Yevgenia Bogdanovna Bosch

Yevgenia Bosch

Yevgenia Bosch ( Russian Евгения Богдановна Бош * August 11 ^jul. / 23. August  1879 ^greg. In Ochakov ; † 5. January 1925 in Moscow ; born Maisch, also Yevgenia Gotlibowna Bosch , patronymic after the German name of the Father Gottlieb Maisch ) was a German - Russian functionary of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia (RSDLP).

Life

Bosch's father Gottlieb Maisch, a Chersonese landowner, came from a German colonist family . The mother Maria (née Krusser) came from an ennobled family in Bessarabia . At the age of 16, Yevgenia married the craftsman and small business owner Pyotr Bosch and soon had two daughters with him. Nevertheless, she finished her education at the girls' high school in Ochakov. At the end of the 1890s she became acquainted with Otschakow Social Democrats and in 1901 a member of the party. After the Second Party Congress in 1903 , she sided with the Bolsheviks . In 1907 she broke with the family, divorced and left with the children and her half-sister Jelena Rosmirowitsch (1886–1953, later wife of Nikolai Krylenko and Alexander Trojanowski , mother-in-law of Valerian Kuibyshev ), who obtained a law degree from the Sorbonne in Paris had to Kiev to where underground work to pay for the party. In 1909 she became a member, in February 1911 chairwoman of the Kiev Committee (local branch) of the RSDRP.

After several arrests, most recently in April 1912 and the following one year imprisonment, Yevgenia Bosch was sentenced to the loss of all civil rights and lifelong banishment to Siberia . Together with Georgi Pyatakov , who had been convicted in the same trial , who had succeeded her in the post of chairman of the Kiev Committee and was arrested in June 1912, Bosch fled from the place of exile in Kachug in Irkutsk governorate via Vladivostok , Japan and the United States to Switzerland . Pyatakov and Bosch were later life partners.

In exile in Switzerland, Bosch, Pjatakow and Rosmirowitsch were members of the " Baugy group" around Bukharin , Krylenko and Trojanowski, which at the Bern party conference of 1915 opposed the party leadership around Lenin on various issues . In the same year Bosch and Pjatakow moved to Christiania via Stockholm .

After the February Revolution in 1917 , Yevgenia Bosch returned to Russia and was a member of the Kiev Committee of the RSDLP and the Kiev City Soviet . From April 1917 she was chairman of the Territorial Committee of the RSDLP of Kiev and the Southwest Region.

Yevgenia Bosch participated as a delegate at the VII. All-Russian Conference and the VI. Participation in the RSDLP party congress. She supported the armed uprising against the Provisional Government and advocated the establishment of Soviet power in Kiev, Vinnitsa and other cities. In December 1917 she was elected a member of the Central Executive Committee (ZIK) of Ukraine at the 1st All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. She was a member of the first Soviet government in Ukraine as the People's Secretary for Internal Affairs. As a member of the editorial team, she worked for the newspaper Golos Sozial-Demokrata . In 1918 she joined the "left communists" on the question of the peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk , who rejected any peace negotiations with the "imperialist powers".

During the Russian Civil War she did political work in the Red Army of Workers and Peasants and was a member of the Astrakhan Governorate Committee . From 1920 she worked in Moscow at the Central Committee of the All-Russian Soil and Forestry Union (Wserabotsemles). From 1923 she was close to the "Trotskyist Opposition" and signed the declaration of the 46 . In this context, she is said to have been monitored by the secret service .

In the last years of his life, Bosch, who had been suffering from tuberculosis and a heart disease since the 1900s , went to health resorts in the Caucasus , Germany and Italy . During this time she wrote the book God borʹby (“A Year of Struggle”), which deals with the revolutionary year of 1917 in Kiev and was only published after her death in 1925, as well as an unfinished autobiography in the form of letters to her daughters.

Evgenia Bosch committed suicide in 1925 in Moscow, considering her incurable illness. She is buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Works

• Nacionalʹnoe pravitelʹstvo i Sovetskaja vlastʹ na Ukraine. Moscow, 1919 ("National Government and Soviet Power in Ukraine")
• God borʹby. Moscow, 1925, 2nd edition 1990 ("A year of struggle")

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Tomb of Sergei Merkurov (1930, cultural heritage status of federal importance ) in the cultural heritage directory of the city of Moscow (Russian)

Web links

• Article Yevgenia Bogdanowna Bosch in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE), 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)