Inyoit
| Inyoit | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| chemical formula | Ca [B 3 O 3 (OH) 5 ] • 4H 2 O |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Borates (formerly carbonates, nitrates and borates) |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
6.CA.35 ( 8th edition : V / H.06) 03/26/01/01 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | monoclinic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | monoclinic prismatic; 2 / m |
| Room group (no.) | P 2 1 / a (No. 14) |
| Lattice parameters |
a = 10.53 Å ; b = 12.07 Å; c = 8.41 Å β = 112.9 ° |
| Formula units | Z = 4 |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 2 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 1.875; calculated: 1.87 |
| Cleavage | good after {001}, clearly after {010} |
| Break ; Tenacity | uneven; brittle |
| colour | colorless, white |
| Line color | White |
| transparency | transparent to translucent |
| shine | Glass gloss |
| Crystal optics | |
| Refractive indices |
n α = 1.495 n β = 1.505 to 1.512 n γ = 1.520 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.025 |
| Optical character | biaxial negative |
| Axis angle | 2V = measured: 70 to 84 °; calculated: 70 to 80 ° |
| Other properties | |
| Chemical behavior | water soluble |
Inyoite is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of the " borates ". It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with the chemical composition Ca [B 3 O 3 (OH) 5 ] · 4H 2 O, so it is a water-containing , basic calcium borate .
Inyoit mostly develops tabular to short prismatic crystals and coarse spherulitic or cockscomb- like mineral aggregates with a glass-like sheen on the surfaces. Fresh mineral samples are colorless and transparent. However, due to multiple refraction of light due to polycrystalline formation or if parts of the water of crystallization are lost through dehydration , inyoite can also appear or be white, with the transparency decreasing accordingly.
With a Mohs hardness of 2, inyoite is one of the soft minerals that can be scratched with the fingernail , similar to the reference mineral plaster .
Special properties
The mineral is water-soluble on the one hand and loses its crystal water in dry air on the other. Anyoit mineral samples should therefore be kept in airtight containers to protect them from destruction.
Etymology and history
Inyoit was first discovered in 1914 in the "Mount Blanco Mine" on Mount Blanco (Black Mountains) in Inyo County of the US state of California and described in 1914 by Waldemar Theodore Schaller , who named the mineral after its type locality (county).
classification
In the outdated, but partly still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the inyoite belonged to the common mineral class of "carbonates, nitrates and borates" and there to the department of "group borates", where together with Inderit , Inderborit , Kurnakovit , Meyerhofferit and Solongoit the "Inderit-Meyerhofferit Group" with the system no. V / H.06 formed.
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), assigns the inyoit to the newly defined class of "borates" and there into the department of "triborates". This is further subdivided according to the borate structure, so that the mineral can be found according to its structure in the sub-section "Island Triborates (Neso Triborates)", where it is the only member of the unnamed group 6.CA.35 .
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the Inyoit to the common class of "carbonates, nitrates and borates" and there in the category of "water-containing borates with hydroxyl or halogen", like the outdated Strunz system. Here it can be found together with inderborite and inderite in the unnamed group 03/26/01 within the sub-section “ Hydrous borates with hydroxyl or halogen ”.
Education and Locations
Inyoit forms sedimentary in Bor - deposits , where he often shared with other borates, such as, among others, colemanite , Hydroboracite , Meyerhofferit , Priceit and Ulexit , with the sulfate gypsum socialized occurs.
As a rare mineral formation, Inyoite could only be detected at a few sites, with around 30 sites being known so far (as of 2014). In addition to its type locality Mount Blanco, the mineral occurred in the United States in Corkscrew Canyon, also located in the Black Mountains , and in the "Oliver claim" at Ryan and at Furnace Creek in Inyo County ; the borate deposits or borax open pit near Boron in Kern County and in the Iron Mountain Mine in Shasta County of California are revealed.
Known for their extraordinary inyoit finds are Kirka and Emet in Turkey, where tabular crystals up to 10 centimeters long have been found.
Other locations include Argentina, China, Japan, Canada, Kazakhstan, Peru and Russia.
Crystal structure
Inyoite crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P 2 1 / a (space group no. 14) with the lattice parameters a = 10.53 Å ; b = 12.07 Å; c = 8.41 Å and β = 112.9 ° as well as four formula units per unit cell .
See also
literature
- Waldemar T. Schaller : Mineralogical notes. Koechlinite (bismuth molybdate), a new mineral from Schneeberg. In: Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Volume 4 (1914), pp. 354–356 ( PDF 475.6 kB ; Inyoit p. 3)
- Waldemar T. Schaller: Inyoite and meyerhofferite, two new calcium borates. In: US Geological Survey Bulletin. Volume 610 (1916), 35–55 ( PDF 1.3 MB )
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Inyoit (Wiki)
- Webmineral - Inyoite
- Database-of-Raman-spectroscopy - Inyoite
- American-Mineralogist-Crystal-Structure-Database - Inyoite
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel: Strunz Mineralogical Tables . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 343 .
- ↑ a b c Inyoite , In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America , 2001 ( PDF 67.1 kB )
- ↑ a b c Mindat - Inyoite
- ↑ Mindat - Number of localities for Inyoit
- ↑ Petr Korbel, Milan Novák: Mineral Encyclopedia . Nebel Verlag GmbH, Eggolsheim 2002, ISBN 3-89555-076-0 , p. 132 ( Dörfler Natur ).
- ↑ Find location list for Inyoit in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat