Jelení (Nové Hamry)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jelení
Jelení does not have a coat of arms
Jelení (Nové Hamry) (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Karlovarský kraj
District : Karlovy Vary
Municipality : Nové Hamry
Area : 1396,584 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 24 '  N , 12 ° 40'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 23 '47 "  N , 12 ° 40' 8"  E
Height: 861  m nm
Residents :
Entrance

Jelení ( German  Hirschenstand ) is a basic settlement unit of the municipality Nové Hamry ( Neuhammer ), which belongs to the administrative community Nejdek ( Neudek ) in the Czech Republic .

geography

Jelení lies at an altitude of 861  m above sea level. NN in the Western Ore Mountains in the valley of the Schwarzwasserbach ( Černá Voda ). The former church village belongs to the Karlsbad District in the Karlovy Vary Region , Czech Republic . It is located on the Hirschenstander Pass , an old Erzgebirge pass .

Districts

upper district

The districts of Bura, Kronesberg, Karlberg, Fuchsseite, Peterwinkel, Steingrub, Gaglberg, Wasserstadt and Leierberg belonged to Hirschenstand.

history

The establishment of Hirschenstand can be traced back to mining, although nothing is known about its beginnings. Analogous to the neighboring Sauersack , one can assume that tin extraction in the form of soap began very early. Fiefdoms for the bura and the deer head are mentioned for the first time in 1556. According to a folk legend, the name of the district Bura goes back to Katharina von Bora , who is said to have stayed in a colliery in this area while passing through.

In 1570 the first deer family is mentioned in the church book Neudek. In 1620 an old Pley mine is mentioned in the Bura. In a mountain book from 1622, the Bura and the deer head are listed as mining areas. In the Kronesberg district there is also the Erbstolln of the pits belonging to Sauersack on the Kranisberg. 1624 is the name of a mountain village. In 1654 the village consisted of two properties.

One of the first settlers to live here permanently was Georg Günl, who has been on the bora since 1623. The family later moved to Platten and some of them emigrated to Johanngeorgenstadt during the Counter Reformation . From the middle of the 17th century, other families settled there, most of them from Trinksaifen and Neuhammer , the most common family names were: Fink, Fuchs, Hannawald, Kragl, Lohwasser, Ullmann, Wohner. Since around 1670 Georg Lohwasser was the first district hunter in deer stall.

At the beginning of the 19th century, mining was almost extinct. In 1805 only five miners worked in the Zinnzechen. From 1835 to 1879, mining was resumed for a short time. After the decline in mining, the residents earned their living mainly from forestry, peat cutting and homework such as embroidery and sewing. Agricultural was difficult because of the altitude.

From 1700 lace making also spread in the Hirschenstand and became the main source of income. However, it could not replace income from mining. The lace factory Anton Gottschald & Comp, founded in Hirschenstand in 1780, was important . In the 19th century the company employed lace makers from all over the surrounding area. The company headquarters were relocated from Hirschenstand to Neudek in 1846. The company's founder's headquarters were in the village.

Hirschenstand belonged to the parish of Neudek until 1783. On September 25, 1786, the place was raised to a parish. The neighboring town of Neuhaus was parish . There were also followers of the New Apostolic Faith in the village . They visited the church in Sauersack. The first school was built in 1783. Since 1860 the school has taught in 2 classes. Until 1874, the Neudek rulership had the right of patronage over the school in Hirschenstand. In 1885 a new school building was erected for four classes at the end.

From 1910 the municipality was part of the Neudek district . After the First World War , in the Treaty of Saint-Germain of September 10, 1919 , the Sudetenland was added to Czechoslovakia, which was newly founded on October 28, 1918 . The new state partially enforced its property claims militarily. Hirschenstand was occupied by Czechoslovak units on February 15, 1919. With the takeover of the Sudetenland on October 1, 1938 by the German Reich and the formation of the Reichsgau Sudetenland on April 15, 1939, Hirschenstand was administratively assigned to the district of Neudek in the administrative district of Eger . After the end of the Second World War , Hirschenstand remained temporarily unoccupied.

Between July 1945 and May 1947, almost the entire population was displaced, with the exception of 26 people who were important to restored Czechoslovakia because of their education. After the expulsion of the German population , the church, which had previously served as a cowshed for over ten years, and almost all the other buildings in the village were demolished. With the church, the cemetery also disappeared. The place sank to the brink of complete insignificance in the remote border region. Only after the opening of the border crossings to Johanngeorgenstadt and Oberwildenthal did numerous day-trippers return to the town, where an inn was opened.

Hirschenstand has had 4 permanent residents again since 2015. A Czech-Indian family bought the "Villa" in the Steingrub district, a state-owned building before 1945. After the Second World War, the Czechoslovak Foreign Ministry used it as a vacation home for its employees until 1997.

Demographic data

Today around ten people live in four houses in the community, including a pension.

year 1786 1830 1890 1900 1910 1920 1945
Number of houses 84 183 162 142 140 143
population 941 1,207 1,019 1,071 889 905

In 1850, 1,600 people are said to have lived in the village.

Attractions

gallery

  • Monument in place of the church

  • Villa in the district of Steingrub

  • Guest house and pension

  • Deer head rock

Sports and tourism opportunities

Sons and daughters of the place

literature

  • Ulrich Möckel : Deer stand. Disappeared from the map but not forgotten! U. Möckel (self-published), Schönheide 2005.

Web links

Commons : Jelení (Nové Hamry)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/706159/Jeleni-u-Novych-Hamru
  2. ^ Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia, Joseph-Virgil; Schlesinger Grohmann (Ludwig; Schmalfuss A ...): Mittheilungen of the association for the history of the Germans in Bohemia . Brockhaus, 1870 ( google.de [accessed April 2, 2020]).
  3. ^ Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in Saxony . Freiberg 1925, p. 3 ff . ( Digitized version [accessed on October 31, 2017]).
  4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Neudek district (Czech. Nejdek). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).