe hurricanes ( Cat. 3+ ) 6th
Total number of victims 42 total
Total damage > $ 203.67 million   (2011)
Pacific hurricane seasons
2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013

The 2011 Pacific hurricane season officially started on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific and June 1 in the Central Pacific; it ended on November 30th. It is during this period that most tropical storms usually form , as suitable conditions exist only at this time, such as warm ocean , moist air and little wind shear . All storms that formed north of the equator and east of 180 ° W belong to this basin. Storms that formed further west are no longer called hurricanes , but typhoons and are part of the Pacific typhoon season 2011 .

Although the East Pacific Basin is statistically the second most active tropical cyclone formation area in the world after the West Pacific, most storms do not threaten any land, as they mostly steer out into the open ocean . Only a few storms take a curve to the east or northeast and then mainly threaten the Mexican coast.

For tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, see the article: Atlantic hurricane season 2011 .

Season forecasts

Tropical cyclone activity predictions
for the 2010 season in the Eastern Pacific
source date
Storms 		Number of
hurricanes
Cat. 3+
NOAA average 15.3 8.8 4.2
NOAA Section 1995-2008 14th 7th 3
NOAA May 19, 2010 9-15 5-8 1-3
Strongest activity 27 16 9
Lowest activity 8th 4th 0
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Actual activity 11 10 6th

On May 19, 2010, the Climate Prediction Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration published its forecast for the Pacific hurricane season 2011. This forecast assumes a below-average active season. According to this, NOAA meteorologists expect 9 to 15 named storms, of which 5 to 8 will develop into a hurricane. Of the hurricanes, 1 to 3 could reach the intensity of severe hurricanes - that is, categories 3 to 5 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale .

In the Central Pacific, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) expects a below-average season with a 70 percent probability. The climatic pattern expected in 2011, with historical similarity, caused only a few tropical cyclones in the central Pacific basin. On the one hand, the central Pacific is still in a long-term phase of low activity; on the other hand, the CHPC expects a neutral El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the area of ​​the basin near the equator . In addition, water surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific are lower than the long-term average. In view of these prerequisites, the CPHC assumes that two to four tropical systems will develop in its area of ​​responsibility. In an average season, four to five tropical depressions, storms or hurricanes occur between the 140th and 180th degree of western longitude.

Storms

Hurricane Adrian

Category 4 hurricane
Adrian 9 June 2011 1800Z.jpg Adrian 2011 track.png
Duration June 7th - June 12th
intensity 120 kn (220 km / h ) (1 minute) , 944 hPa

In early June, a well-organized depression a few hundred kilometers off the Pacific coast of Mexico created disturbed weather. On June 7th, the system developed deep enough atmospheric convection to be classified as a tropical cyclone , and at 3:00 p.m. UTC the National Hurricane Center (NHC) upgraded the system to Tropical Depression One-E when it was approximately 590 km located south of Acapulco . The low pressure area was located above a sufficiently warm water surface and the wind shear at high altitude was favorable for further development. It remained almost stationary at first, held by weak air currents, and was upgraded to a tropical storm during the day. At this point in time, Adrian reached steady wind speeds of 95 km / h. The system intensified steadily, moving first to the northwest and then embarking on a railway parallel to the Mexican coast. Early on June 9th, Adrian was declared a hurricane.

The storm then intensified rapidly and developed a well-developed eye surrounded by good discharge . On the same day Adrian developed into a severe hurricane several hundred kilometers off the coast of Cabo Corrientes ; it reached its greatest intensity as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained wind speeds of 220 km / h. For several hours the hurricane showed an annular structure, with an unusually large eye and symmetrical, thick clouds. Because of this, cyclic eyewall regrowth was not expected, and it was predicted that Adrian would remain well-organized and would only slowly lose strength as a result of slightly colder water surface temperatures. In contrast to the forecasts, the hurricane quickly lost intensity the next day, presumably due to "an unexpectedly early increase in vertical wind shear combined with marginal thermodynamics ". On June 11th, Adrian was downgraded to a tropical storm that turned westward and consisted of a small vortex with low clouds and little or no convection near its center. The storm weakened to a tropical depression the next day, and on June 12th at 3:00 p.m. UTC no more convection could be detected, so that the tropical properties were deprived of the system. The system began to move quickly in a northwesterly direction.

Hurricane Beatriz

Category 1 hurricane
Tropical Storm Beatriz 2011-06-20 1740Z.jpg Beatriz 2011 track.png
Duration June 19 - June 22
intensity 80 kn (150 km / h ) (1 minute) , 977 hPa

On June 14, the NHC determined that a few hundred kilometers from Acapulco was an extensive area of ​​showers and thunderstorms associated with the monsoon trough over the eastern Pacific. In connection with this activity, a quasi-stationary, near-surface depression formed, and in the days that followed, convection consolidated in the vicinity of an anticyclone over the southwestern Caribbean Sea . Curved bands of cloud began to line up around the center of the system, and by June 19 the system achieved sufficient organization to be classified as a tropical depression. The system moved northwest along a weak point in the subtropical front in the north of the system. Due to favorable environmental conditions, the low pressure area intensified further and was declared Tropical Storm Beatriz at 6:00 p.m. UTC with continuous wind speeds of 65 km. Late on June 20, Beatriz was classified as a hurricane and reached sustained winds of 120 kilometers per hour and an air pressure of 985 hPa. Beatriz continued to gain strength and reached wind speeds of 140 km / h and air pressure of when approaching the coast of Mexico 977 hPa. The hurricane almost touched the coast and thereby weakened into a tropical storm that resolved on June 22nd.

Beatrice killed 4 people when approaching the coast.

Hurricane Calvin

Category 1 hurricane
Hurricane Calvin 2010-07-08 2035Z.jpg Calvin 2011 track.png
Duration July 7th - July 10th
intensity 70 kn (130 km / h ) (1 minute) , 984 hPa

On July 5, an area of ​​showers and thunderstorms formed in the south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, which was connected to an extensive depression. The system slowly organized and was classified as Tropical Depression Three-E by the National Hurricane Center on July 7th. At 03:00 UTC on July 8, this system intensified into a tropical storm and was named Calvin . Calvin rapidly intensified into a hurricane and reached its greatest strength late on July 8th. Just as quickly as Calvin had intensified, the hurricane lost its force on July 9th. On July 10th, Calvin degenerated into a residual low.

Hurricane Dora

Category 4 hurricane
Hurricane Dora July 21 1445Z.jpg Dora 2011 track.png
Duration July 18 - July 24
intensity 135 kn (250 km / h ) (1 minute) , 929 hPa

On July 16, the National Hurricane Center began monitoring a low pressure area off the coast of Guatemala. The system slowly organized and eventually gained enough strength to be declared a tropical low pressure system early on July 18th. Just three hours later, the system was upgraded to a tropical storm. Dora continued to intensify, reaching hurricane strength late July 20, before Dora rapidly intensified into a major hurricane the following day. Dora continued to move northwest parallel to the Mexican coast and peaked early on July 21 as a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale . Hurricane Dora hit cooler water the next day and began to weaken. On July 23, Dora was downgraded to a tropical storm, and the following day Dora lost its tropical properties.

Hurricane Eugene

Category 4 hurricane
Hurricane Eugene Aug 3 2011 2110Z.jpg Eugene 2011 track.png
Duration July 31st - August 6th
intensity 120 kn (220 km / h ) (1 minute) , 942 hPa

On the morning of July 31st, a tropical wave developed into a tropical depression in the eastern Pacific a few hundred miles south of Mexico. Meteorologists numbered it with the name Five-E. It intensified into tropical storm Eugene just 6 hours later after it was upgraded to depression. On the afternoon of August 1, Eugene intensified into a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The next day, Eugene intensified further into a Category 2 hurricane. Early on August 3, Eugene intensified into a Category 3 hurricane, the third major hurricane of the season. It was expected that it will now weaken. But on the afternoon of August 3, Eugene intensified further into a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale with wind speeds of up to 220 km / h. Eugene reached Category 4 status only briefly, and just six hours later the hurricane weakened to a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 200 km / h. Eugene continued to weaken rapidly, and on August 5 it was downgraded from a Category 2 hurricane with adverse conditions to a tropical storm. On August 6, Eugene became extratropical.

Tropical storm Fernanda

Tropical storm
Tropical Storm Fernanda Aug 17 2011 1955Z.jpg Fernanda 2011 track.png
Duration August 15 - August 19
intensity 60 kn (110 km / h ) (1 minute) , 992 hPa

In the afternoon of August 13, a low pressure area with a group of thunderstorms formed over the open Pacific Ocean. Thunderstorm activity was limited at first, but on August 15 the National Hurricane Center classified the system as Tropical Depression Six-E and a day later as Tropical Storm Fernanda. In the early hours of August 18, Fernanda crossed the 140th degree of western longitude and reached the central Pacific Ocean, where the storm weakened to a post-tropical depression during the day. Fernanda passed directly south of the Hawaiian Islands and broke up southwest of the Big Island on August 19.

Hurricane Greg

Category 1 hurricane
Hurricane Greg Aug 18 2011 2025Z.jpg Greg 2011 track.png
Duration August 16 - August 21
intensity 75 kn (140 km / h ) (1 minute) , 979 hPa

On the afternoon of August 16, a strong low pressure area developed into the Tropical Low Pressure Area Sieben-E. 12 hours after formation, it intensified into Tropical Storm Greg. The storm moved constantly over water surfaces with a temperature of 29 ° C and reached hurricane status late on August 17th with wind speeds of 140 km / h and an air pressure of 979 hPa . Soon after, Greg began encountering cooler waters and the system weakened to a tropical storm on August 19th. At this point Greg only had maximum wind speeds of 65 km / h and was just a weak tropical storm. During the course of August 20th, Greg weakened further due to wind shear and was now nothing more than a tropical depression. The next day, Greg degenerated into a tropical wave and moved northeast through a high pressure area. From the evening of August 22nd through the afternoon of August 23rd, Greg's leftovers impacted the weather in Southern California, even though they were far southwest of California . The remnants moved west during August 24th and weakened rapidly. Late that day, the residues completely dissolved.

Eight-E tropical depression

Tropical depression
8-E Aug 31 2011 1955Z.jpg 08-E 2011 track.png
Duration August 31st - September 1st
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1002 hPa

On August 31, a well-defined depression developed into the Eight-E Tropical Depression, very close to Mexico . Eight-E weakened after landfall and dissolved again the next day over mountainous Jalisco .

Hurricane Hilary

Category 4 hurricane
Hurricane Hilary Sept 23 2011 2000Z.jpg Hilary 2011 track.png
Duration September 21st - September 30th
intensity 125 kn (230 km / h ) (1 minute) , 942 hPa

On September 18, a wide depression associated with thunderstorm activity began showing signs of organization while located several hundred miles south-southeast of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Moving west, and west-northwest, the disturbance gained enough organization to be recognized as a tropical depression early on September 21, the ninth of the season. A few hours later it organized itself into a tropical storm and was named Hilary. On the morning of September 22nd, meteorologists declared Hilary a Category 1 hurricane. By the afternoon of September 22nd, it rapidly intensified into a small Category 4 hurricane with a well-defined eye. Hilary holds Category 4 status for four days before weakening into a Category 3 hurricane on September 25. Hilary continued to weaken and was finally only a Category 1 hurricane on September 28, and a weak tropical storm the day after with wind speeds of only 65 km / h. After all, on September 30th Hilary was only a low pressure area with an air pressure of only 1005 hPa . On the same day, Hilary dissolved over the open Pacific.

The National Hurricane Center raised the possibility that up to 250 mm of rain could fall in Guerrero and Oaxaca . Storm warnings have been issued for parts of the coast. Officials asked local residents to evacuate. The port of Acapulco was closed to small craft businesses.

The outer rainbands produced heavy rains over Chiapas and Tabasco , with accumulations of 219 mm in 24 hours. Several rivers in the region have overflowed and flooded nearby areas. In Villahermosa it was recorded how heavy rain caused the sewer system to collapse. As a result, many streets were flooded. In addition, cars were stranded in the flood. In Colima the waves reached heights of 2.5 to 4.5 meters.

Hurricane Jova

Category 3 hurricane
Hurricane Jova Oct 10 2011 1740Z.jpg Jova 2011 track.png
Duration October 5th - October 12th
intensity 110 kn (205 km / h ) (1 minute) , 955 hPa

On October 1, a low pressure area with showers and thunderstorms developed several hundred miles south of Mexico. It slowly organized itself, and the National Hurricane Center declared it a tropical depression in the early hours of October 6th. It was named Ten-E. It was predicted that it would intensify into a tropical storm and was named Jova. The tropical storm became a Category 3 hurricane on October 8, and a Category 3 major hurricane on October 10. However, the storm weakened to a Category 2 hurricane shortly after a new eyewall formation before making landfall Jalisco , Mexico made. On October 13th, Jova was just a low pressure area and dissolved.

Jova killed 8 people and caused $ 27.5 million in damage.

Hurricane Irwin

Category 2 hurricane
Hurricane Irwin Oct 7 2011 1850Z.jpg Irwin 2011 track.png
Duration October 5th - October 16th
intensity 85 kn (155 km / h ) (1 minute) , 976 hPa

In early October, an area of ​​showers and thunderstorms developed into a depression several hundred miles south of Mexico. The air pressure quickly gained organization, and in the wee hours of October 6th, the National Hurricane Center declared it a Tropical Depression Elf-E. Just a little later, it turned into a tropical storm and was named Irwin. Irwin became a Category 2 hurricane on October 7th due to favorable conditions and had an air pressure of 976 hPa . But the next day it weakened again to a tropical storm, and then to a tropical depression. Later, however, Irwin became a weak tropical storm again before weakening back to a low pressure area. Irwin disbanded late October 16.

Tropical Depression Twelve-E

Tropical depression
12-E Oct 12 2011 1715Z.jpg 12-E 2011 track.png
Duration October 12th - October 13th
intensity 30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1005 hPa

On October 12th, a low pressure area formed in the southern Gulf of Tehuantepec, which later became more and more organized and became a tropical low pressure area. It was named Twelve-E. The next day, it made landfall in Guatemala and southwestern Mexico and disbanded.

It caused severe flooding in southwest Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua . At least 30 people were killed by the depression.

Hurricane Kenneth

Category 4 hurricane
Hurricane Kenneth Nov 22 2011 1800Z.jpg Kenneth 2011 track.png
Duration November 19 - November 25
intensity 125 kn (230 km / h ) (1 minute) , 940 hPa

Early on November 16, an area of ​​disturbed weather formed several hundred miles south of the coast of Guatemala . Over the next 3 days the disorder moved west and gradually organized. By November 19, the disturbance had enough organization to be classified as a Tropical Depression Thirteen-E. The next day, the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and was named Kenneth. From November 21, Kenneth experienced a rapid intensification, whereupon he was first upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane, then later on November 21 to a Category 2 hurricane. On the morning of November 22nd, Kenneth reached Category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale . The storm continues to intensify rapidly and was upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane just a few hours later. That day, Kenneth also peaked. The cause of this abnormal and rapid intensification was low wind shear. In addition, warmer waters stood in the way of the storm. However, Kenneth's intensification was only very short-lived, as Kenneth later encountered cooler waters and an area with strong wind shear, so that the storm weakened to a tropical depression by November 25th. On this day the storm degenerated into a tropical wave again and moved towards the northwest. On November 28th, Kenneth's remains dissolved completely.

Kenneth was the first and only major hurricane in the Eastern Pacific to be observed in November.

Time course of the season

Saffir-Simpson-Hurrikan-Windskala

Storm names

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes that formed in the eastern Pacific Ocean in 2011 were named using the list of names below. These names will also be used during the 2017 Pacific hurricane season , when the World Meteorological Organization does not delete them from the list of tropical cyclone names in the spring of 2012 . Names that have not been assigned are shown in gray .

  • Adrian
  • Beatrice
  • Calvin
  • Dora
  • Eugene
  • Fernanda
  • Greg
  • Hilary
  • Irwin
  • Jova
  • Kenneth
  • Lidia  (unused)
  • Max  (unused)
  • Norma  (unused)
  • Otis  (unused)
  • Pilar  (unused)
  • Ramon  (unused)
  • Selma  (unused)
  • Todd  (unused)
  • Veronica  (unused)
  • Wiley  (unused)
  • Xina  (unused)
  • York  (unused)
  • Zelda  (unused)

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes that formed in the central Pacific Ocean in 2011 are given names from a separate list of names. These are awarded by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center . The next four names that will be given are:

  • Pewa  (unused)
  • Unala  (unused)
  • Wali  (unused)
  • Ana  (unused)

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Climate Prediction Center, NOAA : Background Information: East Pacific Hurricane Season . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2006. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  2. ↑ a b c Gerald Bell, Jae Schemm, Eric Blake, Todd Kimberlain and Christopher Landsea: 2011 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Outlook ( English ) NOAA. May 19, 2011. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved on May 19, 2011.
  3. ↑ 2011 hurricane season outlook ( English , PDF, 65k; 66 kB) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. 2010. Accessed on June 16, 2011.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.weather.gov  
  4. ^ Blake, Eric: Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  5. ^ Cangialosi, John: Tropical Depression One-E Discussion Number One ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  6. ↑ Blake, Eric: Tropical Storm Adrian Discussion Number Three ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  7. ↑ Kimberlain, Todd: Hurricane Adrian Public Advisory 6A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 9, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  8. ^ Avila, Lixion A .: Hurricane Adrian Discussion Number Nine . National Hurricane Center. June 9, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  9. ^ Stewart, Stacy: Hurricane Adrian Discussion Number Eleven ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 9, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  10. ^ Avila, Lixion A .: Hurricane Adrian Discussion Number Ten ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 9, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  11. ↑ Landsea, Chris / Avila, Lixion A .: Tropical Storm Adrian Discussion Number Seventeen ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  12. ^ Avila, Lixion A .: Tropical Storm Adrian Discussion Number Eighteen ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 11, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  13. ^ Cangialosi, John: Tropical Depression Adrian Advisory Number 20 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 12, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
  14. ↑ Kimberlain, Todd: Post-tropical Cyclone Adrian Discussion Number 21 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 12, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
  15. ^ Berg, Robbie: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 14, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
  16. ^ Rubio, Gladys: Tropical Weather Discussion ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 14, 2011. Accessed June 19, 2011.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nhc.noaa.gov  
  17. ^ Rubio, Gladys: Tropical Weather Discussion ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 15, 2011. Retrieved on June 19, 2011.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nhc.noaa.gov  
  18. ^ Berg, Robbie: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 17, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
  19. ↑ Brennan, Michael: Tropical Depression TWO-E Discussion Number One ( English ) June 19, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
  20. ↑ Brennan, Michael: Tropical Storm Beatriz Public Advisory Number One ( English ) June 19, 2011. Accessed June 19, 2011.
  21. ↑ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive (1100 AM PDT July 5 2011) ( English ) In: Graphical Outlook Archive . National Hurricane Center . Retrieved on 2011-19-07.
  22. ↑ Stewart: Tropical Depression FOUR-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  23. ↑ Stewart: Tropical Storm Dora Tropical Cyclone Update ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  24. ↑ Brown: Hurricane Dora Advisory Number 7 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  25. ^ Pasch: Post-Tropical Cyclone Dora Advisory Number 26 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 24, 2011. Accessed July 31, 2011.
  26. ↑ Tropical Depression Fernanda Advisory 18 ( English ) 20 August 2011. Retrieved on 20 August 2011th
  27. ↑ prh.noaa.gov
  28. ↑ af.reuters.com

Web links

Commons : Pacific Hurricane Season 2011  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files