Lev Nikolayevich Kekuschew

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Lev Nikolayevich Kekuschew (1907)

Lev Nikolajewitsch Kekuschew ( Russian Лев Николаевич Кекушев ; * 7 February July / 19 February  1862 greg. In Vilna ; † 1917 ) was a Russian architect and university teacher .

Life

Kekuschew came from an aristocratic family with many children . His father Nikolai Grigoryevich Kekuschew served since 1838 in the Pavlovsky bodyguard regiment , which was moved to Congress Poland around 1860 . There he met his wife Konstanzija, daughter of a Catholic landlord from the Wojewódzki family. In 1861 he left military service as a major and joined the engineering corps in Wilna in 1863 . For reasons of service, the family moved to St. Petersburg in 1863 , to Pskov in 1864 , to Novgorod in 1865 and then finally lived in Vilnius.

Lev Kekuschew graduated from secondary school in Wilna in 1883 and then studied at the St. Petersburg Civil Engineering Institute together with Viktor Velichkin , Illarion Ivanov-Schitz and Nikolai Markow . As a diploma thesis, he planned a slaughterhouse in St. Petersburg. He completed his studies in May 1888 as a civil engineer with a silver medal for success in architecture and with the right to the Xth class . He had already started community service in February to work on the civil engineering committee of the Ministry of the Interior. However, he was on leave in November. From February to December 1889, Kekuschew assisted his relative WG Wojewódzki in the construction of the central slaughterhouse in St. Petersburg and built parts of the complex himself. In 1890 he was reassigned to the civil engineering committee. In June 1890, he finally left the public service and settled in Moscow .

Immediately after his arrival in Moscow was Kekuschew assistant to the Austrian architect Simon Eibuschitz the construction of the central bath and an apartment building of Chludow -Brüder on Teatralny proezd. He worked on this construction site until 1893 and got to know the various construction techniques including forging, electroplating and etching of metals and glass. According to Gawriil Baranowski , Kekuschew also dealt with the artistic design of interiors and industrial design during this time .

Kekuschew's first own construction project was the construction of the A. I. Obuchowa villa on Maly Koslowski Pereulok 4. In 1893 he founded his own construction company. At the same time he took over the office of district architect, which he gave up again in 1898. In the 1890s, together with Ivanov-Schitz, he designed the Yaroslavl - Vologda - Arkhangelsk railway . Later he expanded the building of the Yaroslavl train station .

In addition, Kekuschew taught in 1898 and 1899 at the Imperial Moscow Technical University and until 1901 at the Stroganov University . 1901–1904 he taught at the Moscow School of Transportation Engineers . Alexander Kuznetsov and Ivan Fomin were among his students and assistants .

From 1898 to 1899 Kekuschew built his own villa at 8 Glasowski Pereulok as one of the first examples of the so-called Moscow Modernism based on Art Nouveau . As early as 1900 he sold the villa to Otto Adolfowitsch List (nephew of Gustav List ), so that it has since been known as the List villa. From 1900 to 1903, Kekuschew had the new Kekuschew Villa (Uliza Ostoshenka 21) built by Vasily Sergejewitsch Kuznetsov according to his own plans . The house is considered a model of the villa of Mikhail Bulgakov's Margarita . In contrast to Fyodor Schechtels and William Walcot's later modernism, Kekuschew's style was close to Victor Horta's early Franco - Belgian modernism .

In 1899, Kekuschew won the building competition for the Hotel Metropol (Teatralny Projesd 2) by the entrepreneur Sawwa Mamontow , who preferred William Walcot's design. After Mamontov's bankruptcy and arrest, the new owners commissioned Kekushev with the construction. His assistants and co-authors of the project were Nikolai Lwowitsch Schewjakow (1868–1942) and Wladimir Wassiljewitsch Wojeikow . Other assistants are Sergei Alexandrowitsch Vlassjew , Nikolai Dmitrijewitsch Polikarpow , Konstantin Burow and Vitaly Semjonowitsch Maslennikow . His long-time assistants were the brothers Sergei and Nikolai Schutzmann . Together with S. S. Schutzmann, he built the M. S. Saarbekow Villa ( Powarskaja Uliza 24) from 1899 to 1900 .

With the acquired assets, Kekuschew built his own apartment buildings. From 1899 he headed the architecture office of the trading and construction stock corporation that Jacob Reck had just founded , on whose behalf he built villas and apartment buildings in Moscow and Tambov . Kekuschew built the Ponisowski villa and the I. A. Mindowski villa (1903–1904) and the Issakov house (1904–1906). He also built the Nikolskije rows on Moscow's Nikolskaya Ulitsa opposite the Upper Trading Rows (now GUM department store ) and the Tsaritsyno station building on the railway line from Moscow to Kursk , which was later replaced by a new building.

After the Russian Revolution in 1905 , public interest turned from the splendor of Moscow Modernism in favor of Neoclassicism and the nationally romantic Northern Modernism . Kekushev did not conform. His most important project, the Eldorado restaurant, was carried out by another architect with significant changes (1907). In the 1910s its activity quickly declined, with the exception of a tenement house for the merchant VJ Bykow (1909–1910, 2nd Brestskaya Ulitsa 19/18) and a hospital for Old Believers in Preobrazhenskoe (1912).

Kekushev was married to Anna Ivanovna, had three children and lived separately from his wife. In 1913, Kekuschew was admitted to a psychiatric clinic . Kekushev's name and address were in the Moscow address book until 1917.

Kekushev's son Nikolai (1898–1978) joined the cadet corps in 1912 and became a pilot. For the fighting in Central Asia in 1924 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner . As an on-board mechanic, he flew with Pawel Georgijewitsch Golowin over the North Pole in 1937 in preparation for Ivan Dmitrijewitsch Papanin's North Pole expedition . In the German-Soviet war he carried out 59 supply flights during the Leningrad blockade . In 1948 he was arrested with subsequent jezkazgan -Lagerhaft. He wrote a memory book.

  • A. I. Obuchowa Villa (left), Maly Koslowski Pereulok 4, Moscow

  • List-Villa, Glasowski Pereulok 8, Moscow

  • Kekushev Villa, 21 Ostoshenka Street, Moscow

  • Hotel Metropol , Teatralny Projesd 2, Moscow

  • M.-S.-Saarbekow-Villa, Powarskaja Uliza 24, Moscow

  • Mindovsky Villa, Powarskaya Ulitsa 44/2, Moscow

  • Issakov House, 28 Pretschistenka Ulitsa, Moscow

  • Ponisovsky Villa, Powarskaya Ulitsa 42/1, Moscow

  • V.-J.-Bykov tenement house, 2. Brestskaya Ulitsa 19/18, Moscow

Web links

Commons : Lev Nikolajewitsch Kekuschew  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Naschtschokina MW : Московский архитектор Лев Кекушев . 3. Edition. Коло, St. Petersburg 2012, ISBN 978-5-901841-97-6 .
  2. ↑ a b c Naschtschokina MW: Московский модерн. Творческие портреты . 3. Edition. Жираф, Moscow 2005, ISBN 5-89832-043-1 , p. 236-253 .
  3. ↑ a b Зодчие Москвы времени эклектики, модерна и неоклассицизма (1830-е – 1917  годы) . КРАБиК, Moscow 1998, ISBN 5-900395-17-0 , p. 130-132 .
  4. ↑ Барановский Г. В .: Юбилейный сборник сведений о деятельности бывших воспитанников Института гражданик гражданивих инлеждананских инлеждананских инлеждананских инленеростих Т1892 (щажданских инлена) 18–92.  1 . Изд-во Ин-та гражд. инженеров, St. Petersburg 1892, p. 146 .
  5. ↑ Правительственные распоряжения . In: Неделя строителя . No. 19 , 1899, pp. 146 .
  6. ↑ Naschtschokina MW: Московский модерн . 3. Edition. Коло, St. Petersburg 2011, ISBN 978-5-901841-65-5 , p. 128-354 .
  7. ↑ a b Мурзина, Марина: От модерна до панели . In: Argumenty i facty . No. 12 , 2014, p. 42 ( [1] accessed December 30, 2017).
  8. ^ William Craft Brumfield : The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture . University of California Press, 1991.
  9. ↑ И. В. Поткина: Рекк Яков Андреевич (accessed December 18, 2017).
  10. ↑ Звериада . Moscow 1991.
personal data
SURNAME Kekuschew, Lev Nikolajewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Кекушев, Лев Николаевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH February 19, 1862
PLACE OF BIRTH Vilna
DATE OF DEATH 1917