Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen

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Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen, 1930

Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen (born January 6, 1886 in Reudnitz , † November 6, 1960 in Hanover ) was a German prehistorian , archaeologist, university lecturer and director of the Lower Saxony State Museum in Hanover . He was the founder of the seminar for prehistory and early history at the University of Göttingen and initiated what is now Lower Saxony's regional association for prehistory .

Jacob-Friesen is one of the most important archaeologists in Germany. As a state archaeologist and museum director, he made a decisive contribution to popularizing prehistory and early history .

family

Jacob-Friesen was the son of the senior teacher Karl Jacob-Friesen and Sophie Jacob-Friesen, née Otto. On April 19, 1923, he married Elfriede Vehse, daughter of factory director Adalbert Vehse, in Misburg . His son is the prehistoric Gernot Jacob-Friesen (1926–2019).

Career

"Dr. Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen ”;
in a drawing by August Heitmüller , around 1929

Jacob-Friesen attended the Humanist High School in Leipzig . Early on he showed an interest in prehistory and early history. After studying in Leipzig and Stockholm , he received his doctorate in 1909. phil. From 1910 to 1912 he worked as an assistant at the Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig . In 1913 he joined the Provincial Museum in Hanover, which later became the Lower Saxony State Museum, as assistant director. In 1914 he began the pre-historical survey of the state and redesigned the corresponding museum department based on educational considerations.

After Jacob-Friesen had served as a naval officer in World War I , he presented a memorandum in 1919 on the reorganization of the Hanoverian museums. From 1920 (to 1960) he was the editor of prehistoric and museological journals. In 1917 he was first appointed director of the Department of Prehistory and Protohistory, then in 1922 director of the entire Provincial Museum.

In 1927 his “Basic Questions of Prehistory Research” gave a first insight into their goals and methods and in that year founded the yearbook News from Lower Saxony's Prehistory . In 1928 Jacob-Friesen received a teaching position at the University of Göttingen and was made an honorary professor there in 1932. Since then he has been considered the founder of the prehistory seminar there.

Study trips took him to almost every country in Europe. As a state archaeologist , he was responsible for the preservation of monuments and carried out numerous excavations. a. for the seven stone houses in Bad Fallingbostel . After his “Introduction to Lower Saxony's Prehistory” (1931) he initiated the “Working Group for the Prehistory of Northwest Germany” (later “Regional Association for Prehistory”) in 1932, of which he also became chairman.

After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists , he joined the NSDAP in 1933 and became a member of the appointed council. In August 1933 he also joined the Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur , led by Alfred Rosenberg . In 1935 he headed the German Anthropological Society for a short time , but it was dissolved in November of the same year.

In 1938 Jacob-Friesen was a co-founder of the "Lower Saxony State Office for Marsh and Waste Research", today's Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research . Despite Jacob-Friesen's membership in Nazi organizations, Heinrich Himmler decided in 1939 that he had to refrain from " any attempt to penetrate the field of political training ".

In World War II, Jacob-Friesen served as a lieutenant commander . After 1945 he was again director of the Landesmuseum Hannover. With the inclusion of written and pictorial explanations, he gradually rebuilt the prehistoric department.

After his retirement, Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen moved to Göttingen. He died at the age of 74 and was buried in the Engesohde city cemetery in Hanover.

More functions

Publications

Jacob-Friesen was editor of various prehistoric and museological journals from 1920 to 1960. He published the results of his research and excavations in more than 200 publications.

Honors

literature

  • Hans Gummel : In memory of Karl Hermann Jakob-Friesen. In: The customer . NF Vol. 12, 1961, II-IX.
  • Kirsten Hoffmann: Prehistory and early history - an apolitical science? The prehistoric department of the Landesmuseum Hannover during the Nazi era. In: News from Lower Saxony's Urgeschichte Vol. 74, 2005, ISSN  0342-1406 , pp. 209–249.
  • Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Jacob-Friesen, Karl-Hermann. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 320.
  • Günter Wegner : On many and between some chairs. Comments on the dispute between Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen and Hans Reinerth . In: Achim Leube (Ed.): Prehistory and National Socialism. Central and Eastern European research on prehistory and early history in the years 1933–1945 (= studies on the history of science and universities. Vol. 2). Synchron, Heidelberg 2002 ISBN 3-935025-08-4 pp. 397-417
  • Peter Zylmann: Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen. Life and work. In: Peter Zylmann (ed.): On the prehistory and early history of Northwest Germany. New investigations from the area between the IJssel and the Baltic Sea. Festschrift for the 70th birthday of KH Jacob-Friesen. Lax, Hildesheim 1956, pp. 1-20.
  • Obituary: News from Lower Saxony prehistory. No. 29. In: Lower Saxony Yearbook. 32, 1960, ISSN  0078-0561 , p. 3ff.

Web links

Commons : Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Waldemar R. Röhrbein in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 320
  2. ↑ Giant graves in the Lüneburg Heath. In: The Bern Week in Words and Images , Vol. 27, 1937, pp. 768–769. ( e-periodica )
  3. ↑ a b c Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , pp. 277-278.
  4. ^ Quotation from Ernst Klee: Das Kulturlexikon zum Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 278.
personal data
SURNAME Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German prehistorian
DATE OF BIRTH January 6, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Reudnitz (Leipzig)
DATE OF DEATH November 6, 1960
Place of death Goettingen