Jacob Pinhas

Jakob Pinhas (* August 1788 ; † December 8, 1861 in Kassel ) was a German publicist.

Life

Jakob Pinhas was a son of the miniature painter Salomon Pinhas and was initially also to become a painter, but the upheavals of the Napoleonic era led to a change in his life. He became editor-in-chief of the Westphälischer Moniteurs and from November 1813 of the Allgemeine Kasselschen Zeitung , was active in the land rabbinate and from 1821 in the head of the Niederhessen office and campaigned in numerous publications for equal rights for Jews in Kurhessen . One competitor for Pinhas' editorial position in Kassel was Wilhelm Grimm in 1813 . He argued that after the French had withdrawn, the owner of the position would have to change, and responded to the rejection with anti-French and ultimately slightly anti-Semitic comments, as did his supporter Ludwig Hassenpflug and his brother Jacob Grimm . Hassenpflug assumed that Pinhas was being bribed by writing: “[...] previously a supporter of this governorate, he immediately stepped over to the other side after its overthrow and spoke with just as warmth for the matter of the allied powers as his pen of the despotism of France had earlier was for sale. ”In 1817 Jakob Pinhas was awarded a doctorate by the University of Marburg for his literary services. phil. PhD. Since he had been active within the given political system, the revolution of 1848 did not leave him unaffected, but his adversaries also had to acknowledge his far-sighted nature.

Historical background

The emancipation of Judaism began with a decree by King Jérôme of January 27, 1808, in which the Jews were granted the same rights as all other inhabitants of the country. A little later there was also freedom of trade. When Elector Wilhelm I von Kassel, the employer of Jakob Pinhas' father, returned to Kassel in 1813, things went backwards again. It was believed that the Jews had to be “educated” before they could be granted the same rights as other residents of the country. It was not until the North German federal law of July 3, 1869 that the unequal treatment formally ended. Nevertheless, the number of Jews in Kassel increased sharply in the early 19th century. Schools, social services and a hospital were established, and in 1839 the construction of the Great Synagogue was completed. Along with Israel Jacobson and Lucius Liffmann, Jakob Pinhas was one of the most important representatives of the young community. He was temporarily director of the "Society of Humanity" founded in 1802, which supported the needy and helped children to get an education.

family

Dr. Jakob Pinhas belonged to a family of painters. His grandfather Levi Pinhas , born in Lehrberg near Ansbach in 1727 , showed artistic talent at an early age and was able to go traveling after the Margrave of Ansbach paid him 150 guilders for a commissioned work, a Haggadah . After an apprenticeship with the court painters in Schwerin , he became an Ansbach court painter, but later went to Bayreuth , also as a court painter , because he had observed abuse of two of his fellow believers. Levi Pinhas received orders from high-ranking personalities and used their favor to stand up for the Israelites in Germany. He died in 1793. It does not seem to be known whether pictures of him have survived. His eldest son Salomon Pinhas settled in Kassel at the age of 24 and also became a court painter, without being accepted by the academy . He created several series of pictures, including pictures of the rose collection on Wilhelmshöhe , the Westphalian uniforms and the Westphalian nobility. Over 30 pictures from the uniform series are documented in the Kassel State Library , but are considered a war loss. Of the rose images , 133 remained, although the sovereign fled from the French in 1806 and Jérôme Bonaparte billeted himself in Kassel for several years and were combined in a bound volume in 1815. However, these works were not published until the 21st century. With his wife Bella Hirsch he had sons Hermann and Jakob. Hermann became a copperplate engraver, but also served as a soldier.

Works

• Speeches on the foundation day of the Society of Humanity in Kassel , established by Israelite members , Kassel 1815
• Fragments from an older memorandum on the organization of the Israelite communities in the German federal states, namely in Kurhessen , Kassel 1832
• Contributions to the cause of the civil conditions of the Israelites in Kurhessen , Kassel 1832

literature

• Ludwig Horwitz: Dr. Jakob Pinhas , in: Jewish weekly newspaper for Cassel, Hessen and Waldeck 1, 1924, No. 11 of July 18, 1924

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Dietfrid Krause-Vilmar: Streiflichter on the recent history of the Jewish community of Kassel . In: Jens Flemming , Dietfrid Krause-Vilmar , Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik (eds.): Jews in Germany - Streiflichter from past and present . kassel university press, Kassel 2007, ISBN 978-3-89958-265-9 , p. 14 ( PDF; 199 kB ; new publication 2000 [accessed on September 19, 2014]).
2. ↑ Ulrike Haß-Zumkehr: Daniel Sanders - Enlightened German Studies in the 19th Century (=  Studia Linguistica Germanica . Volume 35 ). de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1995, ISBN 978-3-11-014331-7 , pp. 541 and 452 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search - the quote is from page 453).
3. ↑ Pinhas, Jacob. In: Jewish Encyclopedia . Retrieved September 19, 2014 . 
4. ↑ Dietfrid Krause-Vilmar: Streiflichter on the recent history of the Jewish community of Kassel . In: Jens Flemming, Dietfrid Krause-Vilmar, Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik (eds.): Jews in Germany - Streiflichter from past and present . kassel university press, Kassel 2007, ISBN 978-3-89958-265-9 , p. 12–15 ( PDF; 551 kB ; new publication 2000 [accessed on September 19, 2014]).
5. ↑ Michael Brocke et al., Visions of the Just Society: The Discourse of German-Jewish Journalism in the 19th Century , Böhlau 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20315-3 , p. 112
6. ^ Lehrberg (market community, Ansbach district): Jewish history / synagogue. Retrieved September 19, 2014 .