Innsbrucker (Prüller) herb book

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Prüll. State Library Munich, Clm 536, sheet 86r-86v, 87r
Innsbruck. University and State Library, Cod. 652, Sheet 78v, 79r

Innsbrucker (Prüller) Herb Book is the name of the first treatise on medicinal herbs in German. The earliest known manuscripts (main manuscripts) of this herbal book are dated to the 12th century. The name is derived from the storage place Innsbruck of one and from the place of origin Prüll the other main manuscript. The Prüller manuscript was created a little earlier than the Innsbruck manuscript.

Lore

  • Prüll. Munich State Library. Clm 536, sheets 86r-87r. Prüll 1143-1145. Prüller herbal book
  • Innsbruck. University and State Library, Cod. 652, Sheet 78v-79r; Bavarian-Austrian, 3rd quarter of the 12th century. Innsbruck herb book
  • Vienna. Austrian National Library. Cod. 1118, sheets 79v-81r and 81v; Bavarian-Austrian, 1st half of the 13th century
  • Munich State Library. Cgm 5248/11. Bavarian, 3rd quarter of the 12th century
  • Munich State Library. Clm 14851, pp. 105-119; Bavarian, soon after 1250 (extended version.)
  • Solothurn. Central library, Cod. S 386, Alemannic (Ravensburg) 1463–1466, sheet 72r (litter tradition)
  • Manuscript census: 'Innsbrucker (Prüler) herb book.' Lore.

Edition

The two main manuscripts were edited and commented on by Friedrich Wilhelm .

content

The text was probably written around 1100 in Bavaria. A clerical doctor is presumed to be the author. Based on pre-Salernitan and folk medicine sources, he listed around 20 drugs and gave one or two therapeutic indications for each . He wrote about local garden herbs as well as drugs of foreign origin. Since the 13th century, the Innsbrucker (Prüler) herb book has been replaced by more extensive works.

Botanical interpretation attempt Text taking into account the main manuscripts Prüll and Innsbruck Translation attempt
Yſopo. In the Middle Ages, hyssop was also grown north of the Alps. Ysopo iŏt gŏt chrut. obe diu gebŏrt ſtirbeſt in demo wibe. drink iz with warm wazzer. ſo uert iz uone ire. He it gŏt would -

[ a Prüll: ] ſtenken [ b Innsbruck: ] stab

- below help also. that of the mage ſvirt

Hyssop is a good herb. If the birth in the woman dies, drink hyssop with warm water, and the dead child will be released from her. It's good for that - stitch? - and also helps those whose stomach is “svirt”, ie swollen or inflamed (ulcerated).
Bibinella. Bibernelles, probably . It cannot be decided whether the Kleine Bibernelle or the Große Bibernelle was meant. Bibinella is good to all arbaites of the heart. the ſi with eziche ſŏdit. unte ſi ſo niuzet. Bibernelle strengthens the heart if you boil it with vinegar and ingest it.
With Gentiana the yellow gentian was meant north of the Alps . "Hemer" or "Hemere" is interpreted as a blue monkshood , a hellebore or as a white Germer . Genciana unte diu hemere gesoteniu with ezzich. iſt gt the raging. Yellow gentian and “hemere” boiled with vinegar are good for the mad.
Stainfar. Most likely to be interpreted as a brown-stemmed striped fern , which was used in the magic analogy of folk medicine. Common potted fern is also an option Stainfar genozzen with prote iſt den gŏt den lanche we tŏint. Stone fern enjoyed with bread is good for those who have a sore loin.
Scellewrze = celandine . Scellewrze ſoch is good for the tuna ŏgen. obe ſi tempered with wine. vnte with oleo. below with wizem ingeber. Celandine juice is good for dark eyes when mixed (tempered) with wine, olive oil, and white ginger.
Biboz = mugwort . Biboz iſt bless the daring zane. iſt the wib zediu gŏt. da ſi there enjoy. bint irz uf the book. ſi enjoy ſa zeſtunte. -

[ a Prüll: ]: nim iz from scire. in addition, it is close.

[ b Innsbruck: ] nim iz have ſchire daz daz innader hiut followed.

Mugwort is good for the "daring zane" (wandering urinary tract stone?). Mugwort is good for the woman recovering from childbirth. Tie her mugwort on her stomach and she'll recover quickly. Take it away as soon as possible so that there is no incident of internal organs.
Senef = types of mustard Mustard is tasty with honey flavor. iſt gŏt ze the blooming hiute. Crushing mustard and mixing it with honey is good for withered (bloomed) skin.
Mint = species of mint . Mint iŏt g wrt wr die lust deſhureſ. Mint is good for hair loss.
Ebom = common ivy . Ebom it gt the drop whether he drinks the ſoch. Ivy is good for stroke if you drink the juice.
Ephich = real celery . Epich iſt gt liuten the anger. below those of the book we tuot. whether he bathe in trinchet in demo. Celery is good for choleric people and those who have stomach ache. One should drink celery in the bath.
Huſwrze = roof houseleek . Huſwrze sohc is good that belongs to the ubele. Trophet in the iz inz ore. miſkiſ with hiuner ſmalze. Houseleek juice is good for those who don't hear well. It should be mixed with chicken lard and dripped into his ear.
Galgan = real galangal . Daz galgan is warm nature. iz doievvet unte loſit. make the munt uil ſiuze ſtinkent. bring the man down. under daz vvib ze mihchelen minnen. Galangal is warm in nature. He digests and dissolves. Makes the mouth a pleasant smell and brings man and woman great love.
Citwar = citrus root . Citwar iſt alſam. was daz iz ſterchet den stomach ze ezzene. below iſt gŏt vvr di hechunge der puswarmei. unt is gŏt wr dei wib. Citwar has the property that it strengthens the stomach. It's good for "pus worm injuries" and is good for women.
Ingeber = ginger . In addition, the nature is warm. iſt gŏt iohc old wiben under old livten. iz ſuentet allan den ſithům iſt och gŏt wr the zandeſuern. Ginger is also warm in nature. Good for old women and old people too. It reverses all sickness and is also good for toothache.
Perthram = Perennial Bertram . Perthtram iſt gŏt wr daz roz. iz ſuentet daz. below iſt gŏt vvr other ſihtŏm deſ mundeſ below the chelen. Bertram is good against snot, he eliminates it. And is good against other diseases of the mouth and throat.
Nux muſcat = nutmeg tree . Nux muſcat iſt warm nature. ſi sterchet the man. ſi machet ſiuzez kuſſen ſi iſt gůt wr den ſihtům the life below the spleen. Nutmeg is warm in nature. It strengthens the man and brings about pleasant kissing. It is good for diseases of the liver and spleen.
Peonia = peonies . Peonia iſt gůt fur ze bring the wiben ir nature blooms. ſi dewinget und iſt gŏt fur di gith. below wr the wellunge deſ libeſ. Peony is good for giving women their bleeding. It relieves and is good for gout and against swelling of the body.
Liquiritia = real liquorice Liquiritia iſt gŏt uur die hůſten. below wr the bruſtſweren. Licorice is good for coughs and chest problems.
Collirium ualde mirabile caligantibuſ oculiſ et omnibuſ doloribuſ oculorum prodeſt. An ophthalmic remedy that works very well for darkening the eyes and treating eye pain.
Mel coctum abſque fumo. oleum oliue. dulce acetum. lac femineum. ſucum edere terrestis. ſaliſ gemme. ſucum tail. De omnibuſ equiſ ponderibuſ commiſce. in eneo uaſe. dimitte donec fiat uiride. et ſic in oculis center. probatum est. About smokeless fire boiled honey, olive oil, sweet vinegar, breast milk, juice of ground ivy , rock salt and juice of rue . The same weight of everyone. Mix together in a copper bowl until it starts to turn green. And bring them to the eyes like that. It's proven.
Rutam ſiccam et mel atticum. equiſ ponderibus miſce. et oculoſ inunge. certum eſt lacrimaſ reſtringere. Mix equal parts of dried rue and Attic honey. Apply it to the eyes. It is a surefire way to reduce the flow of tears.
Ad lapidem oculorum. uel ad eoſ qui anguloſ oculorum confractoſ ab humore habent. Roſe et feniculi radiceſ et ex aqua fontana. et olei par coctioni. To the "eye stone", or for those who have dandruff in the corners of their eyes caused by the juices. Rose and fennel roots are cooked in a mixture of equal parts of spring water and oil.

literature

  • Valeria di Clemente: Il Prüller herbal book: Aspetti paleografici e grafematici del testimone Clm. 536. In: I Germani e la scrittura. Atti pp. 113-125
  • Gundolf Keil : 'Innsbrucker (Prüler) herb book'. In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 4, 1983, Col. 396-398.
  • Gundolf Keil: 'Innsbrucker (Prüller) Herb Book'. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 675.
  • Bernhard Schnell : The Prüller herbal book: For the first herbarium in German. In: Journal for German Antiquity and Literature. 120, pp. 184-202 (1991).
  • Bernhard Schnell: The 'Prüller herb book.' On the tradition and reception of the oldest German herbal book . In: Ralf Plate and Martin Schubert (eds.). Middle High German. Contributions to tradition, language and literature. De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2011. p. 282- ISBN 978-3-11-026234-6

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Munich (Prüll), Clm 536 (digitized version)
  2. ↑ Innsbruck, Cod. 652, sheet 78v (digitized version ) sheet 79r (digitized version )
  3. ↑ Innsbrucker (Prüller) herbal book (litter tradition) Solothurn. Central Library. Cod.S 386 (digitized version)
  4. ↑ Manuscript census (digitized version)
  5. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Monuments of German prose from the 11th and 12th centuries . Munich 1914/16. Department A: Text, pp. 42–45 (digitized version ) . Department B: Commentary, pp. 104–115 (digitized version ) .
  6. ↑ Lexer: swëre, swër digitized .
  7. ↑ Hermann Fischer . Medieval botany. Munich 1929, p. 257: Aconitum napellus… hemer (Gloss.)… P. 271: Helleborus spec. ... hemera (ah, Gloss.) ... p. 287: Veratrum album ... hemera (ah) ...
  8. ↑ Lexer: lanke, lanche (digitized version )
  9. ↑ If “zane” were replaced by “staine” or by “sant”, it would make sense, because all sources ascribe an abortive effect to urinary tract stones and semolina. Here it would mean: "Is good for the wandering (vague) urinary tract stone."
  10. ↑ Lexer: diu… ze diu… (digitized version)
  11. ↑ Lexer: in-aedere = viscera (digitized version )
  12. ↑ The text in the Prüller Codex "... daz daz ineider iht nahcge" was reproduced in the Innsbruck copy as "... daz daz innader hiut nachge" . So “hiut” [skin] in the Innsbruck copy instead of “iht” [not] in the Prüller original.
  13. ↑ A similar popular application of mugwort was described in the German Macer in the 13th century : “… Swelch wip works with a child, sudet si den bibos with wine or with bire unde uses that: si geniset at the stunt. Or you tie the boiled crůt to your right thigh [= to your right thigh], si geniset zuhant. Man sal is at hand when the kint is born but nemen. Sumet one icht, is is narrow. " ( Cpg 226, Alsace 1459-1469, sheet 179v (E) )
  14. ↑ In 1485 the Gart der Gesundheit took over this version from the German Macer: “The master diascorides speaks. Which woman with a child gait ader in work lyt of a child sudet sye the byfoot with wyn ader with beer and the so inside she is recovered zů hant. or one binds ir daz boiled krut to ir right hand diech they recovered zů hant. One sal also zů hant wan daz kint born wirt daz krut abenemen. If you sum up the great damage. " (digitized)
  15. ↑ Lexer: niuwen ... genouwen = crushed (digitized)
  16. ↑ Grimm: drop = apoplexy (digitized version )
  17. ↑ Lexer: döuwen, douwen (digitized version )
  18. ↑ Lexer: loosen, loosen (digitized)
  19. ↑ Lexer: heckunge (digitized version )
  20. ↑ Lexer: pus-worm (digitized version )