Johann Kaspar Schiller

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Johann Kaspar Schiller as a lieutenant
Birthplace in Bittenfeld
Memorial plaque on the birthplace
Schiller's grave in Gerlingen

Johann Kaspar Schiller (born October 27, 1723 in Bittenfeld , † September 7, 1796 at Solitude Castle near Gerlingen (Württemberg), buried September 9, 1796 at the Petruskirche in Gerlingen) was an officer and court gardener of the Duke of Württemberg. He is Friedrich Schiller's father .

Life

Johann Kaspar Schiller was the son of the mayor Johannes Schiller (* 1682), whose ancestors were predominantly wine growers and craftsmen in the Rems Valley , and his wife Eva Margarete Schiller, née Schatz (* 1690). He initially received lessons in Latin from a private tutor until 1734 . After four years of field work, in 1738 he apprenticed as a barber and surgeon in Denkendorf and Backnang .

During his wandering in 1741 he came to Lindau in Lake Constance and Nördlingen, among other places . In 1745 he became a soldier and field sergeant in various units and states. In 1749 he received the surgeon examination in Marbach and in 1753 entered the service of Duke Carl Eugen as a soldier . Since 1759 he became a lieutenant, in 1767 he became a captain in Ludwigsburg , and in 1794 he became a sergeant major .

In addition to his soldier profession, Schiller developed numerous suggestions for improving agriculture in Ludwigsburg. Because of his interests, he became head of the ducal court gardens at the later, from 1858 to March 31, 1942, in Gerlingen and since then in Stuttgart, Solitude Palace .

He also directed the forest nurseries in the country. His tree nursery at Schloss Solitude was considered the largest tree nursery in southern Germany at the end of the 18th century. From there, at Schiller's instigation, fruit growing was decisively promoted throughout the Duchy of Württemberg. Many of the orchards that still exist today in Gerlingen as well as in the rest of the central Neckar region go back to Schiller's activities. His comprehensive work Tree-growing in large numbers was considered an important standard work in fruit-growing well into the 20th century. Today Schiller is considered a pioneer of what was then modern agriculture. At the time of his death, Schiller was inspector of all the ducal gardens and tree nurseries.

Schiller married on Monday, September 22, 1749, Elisabetha Dorothea Kodweiß (1732-1802), daughter of the innkeeper and baker Kodweiß, with whom he had six children, including his only son Friedrich Schiller (* 1759), who was of outstanding importance for the German literature, and the well-known oldest daughter Elisabeth Christophine Friederike (* 1757).

His grave and that of his daughter Karoline Christiane, who also died in 1796 at the age of 19, at the Petruskirche in Gerlingen have been preserved to this day. In Gerlingen there is also a memorial for the entire Schiller family on Kirchstrasse.

Fonts

  • Considerations about agricultural matters in the Duchy of Würtemberg (= economic contributions to the promotion of civil prosperity. Vol. 1). Cotta, Stuttgart.
    • 1: From agriculture. 1767.
    • 2: From viticulture. 1767.
    • 3: From cattle breeding. 1767.
    • 4: From arboriculture. 1768.
    • 5: Of rural trades. 1768.
  • Arboriculture on a large scale is judged from twenty years of experience on a small scale with regard to its treatment, costs, benefits and yield. Hofbuchhandlung, Neustrelitz 1795.

literature

  • Peter Lahnstein: Schiller's Life. Biography. New edition. List, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-471-78050-5 .
  • Friedrich Pfäfflin, Eva Dambacher: Schiller. Permanent exhibition of the Schiller National Museum and the German Literature Archive Marbach am Neckar (= Marbach Catalogs. ISSN  2363-5428 , Vol. 32). 3rd, revised edition. German Schiller Society, Marbach am Neckar 2001.
  • Constant Wurzbach von Tannenberg : The Schiller book. Ceremony for the first Säcular celebration of Schiller's birth in 1859. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1859 ( digitized in the Google book search).

Web links

Commons : Johann Kaspar Schiller  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Solitude did not become part of the municipality of Gerlingen (Württemberg) until 1858 and only came to Stuttgart on April 1, 1942.
  2. ↑ Wurzbach, p. 221
  3. ↑ To the best of his knowledge, this happened on the recommendation of the then Vice-Director of Rentkammer, his close friend Johann Christoph Dertinger (1731–1787), a nephew of the prelate Friedrich Christoph Oetinger . Cf. Reinhard Breymayer: Between Princess Antonia of Württemberg and Heinrich von Kleist's Käthchen von Heilbronn . News on the magnetic and tension fields of Prelate Friedrich Christoph Oetinger . Heck , Dußlingen 2010, p. 24 f .; see. Pp. 16, 48, 20, 62, 226. See Schiller's works. National Edition , Vol. 33, Part 1. Ed. By Siegfried Seidel. Weimar 1989, p. 39 f .: “Dearest son! [...] In addition to the fact that I wanted to inquire about his condition at the moment, I informed him that our former Mr. Cammer-Director [Johann Christoph] Dertinger will soon be coming to Mannheim and inquire about him there. This is one of my best friends and has shown me a great deal of friendship for the 33rd years that I have known him, and as far as I know, suggested myself to Serenissimo [Duke Charles II Eugene of Württemberg] for my post here. He my son can sincerely confide in him and ask for good advice and if he cannot help himself: he has great acquaintance through which he can be useful to his friends in some way. [...] We hug and kiss him warmly His faithful father [Johann Caspar] Sch [iller]. ”Cf. the comments ibid., Vol. 33, Part 2. Ed. By Georg Kurscheidt. Weimar 1998, p. 100 f .; the register.
  4. ↑ Wurzbach, p. 221
personal data
SURNAME Schiller, Johann Kaspar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German officer and court gardener of the Duke of Württemberg
DATE OF BIRTH October 27, 1723
PLACE OF BIRTH Bittenfeld
DATE OF DEATH September 7, 1796
Place of death Stuttgart