Jacques Friedel

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Jacques Friedel (2007)

Jacques Friedel (born February 11, 1921 in Paris , † August 27, 2014 in Paris) was a French physicist who dealt with solid-state physics.

family

Friedel came from a scientist dynasty. He is the son of the geologist and director (1937–1965) of the École des Mines Edmond Friedel (1895–1972), grandson of mineralogist Georges Friedel (known for research on liquid crystals ) and great-grandson of mineralogist and organic chemist Charles Friedel (professor at the Sorbonne ). His son Paul Friedel is Research Director at France Telecom .

He was married to Mary Horder, sister of Nevill Francis Mott's wife .

life and career

Friedel attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and the Lycée Henri IV in Paris as well as preparatory classes in Bordeaux and Lyon. He did in Vichy France the Labor Service and served in the 2nd Panzer Army. He studied at the elite colleges Ecole Polytechnique (1944-1946) and École nationale supérieure des mines (1946-1948) in Paris. He worked there at the Mineralogy Laboratory. From 1949 to 1952 he completed a doctorate at the University of Bristol with Nevill Mott (Ph. D. 1952), where he became familiar with modern solid state physics and the theory of dislocations by Charles Frank . In 1954 he received his doctorate in physics from the University of Paris (Doctorat d'État) on the electronic structure of impurities in metals. An offer to succeed his cousin Charles Crussard (1916-2008) as director of the Laboratory for Mineralogy (and Metallurgy), he turned down because he was pursuing a university career.

In 1956 he became a lecturer ( Maître de conférences ) at the University of Paris and completed his habilitation at the Institut Poincaré. In 1959 he became a professor of solid state physics at the University of Paris in Orsay , which he remained until 1989. With André Guinier and Raimond Castaing , he founded a solid-state physics laboratory there in 1959, which Pierre-Gilles de Gennes joined two years later .

Friedel founded a school of solid-state physicists in Orsay. In over 200 scientific articles he dealt in particular with the electronic structure of metals and alloys, dislocations (about which he wrote a monograph) and clusters on surfaces.

Friedel was head of the French government's advisory committee on research from 1978 to 1980. He was President of the French Physical Society and the European Physical Society (1982–1984).

Honors Awards

Fonts

  • Les Dislocations , Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1956, 2nd edition Disclocations , Pergamon Press 1964

Web links

Commons : Jacques Friedel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Christel Dell, Danny Weber, Thomas Wilde: Deceased members and honorary patrons . List of members and honorary patrons who died between July 31, 2013 and June 30, 2015. In: Jörg Hacker (Ed.): German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina . Structure and members. German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina eV, Halle (Saale) 2015, p. 346 ( leopoldina.org [PDF; accessed September 25, 2016]).
  2. ^ American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Book of Members ( PDF ). Retrieved April 2, 2016
personal data
SURNAME Friedel, Jacques
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French physicist
DATE OF BIRTH February 11, 1921
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH August 27, 2014
Place of death Paris