Jüdenstrasse (Berlin-Mitte)

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Jüdenstrasse
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Jüdenstrasse
Jüdenstrasse runs from the left corner of the Red Town Hall (bottom right corner of the picture) to the round tower of the Old Town Hall
Basic data
place Berlin
District center
Created in the 13th century
Newly designed around 1960
Connecting roads Rathausstrasse (north)
Neue Jüdenstrasse (south)
Cross streets Stralauer Strasse , Parochialstrasse , Grunerstrasse ,
Gustav-Boess-Strasse
Places Whey market
Buildings Striking development
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport
Technical specifications
Street length 300 m (Jüdenstrasse)
120 m (Neue Jüdenstrasse)

The Jüdenstraße is one of the oldest streets of the old Berlin . It is located in the Berlin district of Mitte of the district of the same .

Origin of name

The word Jüden is a modified variant of the Middle High German word Jews . Jüdenstraße was named at the end of the 13th century after the Great Jüdenhof in medieval Berlin. The street name has been valid since then and was not changed during the National Socialist era .

Road layout

The leadership of Jüdenstraße has survived despite several interim changes to the 21st century. It connects Stralauer Strasse with the former Königstrasse (since 1951: Rathausstrasse ). In the area of ​​the Molkenmarkt it is interrupted by Grunerstrasse . A section extending over Rathausstrasse to the no longer preserved Bischofstrasse bore the name Hoher Steinweg until it was removed at the end of the 1960s . The name was derived from the high stones , which were a better road pavement at the time, because they were higher than the usual ground surface, which was less accessible in bad weather. This path was leveled and included in the green area around the Berlin television tower .

A southern extension to the Spree on Rolandufer was given the name Neue Jüdenstrasse on January 1, 1999 .

history

Jüdenstrasse at the “Iodenhof” in Berlin, early 13th century

The Jüdenstrasse was laid out in the 13th century. There are evidence of Jewish residents in Berlin since 1295.

Old Berlin around 1688 - "v" marks Jüdenstrasse

According to the descriptive tables of the entire royal seat of the year 1799, Jüdenstrasse ran from Stralauer Strasse (house number 1), over Kronengasse - Ratzen-Gasse , past the Großer Jüdenhof , over Siebergasse , Nagelgasse to what was then Königstrasse (house number 32) . Directly at this corner was 1799, the Royal Government House (later Governor House called). Most of the residents of this street were craftsmen, traders and military personnel.

The address book from 1901 gives an impression of the dense development in the historic center of Berlin. The multi-storey rental houses that replaced the small craftsmen's houses and workshops at the end of the 19th century now had 60 house numbers in the shape of a horseshoe , but counting now began on Königstrasse. That was about as many houses as at the end of the 18th century, but the number of residents had risen to an average of more than ten per house. The house no. 51/52 belonged to the parish of St. Nikolai and St. Marien, and served as a residence for the preacher A. Seydel. Ludwig Wessel , his wife Margarete and his children Horst , Ingeborg and Werner lived in the house between July 1913 and May 1930 . After Horst Wessel's death, the NSDAP installed a memorial plaque in the presence of Julius Lippert and other high-ranking celebrities.

The square-like Große Jüdenhof located on Jüdenstrasse still had its historical development until the 1930s. In 1936 the street sign said:

"Großer Jüdenhof
- named after the separate lockable residence of the Jews ( ghetto ) in medieval Berlin ."

Of the historic buildings on Jüdenstrasse, only the Red Town Hall and the Old and New Town Houses remained after the destruction in World War II and demolitions in the GDR era. The above-mentioned governor's house no longer exists either. The northern end of the town hall passages built here in the 1970s extends to the street corner.

Striking development

Red townhall

The Red Town Hall is at the northern end of Jüdenstraße. As the Berlin City Hall , it is the seat of the Berlin Senate and the Governing Mayor of Berlin .

Old town house

Old town house

Dominating the space at Jüdenstraße 34–42 is the old town house on Molkenmarkt, originally the “new” town house, with a round tower on the street front of Jüdenstraße, built in 1911 as an extension of the Berlin town hall. It was designed by Ludwig Hoffmann in 1902 .

New town house

In the years 1936–1938, the headquarters of the municipal fire society was completed as a further building as part of the planning of a large municipal forum on Molkenmarkt across from Parochialstrasse . Since it was the only larger urban building in Mitte that remained undamaged, the city decided in 1945 to move the fire society to set up the new city administration there for the time being. Since then, the building has been called the New Town House.

Headquarters of the Berliner Wasserbetriebe

The headquarters of Berliner Wasserbetriebe has been located in Neue Jüdenstrasse 1 since 2000, with a conspicuous wave-shaped facade structure.

plans for the future

Under the motto of the re- urbanization of the monastery district , the “ inner city plan ” adopted in 1999 envisages, among other things, regaining the demolished Great Jüdenhof and developing it with a “special charisma”. The two sections of Jüdenstraße, separated by today's wide aisle of Grunerstraße, are also to be merged again. The concept has not yet been implemented (as of May 2014).

Web links

Commons : Jüdenstraße  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Jüdenstrasse - Mitte (old Berlin) . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  2. Hoher Steinweg . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1920, Part III, p. 369.
  3. Uwe Kieling, Johannes Althoff: The Nikolaiviertel. Traces of history in the oldest Berlin . Berlin edition, 2001
  4. Jüdenstrasse . In: Karl Neander von Petersheiden: Illustrative Tables , 1799, street representations, p. 64.
  5. Jüdenstrasse . In: Address book for Berlin and its suburbs , 1901, part 3, p. 287.
  6. ^ Daniel Siemens: Horst Wessel: Death and Transfiguration of a National Socialist , Munich, Siedler, 2009, ISBN 978-3-88680-926-4 , pp. 39, 118 and 174.
  7. Hinnerk Dreppenstedt, Klaus Esche: The whole of Berlin. Walks through the capital (paperback), Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung; 4th updated edition 2007
  8. Ingeborg Junge-Reyer , Senator for Urban Development: Molkenmarkt and Klosterviertel (PDF; 21.7 MB)

Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 24 ′ 38 ″  E