Johann Michael Herbart

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Johann Michael Herbart (born August 27, 1703 in Ostheim before the Rhön ; † August 2, 1768 in Oldenburg ) was a German educator in the early days of the Enlightenment .

Life

Herbart was born as the son of the linen weaver Johann Jakob Herbart (1673–1730) and his wife Anna Katharina born. Schnepff (1670–1741) born. After attending school in his hometown, he went to high school in Schleusingen in 1714 . In 1722 he went to the University of Wittenberg , where he studied theology , ancient languages and philosophy . In 1725 he moved to the University of Helmstedt , after completing his studies he went to Bremen as a private tutor and in 1729 as vice principal at the Latin school in Delmenhorst . In 1730 he worked as a teacher in Oldenburg, where in 1734 he was appointed rector of the Latin school there and consistorial assessor. Thus Herbart was also a member of the highest church and school board at that time to Denmark belonging county Oldenburg . He held this position until his death. He was the teacher of Gerhard Anton von Halem and was his lifelong friend.

Herbart designed numerous school programs that show him as a passionate enlightened educator who distinguished himself through great knowledge. He also wrote numerous writings on philosophical and theological content and was involved in the editing of various magazines. In 1746, together with the archivist Johann Heinrich Schloifer , he founded the Oldenburgische Nachrichten von Staats-, schultten, and bourgeois things , the first newspaper to appear regularly in Oldenburg. It had to stop its publication in 1748 for financial reasons. From 1749, Herbart brought out the Oldenburg weekly advertisements with government support , for which he was both publisher and editor and which appeared in several modified forms until 1978. The basic position of his writings is based on knowledge that Herbart laid as a basis during his studies and that developed in the field of tension between Lutheran Orthodoxy , Halle Pietism and enlightenment philosophy based on natural law. He was open to the new social endeavors of his time and, as one of the most effective early enlighteners in the Oldenburg public, he had a lasting influence on the spiritual life of his surroundings.

family

Herbart was married to Klara Elisabeth born on May 22, 1731. Probst (1701–1777), the daughter of the former Mayor of Oldenburg Johann Friedrich Probst († 1707). The marriage had a daughter and four sons who entered the Oldenburg and Prussian civil service . Herbart's grandson was the influential philosopher , psychologist and pedagogue Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841), who is considered a classic of pedagogy and the founder of Herbartianism and general pedagogy beyond the German-speaking world .

Works (selection)

  • Kurtze illustration of a blissful state. Oldenburg. Probably around 1736.
  • Kurtzer draft from the noblest sources of the corruption of youth. Oldenburg. 1736.
  • Brief evidence that all students must have a historical knowledge of the good arts and crafts. Oldenburg. 1740.
  • Brief discussion of the question: to what extent the actions of men directly and indirectly promote the glory of God, or at least not offend. Oldenburg. 1742.
  • Brief discussion of the question: Who should study? Oldenburg. 1747.
  • Attempt to prove that a historian's impartiality is a difficult matter. Oldenburg. 1748.
  • Brief consideration of some of the causes that prevent virtue among evangelical Christians. Oldenburg. 1751.
  • Brief note on the doctrine of the primitive communion of goods and property. Oldenburg. 1759.
  • About the inoculation of smallpox. Oldenburg. 1760.
  • The school tone. Oldenburg. 1763.

literature

personal data
SURNAME Herbart, Johann Michael
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator
DATE OF BIRTH August 27, 1703
PLACE OF BIRTH Ostheim in front of the Rhön
DATE OF DEATH August 2, 1768
Place of death Oldenburg