Johann von Halbig
Johann Halbig (* 13. July 1814 in Donnersdorf ; † 29. August 1882 in Munich ) was a German sculptor of classicism and the brother of Andreas Halbig .
Youth and career
Halbig was born as the second son of the married couple Joseph and Kunigunde Halbig. He had a tough childhood and adolescence as his father, although active as an artist, “couldn't handle money”. The parents' marriage ended in divorce in 1831. Seventeen-year-old Halbig was sentenced to imprisonment for theft and, after escaping from prison, was punished publicly with lashes. Thereupon he went to Munich to see his older brother Andreas, who referred him to Ernst Mayer , who taught at the polytechnic school there.
Mayer recognized Halbig's artistic talent, made him his pupil and personal assistant and let him attend the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. The Bavarian King Ludwig I soon became aware of him. After Mayer's untimely death, Halbig succeeded him in 1845 in the professorship for embossing at the Polytechnic School. From 1848 he taught the then 'Polytechnic School ' (today's Technical University of Munich) the Westphalia Kaspar Zumbusch , who was later to design the Korbinian altar of the Frauenkirche in Munich, as well as from 1865 the royal monument for Maximilian II as a pupil, as well as the builder of the Fischbrunnens, the Palatinate Konrad Knoll .
Halbig died in Munich at the age of 68 on August 29, 1882 of heart failure.
tomb
Halbig's grave is located in the Old Southern Cemetery in Munich (Neue Arkaden grave, NA-14, location ). The tomb he designed himself was destroyed in a bombing in 1943 during World War II.
plant
Halbig's style is described as decorative and sensitive, his approach as careful. Among the outstanding Munich sculptors, he was the first to join the currents of realism and naturalism .
A selection in detail:
- unknown year side altar in the Bartholomäuskirche in Oberspiesheim , together with his brother
- 1841–1843 in Leo von Klenze's commission, 12 model sketches for the colossal figures, including Raphael , Titian , Peter Paul Rubens ' at the Imperial Museum in Saint Petersburg .
- 1844 two Bavarian lions and two sphinxes for the portals of the Burgberg tunnel in Erlangen , the oldest railway tunnel in Bavaria
- 1847 team of four with colossal lions for the Siegestor in Munich
- 1850 bronze crucifix for the center of the new part in the old southern cemetery and there also three large portrait statues of the graves of Max Ainmiller (1871), Philipp Franz von Walthers (1850) and Heinrich von Breslaus (1851) in the new arcades there, not far from Halbig's own grave
- Crucifix in the Munich Frauenkirche
- 1848 two colossal lions and a relief for the Wittelsbacher Palais (the palace was destroyed by bombs in World War II, since then one of the lions has stood in the courtyard of the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, the other in front of the Bayerische Landesbank)
- 1856 six meter high Bavarian Lion flanking one side of the port entrance in Lindau
- 1856 Statue of General Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy in front of the government of Upper Bavaria in Maximilianstrasse
- 1858 August von Platen memorial for Ansbach
- 1860 statue of the Palatine Joseph in Pest
- 1861 bust of the theologian Peter Scheitlin (1779–1848) for his memorial in St. Gallen , Switzerland
- 1864 three female statues on the roof of the government of Upper Bavaria in Munich, from west to east Fides (loyalty), Justitia (justice) and Sapientia (wisdom)
- 1864/65 funerary monument for the family of Field Marshal Cachahiba d'Argolo in Salvador da Bahia , Brazil
- 1865 Memorial stone made of marble with a bust of the painter Claude Lorrain placed in front of the St. Anna Church in Harlaching
- 1865 Josef von Fraunhofer's statue in front of the Five Continents Museum in Maximilianstrasse, Munich
- 1868 emancipation group for New York
- 1869 Tomb for his brother Andreas Halbig in the Penzing parish cemetery in Vienna
- Models for the 18 figures for the German tribes at the Kelheim Liberation Hall
- Statue of King Maximilian II of Bavaria in a Hubertus costume in Lindau
- many grave monuments and busts, etc. a. by Franz Graf von Pocci
- 1875 equestrian statue of King Wilhelm I of Württemberg in front of the Great Kursaal in Stuttgart- Bad Cannstatt
- In 1875 the last major work commissioned by Ludwig II of Bavaria was a colossal crucifixion group for Oberammergau
Honors
Halbig received the Knight's Cross First Class of the Order of Merit from Saint Michaels , the Austrian Franz Joseph Order and the Order of the Württemberg Crown . The title of nobility was awarded to him by King Ludwig II . In honor of the Halbig brothers there is a plaque on the house where they were born in Donnersdorf.
literature
- Hyacinth Holland : Halbig, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 49, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, pp. 708-785.
- Joseph Alois Kuhn (pseudonym): Professor Johann Halbig and his works, a contribution to modern art history. Knorr & Hirth, Munich, 1879 ( digitized MDZ ).
- Ilse Krumpöck: The sculptures in the Army History Museum. Vienna 2004, p. 66 f.
- Longin Mösslein: From poor farm boy to ennobled sculptor. In: Bayerischer Landesverein für Heimatpflege (Ed.): Schönere Heimat ISSN 0177-4492 , issue 2/2007.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mösslein (see literature), p. 101.
- ↑ Mösslein, p. 102.
- ↑ Some works from the 1830s and early 1840s have been attributed to Halbig, but according to Johann Michael von Soeltl works by his teacher Mayer, see ders .: Die bildende Kunst in München. J. Lentner, Munich 1842, pp. 469-471 ( digitized in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Ernst Eichhorn: The Railway in Art - Railway and Industrial Culture (PDF; 2.0 MB) . As of February 14, 2012.
- ^ Maximilian Mayet: The Crucifixion Group - monumental gift from Ludwig II. In: Kulturpfad Ludwig II. , Staffelsee-Gymnasium Murnau, August 31, 2011.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Halbig, Johann von |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Halbig, Johann |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German sculptor |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 13, 1814 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Donnersdorf |
DATE OF DEATH | August 29, 1882 |
Place of death | Munich |