Johan Picardt

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Johan Picardt

Johan Picardt (born February 5, 1600 in Bentheim ; † May 21, 1670 in Coevorden ) was a German - Dutch , Protestant-Reformed peat colonizer , pastor , doctor and writer .

Life

Johan Picardt (or Piccardt) is the eldest son of the Reformed preacher Johan Pickhart (born May 1, 1560 in Neuenhaus , † December 7, 1629) and his wife Elske Kemener (born January 3, 1569 in Neede / Herrschaft Borkulo; † 21. August 1607 in Bentheim). First he attended the high school in Steinfurt . The Pickharts belonged to the established families in the Grafschaft Bentheim at that time . With the later name Picardt it is suspected again and again that there is a connection to the French landscape of Picardy , but this cannot be proven. In contrast, there was a close connection to the Netherlands. Johan's brother Alexander Pickhart (born 1604) fought as a captain in the Dutch service until his death in 1640. Picardt himself seems to have introduced the French spelling of the family name. He studied at the University of Leiden . In 1623 he was accepted into church service in the Dutch village of Egmont aan Zee . In 1625 he married Roeka Brederode from Egmont († March 3, 1666 in Coevorden ). They had seven children. In 1628 he obtained a doctorate in medicine in Leiden . Due to his earnings from medical treatments, there were disputes with the church superiors.

Since life for a large family in Holland did not seem easy, he tried his hand at farming for the first time in the drained Beemster , a side sea of ​​the Zuiderzee . In order to improve the situation of his family, he leased a former monastery courtyard in the Drenthe , in Rhee. From there on he began to deal with the problems of agriculture. In 1643 he got a job as a preacher in Rolde . In 1646 he wrote a work on the importance of the preaching office. This was printed in Zwolle in 1650 . In 1647 he is enrolled at the University of Groningen . Since he was probably also busy with agricultural problems here, he was appointed director of the raised bog by Count Ernst Wilhelm from Bentheim in 1647 . At the same time he was called to be the first preacher in Coevorden. In order to improve agriculture, he tried to build a canal in the county of Bentheim as early as 1645. However, this canal was only built in the 20th century and is called the Coevorden-Piccardie Canal .

His successes in cultivating the Osterwald were initially low, which is also due to the politically troubled times in the context of the Münster-Dutch war. In 1655 a new, almost square plan colony was created with the help of the fire culture. It was first called Ernstdorf, later in his honor Piccardie , today Alte Piccardie , since the Neue Piccardie settlement was built in the neighborhood in 1725 , today Georgsdorf .

In the Netherlands, Dr. Johan Picardt is known to this day as the first historian of Drenthe . He is also referred to as one of the first historians in prehistory.

Works (selection)

  • Korte Beschryvinge Van eenige Vergetene en Hidden ANTIQUITETEN of the provinces en Landen Located in the North Zee, de Yssel, Emse en Lippe. Waer by gevoeght zijn ANNALES DRENTHIAE, Dat zijn Eenige Aenteyckeninghen en Memorien, van sommige Gedenckwaerdige Geschiedenissen, gepasseert in het Antiquiteet-rijke Landschap DRENTH, van de Geboorte Christi af, tot op desen tijdt, Amsterdam 1660.

literature

  • Wilhelm Baake: Johan Picardt . In: "Bentheimer Heimatkalender" 1951, Nordhorn 1950, pp. 53–55 (= Das Bentheimer Land , 38)
  • Horst H. Bechtluft: Emsland Life Pictures - Dr. Johan Picardt (1600-1670) . In: "Yearbook of the Emsländischen Heimatbund", 28, 1982, Sögel 1981, pp. 10-16.
  • Horst H. Bechtluft: Johan Picardt - A bog colonizer without limits . In: Emsländische Geschichte , ed. von Studiengesellschaft für Emsländische Regionalgeschichte, Vol. 2, Cologne / Papenburg / Meppen 1992, pp. 138–145.
  • Horst H. Bechtluft: Dr. Johan Picardt (1600-1670). The historical classification of the Grafschafter colonizer . In: "Der Grafschafter" 3/1982, p. 12.
  • Horst H. Bechtluft: Dr. Johan Picardt as a colonizer (1600–1670) . In: Johannes Rüschen (Ed.): Emsländische Lebensbilder from a bygone era. Biographical notes on Emsland personalities from the 9th century to today , Bremen o. J. (1992), pp. 91–98.
  • Horst H. Bechtluft: Dr. Johan Picardt (1600–1670) - pastor, medicine man, farmer . In: Lower Saxony Book '91 . Edited by Gerhard Glogowski, Hameln 1991, pp. 96-104.
  • Horst Heinrich Bechtluft: Picardt, Johan : In: Emsländische Geschichte , ed. from the Study Society for Emsland Regional History, Vol. 6., Dohren 1997, pp. 275–277 (with a detailed list of literature and works).
  • Ludwig Edel: On the older history of the Pickhart family . In: “Der Grafschafter”, 33, 10/1955, Nordhorn 1955, pp. 263–264.
  • Andreas Eiynck : Picardt, Johan . In: Rainer Hehemann (edit.): “Biographical Handbook for the History of the Osnabrück Region”, published by the Landschaftsverband Osnabrück, Bramsche 1990, p. 226.
  • Karl-Hermann Jacob-Friesen : Johan Picardt, the first prehistoric researcher in Lower Saxony . In: “ News from Lower Saxony's Prehistory ”, 23/1954, Hildesheim 1954, pp. 3-19.
  • L. Knappert: Dr. Johan Picardt - Zijne taal en zijne bronnen . In: Nieuwe Drenthsche Volksalmanak , 1899.
  • Ernst Mawick: Dr. Johann Picardt - pastor, doctor and colonizer . In: “Yearbook of the Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim” 1953, pp. 67–71 (= Das Bentheimer Land , 42).
  • Heinrich Voort: Dr. Johan Picardt - an Emsländer? In: "Der Grafschafter" 2/1982, p. 6.

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Picardt, Johan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Dutch pastor, physician and writer
DATE OF BIRTH February 5, 1600
PLACE OF BIRTH bad Bentheim
DATE OF DEATH May 21, 1670
Place of death Coevorden