Johann Evangelist Prince

Portrait of Johann Evangelist Prince

Johann Evangelist Fürst (born December 28, 1784 in Frauendorf near Vilshofen , † November 11, 1846 in Au ) was a Bavarian customs officer, entrepreneur and author.

Life and family

Johann Evangelist Fürst was born on December 28, 1784 in Frauendorf near Vilshofen as the sixth child of farmer Michael Fürst (* 1744) and his wife Katharina, née Huber, the daughter of a farmer from Hagenham. His great-grandfather, a farmer and tailor, bought the Glockenhof, a small farm in Frauendorf in 1701, which has been managed by the Fürst family ever since.

Johann Fürst's mother died two years after his birth. His father taught him to read as a child. Since the remote hamlet of Frauendorf only consisted of four farmsteads, Johann was unable to attend a public school and instead initially received private lessons at irregular intervals. He attended so-called angle schools in the surrounding villages and took an exam in front of the pastor of Vilshofen. Since he proved to be a good student, he received lessons from the collegiate chaplain from 1797 in preparation for the grammar school, despite the initial resistance of his father, and in the following year from pastor and dean Georg Fürst in Aicha vorm Wald , a relative of the family. From the autumn of 1799 he attended the episcopal grammar school in Passau , where he was soon the second best student in the class. In Passau he made the acquaintance of the bookseller and librarian Anton Pustet, the father of his future friend and publisher Friedrich Pustet .

In the autumn of 1803, at the age of 19, Johann Fürst moved to the (today's) Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich against his father's will , which he graduated in 1804. Since he met his future wife Barbara Lobwasser here in Munich, he broke off his apprenticeship as a clergyman and switched to the secular lyceum, where he took courses in logic, mathematics and philosophy in order to prepare for university studies. However, when it became known that he had a relationship with Barbara Lobwasser, the school principal Cajetan von Weiller , a Catholic theology and philosophy professor, referred him to the school, but gave him a job in the court library . This made it possible for Johann Fürst to continue to visit the Lyceum as a volunteer and to take courses in aesthetics, natural science, pedagogy, moral philosophy, theology, mineralogy, physics and chemistry. Through his work in the library, he got to know some influential men of the Munich Enlightenment personally, including the director of the book censorship commission Lorenz Westenrieder .

In 1805, Fürst found employment as an official at the customs administration in Munich and married Barbara Lobwasser on October 12, 1805. From 1808 he worked as a toll and hall authority inspector in Lauingen an der Donau , two years later he moved to Medlingen as an official at the toll station and then as the first wagon master to Augsburg. In 1815 he finally took up a position as a Hallober official (head of the customs office) in Straubing.

Johann Fürst always had an interest in agriculture even during his civil service. At his changing positions he was able to get to know different agricultural methods of farming in the various regions of Bavaria. Even after he bought his father's estate in Frauendorf from his brother, he initially retained his position as a civil servant in order to finance the purchase and pay off his brother. In 1819 he was given early retirement because he was accused of embezzling official money to finance the printing of his first book. In 1823 he was pardoned, but finally dismissed from civil service.

Prince's wife Barbara died on March 14, 1817 after giving birth to a daughter in Straubing in November of the previous year. On December 9, 1821, Fürst married Therese Sailer (* 1795), the daughter of the court owner and spa owner Peter Sailer from Adelholzen im Chiemgau. His father-in-law also grew fruit and used advanced agricultural methods to manage his farm. He later published articles in Fürst's garden and farmers newspaper.

In his old age, Johann Evangelist Fürst increasingly suffered from illnesses and traveled to Munich in autumn 1846 to be examined and treated by his son Karl August (* 1807). He died on November 11, 1846 at the age of 61 in Au near Munich.

Of his children born between 1806 and 1835, four survived from his first marriage and eight from his second marriage. His daughter Anna, born in 1806, published a supplement to Fürst's book, and after his death his son Eugen (* 1822, † 1877) continued to run the farm and the horticultural society in Fürst's sense.

Gut Frauendorf

Ideal plan of the model estate Frauendorf from 1841

As early as March 1802, Michael Fürst transferred the farm to his eldest son Simon. Johann Evangelist and his sister each received 700 guilders for their inheritance, which the Prince used to finance his school attendance.

Just a few years after taking over the farm, Simon Fürst ran into financial difficulties with the management of his father's farm and was no longer able to make the payments for his father, which is why he lived with Johann Evangelist from 1806. Simon asked his brother for money several times; Since he only received a small civil servant's salary and also had to support his own growing family, he could not help the brother.

In Munich Johann Evangelist got to know the theory of physiocracy , according to which agricultural production forms the basis for the prosperity of a state. He was also familiar with Albrecht Daniel Thaer's theories on more rational agriculture . Fürst was of the opinion that the poor economic situation of the rural population was mainly due to the outdated economic methods in agriculture, which in turn was due to the lack of education and the lack of specialist knowledge. Since the job of the farmer was not a teaching profession, unlike in the craft trades, the knowledge was only passed on from father to son, which is why new knowledge and cultivation methods were hardly reflected in agricultural practice.

He also attributed his brother's economic problems to the fact that he managed the farm with unfashionable and unprofitable methods, which is why he repeatedly submitted practical suggestions for improvement. So he suggested growing hops, vegetables and fruit and running a beekeeping in addition to traditional grain and fodder cultivation. But it was not until the agricultural crisis in 1816/17 , which after bad harvests led to famine, a shortage and thus extreme price increases in grain, and finally to the death of the farm, that Simon was ready to take his brother's advice. In mid-July 1816, Johann Fürst hired Johann Nepomuk Schönberger, a gardener from Straubing and a gardener's assistant, who were supposed to help Simon with the management and restructuring of the farm. According to the employment contract, Schönberger was directly subordinate to Johann Fürst's instructions and was supposed to teach Simon's children reading, writing and arithmetic as well as religion, fruit growing and beekeeping on public holidays and during the winter time. Simon Fürst soon opposed the planned modernization, which is why the brothers agreed in 1816 that Johann Fürst would buy the indebted farm from his brother for 4,000 guilders, which were to be paid in four annual installments of 1,000 guilders each. During this time, Simon and his family would continue to live on the farm and manage it.

Fürst began to develop the farm into a model estate based on the model of the Hofwil estate owned by the Swiss Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg . In particular, he planted fruit trees and berries. In 1818 he bought a second farm in Frauendorf for 2,500 guilders. However, his brother Simon boycotted the two hired gardeners, which is why they finally resigned. After the agreed four financial years had expired, Johann Fürst, who had in the meantime moved to Vilshofen, was finally able to dispose of the estate alone from 1820 on, which after his discharge from civil service was now his main source of income.

In August 1825 and March 1826, Fürst bought the other two Frauendorfer Höfe for 3,000 and 4,000 guilders respectively, making him the sole owner of the village of Frauendorf. The estate thus included an area of ​​around 119 hectares (350 days of work). The estate developed into an important employer and economic factor for the otherwise structurally weak region. Even so, the economic situation was not always easy; Because of the great estate, Prince also had enormous expenses to meet. He employed up to 150 people, most of whom were employed as day laborers. He undertook considerable investments in the expansion of the Frauendorfer model estate, the soil quality of which was only moderate. So he cleared large areas of forest in order to use them as arable land, diverted a stream to irrigate his plantations in 1827 and had the road to Frauendorf expanded.

In a report to the Passau government director Ferdinand Freiherr von Andrian-Werburg from 1827, Fürst reported that he had bought the land in Frauendorf for a total of 17,000 guilders and then invested a total of 70,000 guilders in expanding the estate. This contrasted with income of 30,000 guilders; the court was burdened with 9,000 guilders in debt. By 1832 the mortgage debt had grown to 16,000 guilders. This was mainly due to the sharp decline in income from the fruit tree and magazine sales in the 1830s. Fürst asked the state for financial support several times, but was only granted it once in connection with the approval of the journal Der Obstbaumfreundes in July 1827, when he received an interest-free loan of 3,000 guilders from the industrial fund to set up his own printing plant . Repayment was suspended at the end of 1832, only Johann Evangelist's son Eugen paid off this burden by taking out a bank loan in 1875.

Prince constantly tried to develop further sources of income. At the beginning of the 1830s, for example, he tried to get a printer's and bookseller's license and planned to found a stock company to promote horticulture . However, both projects were rejected by the state authority. In August 1838 the Frauendorf farm was threatened with an auction. Fürst was able to avert this, however, and succeeded in selling more and more magazines again, so that in 1840 the estate was only burdened with a single private debt claim. In June 1844, however, a hurricane ravaged the nursery stock of the Frauendorf estate and also caused considerable damage to several farm buildings. The amount of damage was around 15,000 guilders. In the severe winter that followed, many of the remaining salable plants were destroyed by frost damage. Despite his advanced age and poor health, Fürst tried to rebuild the estate.

With the four-volume " Founding history of Frauendorf with all its institutions and purposes ", published in 1841 by the Pustet publishing house in Regensburg , Fürst published a comprehensive description of his life's work, with the 3rd and 4th volume merely the directory of members of the horticultural society and a list of the clubs and societies to which Johann Fürst himself belonged, as well as a list of plants from Frauendorf. The second volume contained a plan of the Frauendorf estate, which, however, is an ideal plan that also shows facilities and facilities that were only planned at the time of publication.

After Fürst's death in 1846, his children inherited Gut Frauendorf as a community of heirs. It was continued by his son Eugen Fürst (* 1822, † 1877), a trained printer. This took over the chairmanship of the horticultural society from his father. However, due to disagreements within the community of heirs, the property was auctioned in 1852/53. Eugen Fürst was able to buy back part of the property in 1855, but the Fürst'sche Stammhof Gut Glockenhof remained in foreign ownership. Eugen Fürst initially continued to run a successful mail-order nursery on the bought-back site. After his death in 1877, his sons Albert and Willibald inherited the property. The brothers fell out, however, and Albert set up a competing nursery in nearby Schmalhof. Willibald continued the business of his grandfather and took over the editing of the United Frauendorfer Blätter until 1894. He had a castle-like building erected on the Frauendorf site and, in addition to the gardening shop, also ran an excursion restaurant.

With the death of Willibald Fürst, the name Fürst expired in Frauendorf in 1920. His three daughters finally had the property auctioned in 1929. In the 1930s it was sold to an alternative practitioner who had the farm run by an estate manager who took over the estate after the Second World War. The excursion restaurant initially continued to operate until the new owners converted the main building into a guesthouse in the 1960s.

Nursery and nursery

Despite what was very good for the time, Fürst's intention was not simply to maximize profit, but rather to pursue the goal of fruit culture in Bavaria under the motto of spreading a garden across the country. That is why he set up a tree nursery in Frauendorf, where he wanted to plant all the types of fruit known at the time and distribute them through the sale of vines and the sale of trees. Immediately after acquiring the farm, he ordered the first 200 fruit trees from the renowned Baumann Freres tree nursery in Bollwiller. In the spring of 1820 he hired Herbert Rudolph Diecker, the former castle gardener from Irlbach near Straubing, who had expertise in pomological and fruit growing . From the autumn of 1820 onwards, Fürst sent him all over Bavaria to collect information about the state of fruit cultivation and to exchange his experiences with other farmers and gardeners. Diecker maintained close connections with leading pomologists, such as B. the Diezer doctor Adrian Diel , the Kronberg pastor Johann Ludwig Christ , the Thuringian pastor Johann Volkmar Sickler and the Franconian nobleman Christian Freiherr Truchseß von Wetzhausen . Through these contacts, Fürst was able to obtain numerous varieties of pome and stone fruit for his tree nursery directly from pomologists and from various tree nurseries at home and abroad and propagate them there. The cherry pomologist Truchseß von Wetzhausen sent him Edelreiser of his entire cherry assortment in 1824, named Fürst his adoptive son in the sense of the legacy of his pomological work and referred all those interested in his collection to Fürst's Frauendorfer tree nursery.

As early as 1827, Fürst was offering around 1,500 different types of fruit for sale, which he also sent to other European countries. In 1841 the range had grown to over 3,000 different varieties, including 1,429 apple, 841 pear, 297 cherry and 203 grape varieties. There were also over 1,400 different trees and shrubs and almost 600 different types of roses.

After Fürst initially concentrated primarily on fruit growing, he soon expanded the horticultural product range to include roses, ornamental shrubs, and flower and vegetable seeds. He also offered seed potatoes, grains and forest plants. He operated the gardening mainly as a mail order business, whereby the magazines he published served as a catalog. The dispatch took place mainly via the Danube area in Vilshofen.

Practical horticultural society in Bavaria in Frauendorf

Fürst founded the Practical Horticultural Society in Frauendorf in 1823 under the protection of Queen Caroline , whose statutes were approved by the royal government in December 1826. The Horticultural Society of London, founded in England in 1804, served as a model . His aim was the practical upgrading of fruit growing and horticulture, which, along with agriculture and animal husbandry, should become the basis of agriculture on an equal footing. New knowledge was disseminated via the association's organ, the Allgemeine Deutsche Garten-Zeitung , which appeared weekly from 1823 onwards . All members were invited to publish articles in the magazine. Fürst also sold horticultural products for growing fruit, vegetables and flowers, as well as plants from his tree nursery, through the company, whose seat was his farm, which had been expanded into a model estate. He therefore published a plant catalog through the society and members could purchase seeds and plants for half the price. Members were able to present their own plant varieties in the association's magazine and send in seeds for further dissemination through the society. The Allgemeine Deutsche Garten-Zeitung , which had to be ordered and paid for by the members, was of great economic importance for the Prince. On the one hand, the income from the magazine subscription even exceeded the income from the nursery at times; on the other hand, the magazine served him as an important advertising medium, as he often printed pages of lists of the plants and seeds for sale.

For admission to the Gartenbau-Gesellschaft, which was open to everyone, Fürst charged a one-time admission fee of 3 guilders, which was very favorable for the conditions at the time. In the year of its foundation in 1823, the society had almost 300 members, in 1830 there were already around 1,500 and in 1844 the society finally had 2,150 members, including 84 honorary members and numerous members abroad. Later the society even grew to over 5,000 members.

The members came from a wide variety of classes and professions, although there were hardly any farmers among them, whom Fürst actually wanted to reach above all. The name, occupation and place of residence of the members were published in the Allgemeine Deutschen Gartenzeitung so that the members could contact each other and exchange ideas.

The horticultural society was managed by Johann Fürst as a board member who was solely authorized to change the statutes and, together with a secretary appointed by him, conducted the society's business. Elections and meetings of the members did not take place.

Activity as author and editor

The sensible farmer Simon Strüf

Title page The understanding farmer Simon Strüf. (1817)

Cover picture of the book Marianne Strüf, 1835

In order to earn the money for the payments to his brother after the purchase of the farm, Johann Evangelist Fürst initially kept his position at the customs administration in Straubing and only sent his pregnant wife with four children to Frauendorf. Since he could not raise the outstanding amount from his civil servant salary alone, he decided to publish a book as a further source of income. Although in 1816 he had apparently already a manuscript for a practical manual for the customs and toll system in the Kingdom of Bavaria. Having worked out, he decided to write a book about agriculture, since he calculated a larger readership and thus better income opportunities. Within only half a year he wrote a two-volume, more than 1,000-page work with the title:

“The sensible farmer Simon Strüf. A family story. All stands for the benefit and interest; but especially every farmer and farmer in the years of increasing taxation a teaching and example book in which it is shown clearly how the yield of the least good can be infinitely increased in a short time if the house, field and gardening, the noble Fruit and wild tree, cattle and beekeeping, forage herbs, flax, oil plants, hops and tobacco cultivation, meadow improvement methods, fertilizer propagation, etc. etc. are all carried out according to the best practical improvement experience. With more than a hundred other very useful and profitable ancillary resources. "

- Johann Evangelist Fürst : Complete title of the book

The book was written in the form of a peasant novel in easily understandable language and contained several illustrations. In the tradition of the house fathers literature, Fürst wanted to show the practical advantages of modern agricultural methods in an entertaining and at the same time moralizing way, with which, in his opinion, considerable increases in yield could be achieved. The book tells the story of the family of the hardworking farmer Simon Strüf , who is open to modern agricultural methods , whereby the surname of the main character is an anagram to Fürst and thus clearly targets Johann Fürst's brother. Passages with explanatory and instructive factual texts are repeatedly inserted in the narrative novel.

Although compulsory schooling had already been introduced in Bavaria in 1802, there was still a high rate of illiteracy among the population. In order to reach the general public, the book therefore needed suitable intermediaries such as country pastors, country officials and school teachers. Since Fürst published the book himself, he tried to mitigate the risk of high printing costs by offering subscriptions, for which he advertised, whereupon he received 4,000 pre-orders instead of the expected 500. The subscribers were listed by name in the first edition, dedicated to the Bavarian King Maximilian I Joseph , whereby Fürst probably wanted to persuade other people from the relevant professional groups to buy. The book cost 2 guilders and 30 kreuzers. Multiple buyers received free copies, and farmers were granted a one-year deferred payment. A second enlarged and improved edition appeared as early as 1819 ; the third edition was supplemented by a third volume in 1821/23, the fifth edition from 1841 by a fourth volume.

For the publication of Simon Strüf in 1817, Fürst also published a 16-page brochure at his own expense, in which the essential contents of his main work were summarized, of which he sent 21,000 copies, some as free additions to the book.

In 1835, Fürst's daughter Anna Fürst (* 1805) published the two-volume book Marianne Strüf as "Seitenstück zu Simon Strüf" , which saw itself as "an economic house and reading book for women and daughters of every class" and was supplemented by a cookbook as the third volume . This work was also very successful and achieved five editions.

Magazines

Front page of the first edition of the magazine Allgemeine Deutsche Garten-Zeitung (1823)

Johann Evangelist Fürst was an enlightener who was convinced of the progress and advantages of modern methods of agriculture. He called for training for farmers similar to that for craftsmen, including a period of hiking in which the trainees should broaden their knowledge through experience in other areas. He wanted to influence the rural population by publishing weekly agricultural and horticultural newspapers by disseminating current information and useful advice. Such sheets were often published on Saturday so that important information could be disseminated by the pastors in the sermons on Sunday and discussed in the inns.

From January 1819, Fürst published the weekly farmer's newspaper from Frauendorf , which consisted of 8 pages each and cost 2 guilders 24 Kreuzer with an annual subscription. Johann Evangelist Fürst was editor, editor and publisher and thus bore the sole economic risk; the printing took place in Passau. From 1822, the publishing house took over from Prince's friend Friedrich Pustet, which increased the number of subscribers from 900 to 1,300, mainly from Bavaria and Austria. In 1823 the circulation was 3,000 copies.

The articles were written by clergymen, civil servants, teachers, landowners, doctors and gardeners and, in addition to agricultural issues, also dealt with questions of health care, child rearing and servicing. The main theme remained fruit and horticulture. The editions of a volume could be used together as an encyclopedic reference work through an alphabetical table of contents. In 1831 the magazine was renamed the Allgemeine deutsche Bürger- und Bauernzeitung , and from 1834 it was renamed the Neue Bürger- und Bauernzeitung .

From 1823, Fürst published the Allgemeine Deutsche Garten-Zeitung, a second weekly publication, initially with a print run of 6,000 copies. The target group were everyone interested in horticulture. In addition to poems and the continuation of novels, the magazine printed mainly practical, applicable horticultural knowledge, as well as literature reviews, descriptions of model gardens and reports on developments in Frauendorf.

Cover of the first issue of the journal Der Obstbaum-Freund (1828)

At the personal suggestion of King Ludwig I , he finally published Der Obstbaumfreund as the third magazine from 1828 . As with the Bauernzeitung, the subscription price was 2 guilders 24 kreuzers per year. The magazine was specially designed to support the work of teachers and students in school gardens. In April 1828, the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior had 10,000 free sample copies distributed to communities and schools in order to disseminate and publicize the magazine. With the approval for the publication of the Obstbaumfreund , Fürst received permission to purchase a printing press. He was not granted a general printing license, so that he was only allowed to print the magazines he edited himself.

In order to reduce the two-time work involved in editing the three magazines, Fürst combined them in 1844 to form the United Frauendorfer Blätter .

After the death of his father, Fürst's son Eugen took over the editing of the United Frauendorfer Blätter , which appeared until 1894, and after his death in 1877 under the editing of his son and Johann Fürst's grandson Willibald Fürst. In 1857, Eugen Fürst published a collection of the most interesting articles under the title Frauendorfer Garten-Schatz .

Honors

• For his charitable and patriotic commitment, he was awarded the golden civil merit medal of honor by King Ludwig I in 1827.

• The Braunau pomologist Liegel dedicated a cherry variety he found to Fürst and named it Fürst's black September cherry .

• The rose breeder Christine Meile named a park rose that she bred in 1999 after Johann Evangelist Fürst.

• The District Association for Horticulture and Land Care of Lower Bavaria has been awarding the Johann Evangelist Fürst Medal every year since 2009 to particularly deserving members in order to honor the Prince and not to let his work be forgotten .

Works

estate

The estate is in the Institut f, together with a sculpture by JF. East Bavarian homeland research at the University of Passau.

Books

• The sensible farmer Simon Strüf. A family story. All stands for use and interest; but especially every farmer and farmer in the years of increasing taxes a book of teaching and examples, in which it is shown clearly how the yield of the smallest good can be increased extraordinarily in a short time. FS Lerno'sche Schriften, Straubing 1817, in two volumes
  • 2nd increased and improved edition. 1819.
  • 3. Edition. 1821/23, supplemented by a third volume:
  • 4th edition
  • 5th edition. 1841, supplemented by a fourth volume.

• About the use of our earth as a fruit tree field. A compilation of the most important views of the necessity that we should also occupy and cultivate airspace. Edited for the Bavarian farmer, with an appendix of charitable funds, to exterminate all kinds of aphids on the young trees, then to drive caterpillars, snails, fleas, moles, earth mice, worms and other vermin from the gardens; to keep the flies and mosquitos from the horses. Munich 1817.

• Founding history of Frauendorf with all its institutions and purposes. Published by Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1841.
  • First ribbon
  • Second volume: Branch in Frauendorf
  • Third volume: The practical horticultural society
  • Fourth volume: Catalog of the types of fruit and trees

Magazines (as editor)

• Bauern-Zeitung from Frauendorf , 1819–1844, renamed from 1831 to Allgemeine deutsche Bürger- und Bauernzeitung and from 1834 to Neue Bürger- und Bauernzeitung .
• General German Garden Newspaper , Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 1823–1844
• Obstbaum-Freund , published by the practical horticultural society in Frauendorf, 1828–1844
• United Frauendorfer Blätter , 1844–1893

Web links

Commons : Johann Evangelist Fürst  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} H. Haushofer: Prince, Johann Evangelist. In: New German Biography. 5 (1961), pp. 692 f., Accessed on February 19, 2015.
2. ↑ Church book Vilshofen baptisms 4 1743-1804, page 311
3. ^ ^{A b} R. Schmid: Johann Evangelist Fürst (1784–1846) - life and work. ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Biography of Johann-Evangelist-Fuerst on the homepage of the District Association for Horticulture & Landespflege Niederbayern e. V., accessed on February 16, 2015.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} C. Gröschel: Johann Evangelist Fürst (1784–1846): people enlightener, company founder, publicist and entrepreneur. on the homepage: Gartenkunst im Passauer Land, accessed on February 23, 2015.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} R. Maier: Johann Evangelist Fürst and the Practical Horticultural Society in Bavaria. In: The Bavarian Forest. December 2008, pp. 65-75.
6. ^ Leitschuh, Max: The matriculations of the upper classes of the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich , 4 vols., Munich 1970-1976; Vol. 3, p. 224
7. ^ Upper Bavarian Archive for Patriotic History, edited by the historical associations of and for Upper Bavaria. Volume 27, Königliche Hofdruckerei by Dr. C. Wolf & Sohn, Munich 1866–1867, p. 31f.
8. ^ JE Fürst: Founding history of Frauendorf with all its institutions and purposes. Published by Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1841, Volume 1, pp. 55ff.
9. ↑ Our story. on the homepage of Pension Frauendorf, accessed on February 25, 2015.
10. ↑ JE Fürst: The well-advised farmer Simon Strüf. A family story. All stands for use and interest; but especially every farmer and farmer in the years of increasing taxes a book of teaching and examples, in which it is shown clearly how the yield of the smallest good can be increased extraordinarily in a short time. Fourth volume, Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1838, p. 191.
11. ↑ G. Liegel: Systematic instructions for the knowledge of the most excellent varieties of pome, stone, shell and berry fruit: with indication of the peculiar vegetation of the trees and bushes, etc. As an aid to natural fruit planting. Published by Friedrich Pustet, Passau 1825, p. 145.
12. ^ JE Fürst: Founding history of Frauendorf with all its institutions and purposes. Volume 4, published by Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1841.
13. ↑ ^{a b c} J. E. Fürst: Statutes of the association. In: United Frauendorfer Blätter. No. 1, Practical Horticultural Society in Bavaria, Frauendorf January 1, 1844, p. 1f.
14. ↑ About the use of our earth as a fruit tree field. A compilation of the most important views of the need for us to take possession of and cultivate airspace. Edited for the Bavarian farmer, with an appendix of charitable means, to exterminate all kinds of aphids on the young trees, then to drive caterpillars, snails, fleas, moles, earth mice, worms and other vermin from the gardens; to keep the flies and mosquitos from the horses. Munich 1817.
15. ↑ A. Fürst: Marianne Strüf: an economic house and reading book for women and daughters of every class: depicted as a side piece to Simon Strüf in a family painting. Balz'sche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart 1835.
16. ^ E. Fürst: Frauendorfer Garten-Schatz: a selected collection of tested advice and aids for the most energetic operations in the entire horticultural sector based on the latest experience; for florists, vegetable gardeners, fruit and wine growers, farmers, institutes, as well as for every house and every family. Expedition of the United Frauendorfer Blätter, Passau 1857.
17. ↑ JG Dittrich: Systematic handbook of fruit science, together with instructions for fruit tree cultivation and appropriate use of the fruit. Second volume: stone fruit. Friedrich Mauke, Jena 1837, p. 37.
18. ^ Entry by Rose Johann Evangelist Fürst on the World of Roses page , accessed on February 23, 2015.
19. ^ Johann Evangelist Prince Medal. ( Memento of the original from February 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the homepage of the District Association for Horticulture & Landespflege Niederbayern e. V., accessed on February 25, 2015.