Illarion Alexandrowitsch Ivanov-Schitz
Illarion Alexandrowitsch Ivanov-Schitz ( Russian Илларио́н Алекса́ндрович Ивано́в-Шиц ; * March 16 July / March 28, 1865 greg. In Mikhailovka in the Voronezh governorate ; † December 7, 1937 in Moscow ) was an important Russian architect .
Life
Ivanov-Schitz attended the Voronezh Realschule and studied from 1883 at the St. Petersburg Architecture and Building School, the Civil Engineering Institute , together with Viktor Andreevich Velichkin , Lev Nikolayevich Kekuschew and Nikolai Evgenjewitsch Markow . During his studies he was awarded several gold medals. After graduating in 1888, he studied contemporary architecture in Germany , Austria and Switzerland .
After his return to Moscow in 1889 , Ivanov-Schitz worked for two years as an assistant to the city architect Max Hoeppener and as an unscheduled civil engineer in the building department of the Moscow government administration . In 1890 the mayor hired him as a city architect, and in 1891 he was appointed to the Interior Ministry's Construction Technology Committee, which examined and approved the construction projects. From 1891 to 1892 he traveled repeatedly to Western Europe and got to know in particular the buildings of the important Austrian architect Otto Wagner .
Ivanov-Schitz initially followed historicism , as the orphanage founded by Nikolai Masurin (1892-1893), a trade school (1893-1903) and various tenement houses (1895-1896) showed. His first major contract with Lew Kekuschew was the construction of railway stations, car halls, workshops and homes for the Vologda - Arkhangelsk - Railway (1895-1896). As an intern, he worked in Lev Kekushev's company and built inconspicuous apartment buildings. He took over Kekuschew's so-called Franco - Belgian Modernism with its curvy, splendid decorations and applied them successfully, but then made him famous for taking over the Viennese Art Nouveau . In 1905 he became head of the building department of the Moscow City Council.
Ivanov-Schitz now built with an emphasis on the vertical and a combination of stone, tiles and stucco. He was particularly in demand after the revolution of 1905 , when criticism of the previous ostentatious style led to the preference for the classic . Examples were in Moscow the municipal Volkshaus (1904), the Morosow children's clinic (1900-1905), the merchant's club (1910) and the Schanyawskij University (1911-1913 together with the physicist Alexander Alexandrowitsch Eichenwald , the engineer Vladimir Grigoryevich Schukow and the Architect Alexander Nikolajewitsch Sokolow ).
After the October Revolution Ivanov Schitz was until 1928 the chief architect for the expansion of the by entrepreneur Kosma Terentievich Soldatjonkow donated hospital in Votkinsk , he that during the Russian Civil War had a permanent job. In the early 1920s, he carried out projects to build and renovate residential buildings in Moscow for the People's Commissariat for Finance. In 1929 he modernized a Moscow eye clinic. 1925–1936 he built sanatoriums in Sochi , Barwicha and Abastumani . In 1930 he was entrusted with the renovation of the floor with the historic halls (by Konstantin Andreevich Thon and Nikolai Ivanovich Tschitschagow ) of the Great Kremlin Palace for the meetings of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , which was reversed after 1990 by Miron Ivanovich Mershanov .
Ivanov-Schitz's grave is in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
literature
- Gennady Vasilyev: Viennese Modernism: Discourses and Reception in Russia. Frank & Timme Verlag for Scientific Literature, Berlin 2015, pp. 80–82. ISBN 978-3-7329-0137-1
- William Craft Brumfield: The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture. University of California Press, 1991.
- William Craft Brumfield: Commerce in Russian Urban Culture 1861-1914. The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-6750-7 .
- Maria Naschtschokina : Architektory moskowskogo moderna: tworcheskie portrety. Verlag Schiraf (Giraffe), Moscow 2005, ISBN 5-89832-043-1 , pp. 222-231 (Russian).
Web links
Moscow People's House (1904)
Moscow PetroCommerce Bank
Moscow Merchants' Club (1910), now the Lenkom Theater
Moscow Merchants Club
Muir & Mirillies department store
Moscow Morozov Hospital (1900–1905)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ivanov-Schitz, Illarion Alexandrowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ивано́в-Шиц, Илларио́н Алекса́ндрович (Russian spelling); Ivanov-Shitz, Illarion Aleksandrovich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian architect |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 28, 1865 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Mikhailovka, Voronezh Governorate |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 7, 1937 |
| Place of death | Moscow |