Alexander Alexandrovich oak forest

Alexander Alexandrovich Eichenwald ( Russian Александр Александрович Эйхенвальд * December 23, 1863 ^{. Jul} / 4. January  1864 ^greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 12. September 1944 in Milan ) was a Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Eichenwald's father, Alexander Fyodorowitsch Eichenwald, was a photographer with a studio in Moscow's Petrowski Passage, who aimed at artistic photography . The mother Ida Ivanovna Eichenwald, born Papendick, was a harpist and professor at the Moscow Conservatory .

Eichenwald attended the private Kreimann grammar school in Moscow from 1873 to 1883. He was friends with Pyotr Nikolayevich Lebedev since his youth . After finishing school, Eichenwald began studying at Moscow University (MGU) in the natural history department of the physics and mathematics faculty . In June 1885 he moved to the St. Petersburg Institute of Traffic Engineers , where he graduated in 1888 with a 1st class diploma. Then he worked as an engineer in the Ryazan - Ural - Railway and lived with his father in Moscow. 1890–1895 he worked as assistant to the chief engineer in the planning and construction of the Kiev sewerage system .

In 1895 Eichenwald went to Strasbourg and studied experimental physics with Ferdinand Braun and theoretical physics with Emil Cohn at the University of Strasbourg . With his dissertation on the absorption of electromagnetic waves in electrolytes he was in 1897 for Dr. phil. nat. (philosophiae naturalis) . When he returned to Moscow, Lebedev, who taught physics at the new engineering school , gave him his job. Eichenwald set up a research laboratory there, in which he investigated the magnetic effect of bodies moving in an electrostatic field from 1901 to 1904. When he defended the resulting master’s thesis , he was admitted to defense as a doctoral thesis at MGU on the recommendation of Professors Lebedev, Nikolai Alexejewitsch Umow and Alexei Petrovich Sokolow , which he successfully completed in 1908. His other work confirmed the theoretical ideas of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and matched the theory of relativity . He also supplemented the Drude theory with his analysis of light waves . For this he wrote a number of textbooks on physics.

In addition, Eichenwald has been teaching at the higher Guerrier courses for women since 1901 , for which he organized the project for the construction of a physics- chemistry building with the architect Alexander Nikolajewitsch Sokolow . In 1905 Eichenwald was elected director of the Moscow Engineering School (until 1908). He immediately proposed a reform of the teaching system. In 1908 he became an adjunct there and in 1910 an associate professor. In addition, he taught from 1907 at the Moscow Trade Institute (until 1917), where he became a full professor at the Department of Physics in 1912.

In 1909 Eichenwald was elected associate professor at the chair for physics and physical geography at MGU. In 1911 he left the MGU together with 130 professors and lecturers in protest when the new education minister Léon Casso intervened in the MGU's autonomy rights regarding the appointment of professors ( Casso affair ). He returned to the MGU after the February Revolution in 1917 and was released on November 1, 1918 after the October Revolution . In 1919 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine .

In September 1920 Eichenwald traveled to Berlin with his second wife Jelena Konstantinowna on behalf of the state to purchase scientific literature and equipment. Apparently he did not return from Berlin because of his deteriorating health. He went to Prague , where in 1923 he became a professor at the Russian Comenius Institute for Education and gave lectures on physical methodology and cosmography . In 1926 he settled in Milan. He sent his scientific work to Moscow for publication. His last work on high amplitude acoustic waves was published in 1934 in the USSR in the Uspechi Fisitscheskich Nauk .

Eichenwald's siblings Margarita , Nadeschda and Anton were musicians .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Русское зарубежье. Великие соотечественники. 100 судеб русской эмиграции в XX веке . Jausa catalog, Moscow 2018, ISBN 978-5-906716-60-6 , p. 623-625 .
2. ↑ JA Chramow: oak forest Alexander Alexandrowitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physics: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka , Moscow 1983, p. 309 (Russian).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} MGU: Эйхенвальд Александр Александрович (accessed November 16, 2018).
4. ↑ Александр Федорович Эйхенвальд (accessed November 17, 2018).
5. ↑ ^{a b} European instrumentalists of the 18th and 19th centuries: Eichenwald, Eichenwald-Papendiek, Papendick-Eichenwald, Ida Iwanowna Ivanovna (accessed on November 14, 2018).