Johann Georg Eccarius

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Johann Georg Eccarius (born August 23, 1818 in Friedrichroda in the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg , † March 5, 1889 in London ) was a German tailor , a leading member of the Communist League and the International Workers' Association .

Life

The Eccarius monument in the Kurpark Friedrichroda, erected in the GDR era
Saint Blaise Church in Friedrichrode. Eccarius was baptized here on September 1, 1818 and confirmed on Easter 1832.

Johann Georg Eccarius was the son of the tailor Johann Heinrich Eccarius (* April 21, 1776; † 1844) and his wife Henriette Sophie Maria, geb. Pride (14 July 1774 - 1845). He was the fourth child of his parents. On September 1, 1818, he was baptized by the pastor Engelhard . His siblings were Johann Friedrich Eccarius (born March 15, 1804), Anna Catharina Eccarius (born April 15, 1808, † 1813); Anna Barbara Eccarius (born June 3, 1815, † 1879); Barbara Elisabetha Eccarius (* June 5, 1821; † 1890) and Johann Friedrich Eccarius (* May 26, 1823). He was confirmed by Pastor Carl Ludwig Mothschiedler at Easter 1832 . After confirmation, Eccarius attended the “Sunday and trade school for confirmed boys” in his hometown and learned the trade of a tailor. Eccarius was classified by military service as "unfit for field service because of physical ailments or illness [...]." In 1839 he began the obligatory journeyman hike . In Hamburg he became a member of the local workers' education association , where he was mainly influenced by the utopian - communist circle around Wilhelm Weitling . Here he also met Friedrich Lessner . Joachim Friedrich Martens and Georg Gottlieb Schirges were the directors of the Hamburg workers' education association . Eccarius went to London in early 1846 and became a member of the Communist Workers' Association and the League of the Righteous there in early 1847 . Since 1847 he was a leading member of the League of Communists. On June 18, 1848, on behalf of the London district authority of the League of Communists, Eccarius wrote to their central authority in Cologne: “In the B [and] itself, Masn was extremely excited and discussed nothing other than the French and German revolutions; about the French Republic and daily politics in general ”.

"To the members of the workers' association in Cologne [...] Our enemies, the men of the moneybag and their allies, have long united, directly or indirectly, in order to more easily defend themselves against that class of human society that is exploited every day; they have conspired against those on whose shoulders the whole burden of the states rests, against those who produce everything and with whose sweat and blood the rich build their palaces and live in luxury and indulgence. It is high time, therefore, that we, the workers, unite to go against our enemies and to shake off the yoke of the most shameful slavery, the guardianship that has ruled over us for some time must cease, we can and may ours No longer trustingly placing our own affairs in other hands, we must become independent and organize our affairs ourselves, the interests of the working classes must be raised to the state interest and in order to be able to do this, the proletariat must become the ruling party in the state and the old social party Overturn the state of affairs, but this goal cannot be achieved in any other way than by the workers of all countries uniting and fighting the common enemy; It is therefore not enough that we unite in individual cities and set off towards our goal separately from all other localities; the associations that exist in different places must enter into regular correspondence with one another so that a common plan can be worked everywhere can. [...] On behalf of the Education Society for Workers in London, JG Eccarius, Schreiber. "

He was also a member of the new federal central authority from 1849. From 1850 he was active as a journalist. In 1860 he survived severe tuberculosis and was cared for by Karl and Jenny Marx .

After the dissolution of the Communist League, Eccarius was one of the leading members of the “New Workers' Association”. At the suggestion of Karl Marx, Eccarius sat on September 28, 1864 presidium of the founding assembly of the International Working Men's Association (IAA) and became its vice-president. Alongside Karl Marx, William Randal Cremer , Friedrich Leßner and Carl Pfänder , he was one of the most active members of the General Council of the International Workers' Association. On September 18, 1867, Karl Marx dedicated a copy of the first edition of Das Kapital to “His Georg Eccarius” . participated in all congresses and delegate conferences of the international. As a representative of the First International, he took part in Nuremberg in 1868 in the Association of German Workers' Associations , which, under the influence of August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht , spoke out in favor of joining the International. Eccarius worked for the newspaper Demokratisches Wochenblatt . In 1869 he visited his sisters in Thuringia.

In May 1872 there were differences of opinion in the General Council of the IAA over Victoria Woodhull's New York "Section 12" of the IAA between Eccarius, Karl Marx , Friedrich Engels and the majority of the General Council. Only John Hales agreed with Eccarius .

After the Hague Congress of the IAA he worked mainly for the English trade unions and was secretary of the London tailors' union "City Tailors". In 1872 he took British citizenship. In September 1873 he was a participant in the Geneva Congress of the Bakuninist International . He died on March 5, 1889 of complications from bronchitis .

Works

  • To the members of the workers' association in Cologne . In: newspaper of the workers' association in Cologne . No. 7 of June 4, 1848
  • The Struggle of Big and Small Capital, or The Tailoring in London . In: Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Political-economic review . Hamburg 1850 issue 5/6 (May-October 1850) digitized
  • A working tailor: The working tailors of London . In: The Red Republican . Ed. by George Julian Harney . London. Vol. 1. Nos. 22 and 23 of November 16 and 23, 1850
  • The Last Stage of Bourgeois Society . In: The Friend of the People . Ed. by George Julian Harney. London. No. 4 to 7 from January 4 to January 25, 1851
  • The discernement of a Manchester school philosopher . In: The Friend of the People . Ed. by George Julian Harney. London. No. 9 of February 8, 1851
  • The Well-Being of the Working Classes . In: Notes of the People . Ed. by Ernest Jones . London No. 22 of September 27, 1851
  • A Review of the Literature on the Coup d'Etat [Parts 1 to 8]. In: Notes of the People . Ed. by Ernest Jones. London No. 21 to 33 from September 25 to December 18, 1852
  • The State of France [I. to III.]. In: The People's Paper, the champion of political justice and universal right . Ed. by Ernest Jones. London No. 63 to 65 from July 16 to July 30, 1853
  • A Russian Defeat - Aberdeen's Peace Sermon - The English Labor Movement . In: The Reform . New York No. 103, December 8, 1853
  • Labor relations in England . In: Die Reform , New York No. 121 and 123 of December 29 and 31, 1853
  • The press and the strike . In: The people . London No. 16 dated August 20, 1859
  • On the reform question. I and II . In: The people . London No. 13 of July 30, 1860
  • The commonwealth. Organ of the Reform Movement. A journal of political, social, economical, and literary intelligence . Edited by George Odger and Johann Georg Eccarius. Industrial Newspaper Co, London 1866-1867
  • Congress of working men . In: The Times . London No. 25593 of September 3, 1866
  • A working man's refunction of some points of political economy endorsed and advocated by John Stuart Mill , Esq., MP In: The Commonwealth. The organ of the reform movement . London No. 192 to 211 from November 17, 1866 to March 23, 1867
  • Tailoring in London, or: The struggle of big and small capital . In: Democratic weekly paper . Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 (1868) as well as Appendix No. 24, Appendix No. 25 and Appendix No. 26 (1869).
  • A Worker's Refutation of John Stuart Mill's Economics . Albert Eichhof, Berlin 1869 digitized
  • B. Lucraft , John Weston, J. George Eccarius, Hermann Jung : The lockout of construction workers in Geneva. The General Council of the International Workers' Association to the Workers in Europe and the United States. London, 5th July 1870. Cooperative printing house, Geneva 1870
  • The International Working Men's Association . In: The Times , London No. 27205, October 27, 1871
  • The hours of labor. A paper read at the Century Club, under the auspices of the Labor Representation League . At the Office of the Labor Representation League, London 1872
  • An English International Congress . In: The Times of January 28, 1873
  • The Struggle of Big and Small Capital or Tailoring in London . Cooperative printing house, Leipzig, 1876.
  • A Worker's Refutation of John Stuart Mill's Economics . Volksbuchhandlung publishing house, Hottingen-Zurich 1888 (Social Democratic Library 21).

literature

  • Wermuth / Stieber : The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century. On official order for use by the police authorities of all German federal states. Second part. Containing: The personal details of the persons appearing in the Communist investigations . AW Hayn, Berlin 1854. p. 43 (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1969 and Verlag Klaus Guhl, Berlin 1976) Digitized
  • SL Bürgel: "Georg Eccarius in the police files". In: The fight . 18. Vol. Vienna 1925, p. 64 ff.
  • Ursula Hermann: Eccarius, Johann Georg . In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 106-108
  • Ute Emmrich: On the theoretical and political significance of the series of articles “The last stage of bourgeois society” by Johann Georg Eccarius . In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research . Issue 20, Berlin 1986, pp. 34-46
  • Ute Emmrich: Johann Georg Eccarius. A contribution to the biography up to the beginning of the 1860s with special consideration of his theoretical and journalistic activities at the side of Marx and Engels . Berlin 1986 (Academy for Social Sciences at the Central Committee of the SED, Diss. A)
  • Thomas Marxhausen : Origin, Significance and Marx's Part in JG Eccarius' Confrontation with John Stuart Mill . In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research . Issue 22, Berlin 1987, pp. 277-285
  • Ute Emmrich: Johann Georg Eccarius and his work in the revolutionary labor movement. A biographical abstract 1818-1864 . Erfurt 1988. (Contributions to the history of Thuringia)
  • Ute Emmrich: Johann Georg Eccarius - student, comrade in arms and friend of Marx and Engels . In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research . Issue 26. Berlin 1989, pp. 40-45
  • Thomas Marxhausen: Origin, Significance and Marx's Part in Eccarius' series of articles against John Stuart Mill . In: Marx-Engels-Jahrbuch 12, Dietz Verlag 1990, pp. 229-251
  • Rolf Dlubek : Co-founder of the League of Communists and Secretary General of the First International. Johann Georg Eccarius (1818-1889 ). In: Lived Ideas. Socialists in Thuringia. Biographical sketches ed. by Mario Hesselbarth; Eberhart Schulz and Manfred Weißbecker. Jena 2006 ISBN 3-935850-37-9 , pp. 134-140

Web links

Commons : Johann Georg Eccarius  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ute Emmrich: Johann Georg Eccarius and his work in the revolutionary workers' movement. A biographical outline 1818-1864 , p. 13 f. and 171 f.
  2. ↑ Ute Emmrich: Johann Georg Eccarius and his work in the revolutionary workers' movement. A biographical abstract 1818-1864 , p. 16.
  3. ↑ The League of Communists. Documents and materials. Volume 1. 1836-1849. Editors Herwig Förder, Martin Hundt , Jefim Kandel, Sofia Leviowa. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, p. 805.
  4. ^ Newspaper of the workers = association of Cologne . No. 7 of June 4, 1848, p. [63].
  5. ^ Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels July 17, 1860 ( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 30, p. 77).
  6. ^ Gerhard Becker: The 'New Workers' Association' in London 1852. A contribution to the history of the League of Communists . In: Journal of History . Berlin 1966, issue 1.
  7. ^ Karl Marx and the founding of the First International. Documents and materials . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1974, p. 5.
  8. ^ Documents of the first International. 1864-1866 . Lawrence & Wishart, London 1962, p. 41.
  9. ↑ Mirror June 15, 2016.
  10. ^ Rubric "From England". Johann Georg Eccarius to Wilhelm Liebknecht [August 1860] reprinted in: Wilhelm Liebknecht. Correspondence with German Social Democrats. Part 1. 1862–1878 . Ed. U. edit by Georg Eckert . van Gorcum, Assen 1973. ( Sources and studies on the history of the German and Austrian labor movement. New series 4) ISBN 90-232-0858-7 , pp. 258-259; Democratic weekly paper. Organ of the German People's Party and the Association of German Workers' Associations. Leipzig 1869 . Unchanged photomechanical reprint of the original edition. Central antiquariat of the German Democratic Republic, Leipzig 1969, p. 197 Note ***.
  11. ^ Documents of the first International. 1871-1872 . Lawrance & Wishart, London undated, p. 201 ff .: Karl Marx to Friedrich Adolph Sorge May 29, 1872 (Marx-Engels-Werke. Volume 33, p. 481.)
  12. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department I. Volume 20, p. 1973.
  13. ↑ Ute Emmrich: Johann Georg Eccarius and his work in the revolutionary workers' movement. A biographical abstract 1818-1864 , p. 145.
  14. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department I. Volume 10. Berlin 1977, pp. 629-640.
  15. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department I. Volume 11, Berlin 1985, pp. 459-463.
  16. ↑ The Welfare of the Working Class . In: Ute Emmrich, 1988, pp. 159-165.
  17. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department I. Volume 11, Berlin 1985, pp. 497-521.
  18. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department I. Volume 12, Berlin 1984, pp. 605-617.
  19. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department I. Volume 12, Berlin 1984, pp. 629-631.
  20. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department I. Volume 20, Berlin 1992, pp. 713-762.
  21. ^ In this form also as a brochure published by Albert Eichhoff Verlag, Berlin 1869.
  22. ↑ Banned on December 4, 1879 by the royal district headquarters in Leipzig. (Inge Werchan: The work of Marx and Engels in the German Social Democracy. (1869-1895). Bibliography . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1979, p. 130.)
personal data
SURNAME Eccarius, Johann Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German tailor, member of the League of Communists, member of the General Council of the First International
DATE OF BIRTH August 23, 1818
PLACE OF BIRTH Friedrichroda
DATE OF DEATH March 5, 1889
Place of death London