Józefów (Powiat Biłgorajski)
| Józefów | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lublin | ||
| Powiat : | Biłgorajski | ||
| Gmina : | Józefów | ||
| Area : | 5.00 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 29 ' N , 23 ° 3' E | ||
| Height : | 220 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 2512 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 23-460 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 84 | ||
| License plate : | LBL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 853 Biłgoraj - Tomaszów Lubelski | ||
| Next international airport : | Rzeszów-Jasionka | ||
Józefów is a city in Poland in the Lublin Voivodeship in the powiat Biłgorajski . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name .
geography
The city of Józefów is located in southeastern Poland, north of the Krajobrazowy Puszczy Solskiej Park (Solska Primeval Forest Landscape Park) . The state border between Poland and Ukraine runs around 45 kilometers southeast . The small river Niepryszka (also Nepryszka ) has its source in Józefów .
history
Founding up to the world wars
Today's Józefów was founded in 1725 in the area of the village of Majdan Nepryski . The city got its name from its founder Tomasz Józef Zamoyski . The city was built according to Magdeburg law with the right to host four annual markets a year. A wooden town hall was built in the center between 1726 and 1728. In the middle of the 18th century, a hammer mill was built five kilometers from Józefów and was used until 1862. There was also a paper factory near the hammer mill. During the first partition of Poland , the city became part of Austria in 1772 . With the formation of the Duchy of Warsaw , Józefów became part of the same in 1809 and part of Congress Poland in 1815 . The town hall burned down in 1818, the synagogue in 1850 and the paper mill in 1883. In 1870 the place lost its town charter. During the January uprising of the Poles against the Russians on April 24, 1863, 28 insurgents died, among them Mieczysław Romanowski , a Polish poet.
Second World War
In September 1939, during the German invasion of Poland , the city was bombed by the German Air Force and briefly occupied by the Red Army at the end of the month as part of the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland . When the Soviet troops left the city, some Jews also fled to the Soviet Union . On March 18, 1941, around 1,100 Jews from Konin were forcibly resettled in Józefów. Due to the even worse living conditions as a result, a typhus epidemic broke out. In August 1941 some houses burned down. The 2,147 Jews were each allowed 72 grams of bread and 200 grams of sugar per month. As part of Aktion Reinhard , 20 Jews were arrested on May 1, 1942, of whom the Gestapo feared that they might be leaders of resistance movements. More arrests and murders followed in the months that followed. On May 11, 1942, around 130 Jews were gunned down in the street by three Germans, members of the Gestapo or the Schupo. The largest massacre took place on July 13, 1942. 300 young men were brought to Lublin on a train, presumably for forced labor on the airfield there. Another 1,300 to 1,500 Jews were taken two kilometers from Józefów to the forest near the Winiarczykowa Góra mountain and shot there. Some had been shot dead in the city before. The Józefów massacre was carried out by the 101st Police Battalion of the Reserve under Major Trapp. Some Jews survived injured or because they had previously hidden. In the near future, more Jews were deported to Józefów. In September 1942, 70 Jews were shot because the Judenrat had not met a Gestapo demand for money quickly enough. In November 1942 the city was declared " free of Jews ". In the months that followed, police officers and railway protection police hunted down Jews who had escaped and were hiding in the area. Prisoners were murdered. Detained Jews were also robbed by local farmers. In 1943 partisan activities began around Józefów , and in June 1944 30,000 German soldiers were sent to the area to fight them. In July 1944 the area was captured by the Red Army. The number of Jews murdered during the German occupation is estimated at 2,500 to 2,600. How many survived cannot be said.
People's Republic and Third Polish Republic
After the war, the city became part of the People's Republic of Poland . In 1988 Józefów was restored to town.
Population development
In 1921 the population was 1,344 and in 1939 almost 3,000. The majority of the residents were Jews . The population, which was greatly decimated by the Second World War , was 953 in 1951. It grew to 1,400 by 1973 and in 1989 there were 3,000 inhabitants. As of June 30, 2010, 2,389 people were counted in Józefów.
local community
The urban-and-rural community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) has an area of 126.46 km², on which about 6800 people live.
Culture and sights
Buildings
- Neo-Baroque parish church from the 19th century
- Former synagogue , now the city library
- Jewish Cemetery
- Monument to the heroes from 1863 and 1939 to 1944
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
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In the town of Józefów, the voivodship roads 853 ( droga wojewódzka 853 ) and 849 intersect. The 853 runs from east to west. In the east, after about 25 kilometers, it joins state road 17 ( droga krajowa 17 ), which is also European route 372, in Tomaszów Lubelski . In a westerly direction it joins the voivodeship road 835 after about the same distance. The 849 ends in the south after about 20 kilometers in the voivodeship road 849. In the north it joins after about 30 kilometers in Zamość on the national road 74 .
The Rzeszóz Airport is the nearest international airport. It is located about 90 kilometers southwest of Józefów.
Web links
- City and municipality website (Polish)
- Description of the occupation by the Germans (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Number according to the report of the Judenrat, see deathcamps.org, “Jozefow Bilgorajski”, May 28, 2006
- ↑ deathcamps.org, "Jozefow Bilgorajski", May 28, 2006
- ↑ The city's website, “Historia Józefowa” ( Memento of the original from December 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
- ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny, "LUDNOŚĆ - STAN I STRUKTURA W PRZEKROJU TERYTORIALNYM" ( Memento of May 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) as of June 30, 2010.
