Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae

Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae, painting by Johann Georg Ziesenis the Elder. J. , between 1765 and 1770, Gleimhaus Halberstadt

Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae (also Johann Gerhart Reinhart Andreae and Johann Gerhard Reinhart Andreä ; born December 11 , according to other sources also December 17, 1724 in Hanover ; died May 1, 1793 ibid) was a German pharmacist , chemist , mineralogist and botanist .

Life

family

Andreae's parents were the court pharmacist Leopold Andreae (1686–1730) and Catharina Elisabeth Rosenhagen (died 1752). The paternal grandparents were the pharmacist Ernst Leopold Andreae (born around 1640) and Maria Wietzendorf (born around 1660) from Lüneburg. His only sister was Sophie Elisabeth (1730–1764), who was married to the theater principal Abel Seyler .

Andreae married Ilse Sophie Müller (1728–1795) on November 23, 1751. The couple had no children. After the death of Andreae 's sister Sophie Elisabeth in 1764, her three children grew up with her uncle, also known as JGR Andreae , in Hanover. The children were: Abel Seyler (1756–1805), who was court pharmacist in Celle, Ludwig Erdwin Seyler (1758–1836), who became a banker and politician, and Sophie Seyler (1762–1833), who from 1781 with the storm and -Drang- poet and family friend Andreaes Johann Anton Leisewitz was married. According to several reports, Andreae was a loving foster father for his sister's children.

Career

Andreae learned the basics of pharmacy in the pharmacy of his father, who died young. This was founded in 1636 in the Calenberger Neustadt on the so-called "Kloppenburg" and was run by the family until 1803. The later also called Hofapotheke, Hirschapotheke or Andreae-Apotheke was mainly visited by the electoral and royal court society.

In 1744 Andreae began studying pharmacy, geology and chemistry with Johann Heinrich Pott in Berlin . Then he traveled through Saxony and the Harz mining region to Frankfurt am Main , where he worked as a traveling pharmacist until 1746. On his return, Paul Gottlieb Werlhof persuaded him to study chemistry, mineralogy and metallurgy with the metallurgist Johann Andreas Cramer in Blankenburg . However, Cramer sent him to Leyden , where he studied chemistry with Hieronymus David Gaub (1705–1780). He was also in London for a few months.

In 1747 he took over the management of his parents' Andreae pharmacy, which he inherited after his mother's death. On November 23, 1751, he married Ilse Sophie Müller (1728–1795).

In 1753 he was back in Frankfurt / Main. On his travels he made friends with Pieter van Musschenbroek , Jean-André Deluc , Benjamin Franklin and Philipp Friedrich Gmelin .

From August to October 1763 he went on a scientific trip through Switzerland, where he visited the most important Alpine regions, especially the Bernese Oberland . He was interested in herbaria, collections of fossils and crystals, salt pans, thermal baths and glaciers. When visiting Johannes Gessner's natural history cabinet, he expressed doubts about the origin of what is probably the most famous Swiss fossil, which Johann Jakob Scheuchzer had described as an “undisputable remnant from the flood”. But they remained representatives of the then prevailing diluvial theory . His natural history letters from 1763 to friends were published in 1764/65 in the Hannoversche Magazin , of which he was a collaborator. In 1776, Füssli printed a splendid new edition in Zurich with numerous comments by Jakob Samuel Wyttenbach.

On behalf of the Elector of Hanover, around 1765 to 1769 he examined a considerable number of types of earth near Hanover and their use for agriculture.

His Alchemistic Letters of 1767 contain pharmaceutically interesting prescriptions. He did preparatory work for the first official pharmacopoeia in Braunschweig, the Dispensatorium Brunsvicense from 1777.

From 1776 he was a member of the Erfurt Academy of Non-Profit Science .

From 1778 to 1781 he employed Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart (pupil of Torbern Olof Bergman and friend of Carl Wilhelm Scheele ) to organize his natural history collections, including a herbarium, a collection of seeds and a wood.

Fonts

• Letters from Switzerland to Hanover written in the year 1763 ( online )
  • also contained in: Hannoverisches Magazin , 1764 and 1765 (104 letters)
• Treatise on a considerable Number of types of earth, from Sr. Großbr. Majesty of the German lands ... and of the same use for the farmer , 1769
• Directory of almost all parts of scholarship, especially zoology, botany, mineralogy ... relating to the collection of books of the late local pharmacist JGR Andreae, which ... on April 22nd, 1794 a. on the following days ... to be sold to the highest bidder , Hanover, 1794

literature

• Jean-Daniel Candaux: Andreae, Johann Gerhard Reinhard. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
• Georg E. Then:  Andreae, Johann Gerhart Reinhart. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 282 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Alphons Oppenheim:  Andreä, Johann Gerhard Reinhard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 447.
• German Biographical Encyclopedia , Vol. 1, p. 129
• German Pharmacist Biography , Vol. 1, p. 8f.
• Joachim Knoll: The trip to Switzerland of the Hanoverian pharmacist Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae in 1763 (= reading room. Exquisite things from the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library , issue 23), ed. from the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library , Hameln: Niemeyer, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8271-8823-6 and ISBN 3-8271-8823-7 , table of contents
• Dirk Böttcher : ANDREAE, (2) Johann Gerhard Reinhard. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 29f.
• Dirk Böttcher: Andreae, (2) Johann Gerhard Reinhard. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 27.
• Flavio Häner: "Traveling, researching, collecting - The letters from Switzerland of the Hanoverian court pharmacist Andreae (1763)", in: Collecting things, creating knowledge: The history of the natural history collections in Basel, 1735–1850 , pp. 109–132, transcript Verlag, 2017

Web links

Commons : Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae in the catalog of the German National Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} o. V .: Andreae, Johann Gerhard Reinhard in the database of Niedersächsische Personen ( new entry required ) of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library - Lower Saxony State Library in the version of November 7, 2011, last accessed on July 20, 2020
2. ^ Alphons Oppenheim:  Andreä, Johann Gerhard Reinhard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 447.
3. ↑ ^{a b} George E. Then:  Andreae, Johann Gerhart Reinhart. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 282 f. ( Digitized version ).
4. ↑ Dirk Böttcher: Andreae, (2) Johann Gerhard Reinhard. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 29f.
5. ^ Georg Schwedt : The Clausthaler Raths pharmacist Johann Christoph Ilsemann. Chemiker und Mineraloge , Norderstedt: Books on Demand, 2018, ISBN 978-3-7481-8262-7 , pp. 22-23; limited preview in Google Book search
6. ↑ Karl Hufbauer: The formation of the German chemical community, 1720-1795 ; P. 187
7. ↑ Joachim Knoll: In awe of nature in awe ; at uni-hannover.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 811 kB)