Johann Placotomus

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Johann Placotomus

Johann Placotomus (also: Brettschneider ; * around 1514 in Münnerstadt ; † May 6, 1577 in Danzig ) was a German physician and educator.

Life

No tangible data is available about the first few years of Placotomus' life. What is certain is that he matriculated at the University of Wittenberg on April 2, 1530 . In the winter semester of 1537 he can be found in the registers of the University of Leipzig , where he passed his pauperum exam on April 26, 1538. He returned to Wittenberg and completed his master's degree in the seven liberal arts there on September 15, 1541 . Without a doubt, during that time he was in close contact with Philipp Melanchthon and Martin Luther , who called him a trusted friend.

During his time in Wittenberg, Placotomus is likely to have attended lectures by Georg Joachim Rheticus , Erasmus Reinhold in mathematics, Veit Amerbach in physics and Veit Winsheim in rhetoric. As a master's degree, he had created the prerequisites for studying at a higher faculty. He decided to continue his studies in the medical faculty under the teachers Augustin Schurff and Jakob Milich . After he had acquired the licentiate in medicine under Milich , he received his doctorate in medicine on June 7, 1543 . In the following year he took over the first medical professorship at the University of Königsberg as full professor. However, there he got caught up in the theological disputes of that time.

It was assumed that he was involved in the dissemination of diatribes against Andreas Osiander . As rector of the academy in the winter semester of 1548, he refused to give Duke Albrecht an overview of the scholarship holders at his university at that time. Thereupon an academic dispute broke out with Placotomus, who insulted Andreas Aurifaber in a rough way. He was then refused to attend the meetings of the Academy Senate. Placotomus therefore demanded his discharge from college. He stayed in the academy's faculty for some time, but without being active in lectures. Instead he went to Danzig in 1552, where he got a job as a city ​​physician .

Here he took over the Ratsapotheke in 1555 and became active as an author of various writings. This in turn called the Bishop Stanislaus Hosius on the scene, so that he had to flee to Eisleben . However, he returned to Gdansk in 1558 and received the Gdansk Ratsapotheke again in 1566. It should not be overlooked that he has earned an excellent reputation for shaping the Gdańsk school system. He not only wrote many medical writings, but also took care of the development of the school system in Gdansk. He helped develop the foundations of the grammar school in Danzig, which subsequently became a breeding ground for many German personalities over the centuries.

Works (selection)

  • Disputationes quaedam philosophicae in Academia Regiomontanae propositae. 1548
  • De natura cerevisiarum et de mulso. Koenigsberg, 1549
  • Conclusiones apologeticae quorundam thematum propositorum. De distillationibus. Danzig, 1550
  • On the abuse and right use of urinary vision. Danzig, 1550
  • De natura et viribus cerevisiarum et mulsarum opusculum. Wittenberg 1551
  • Oratio de ratione discendi ac praecipue medicinam. Leipzig, 1552
  • De distillationibus chymicis epistola, item disputariones eiusdem. Frankfurt, 1553
  • De tuenda bona valetudine libellus E. Hessi, commentariis doctissimis illustratus. Frankfurt 1554; Paris 1555; Frankfurt 1556; 1564, 1571, 1582,
  • Causae contemtus medicinae. Eisleben, 1558
  • De diaeta salubri sive de vicru privatorum libellus Polybi ..., Danzig, 1558; Antwerp 1561 (by Polybos, the pupil or son-in-law of Hippocrates of Kos )
  • Pharmacopoea in compendium redacta. 1560, Antwerp, repr. 1973
  • Compendium pharmacopoeae. Lyon, 1561
  • De ratione docendi disputatio ad quaedam controversias ..., Danzig, 1563
  • Quaestiones de germanicis fabularum actionibus oppositae opinionibus. Danzig, 1564
  • A short and simple report, how to run in this case of dying - the angry Pestilentz ... city of Dantzigk. Danzig, 1564
  • Schola sive latinae scholae constitutio… themata ad rationem docendae iuventutis. Frankfurt, 1566
  • Ratio docendi juventutem. Leipzig, 1566
  • Methodi dialecticae in gratiam novi gymnasii Dantiscani. Frankfurt 1567
  • How to get Christian German children's schools ... Rostock 1568
  • Disputationes quaedam ad rectam docendi discendique rationes spectantes. Koenigsberg 1569

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Eduard Förstemann: Album Academiae Vitebergensis, Leipzig 1841, p. 138 b4
  2. ^ Matriculation of the University of Leipzig
  3. ^ Certificate of exams, matriculation of the University of Leipzig
  4. ^ Julius Köstlin : The Baccalaurei and Magistri of the Wittenberg Philosophical Faculty 1538-1546. Max Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1890, p. 13
  5. ↑ Heinz Kathe : The Wittenberg Philosophical Faculty 1502-1817 (= Central German Research. Volume 117). Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-412-04402-4 , pp. 455-470.
  6. ^ Gottfried Suevus: Academiae Wittenbergensis from anno fundationis 1502 ..., usque ad annum 1655. Wittenberg 1655
  7. ^ ED Schnaase: Andreas Aurifaber and his Schola Dantiscana. A contribution to the history of schools in Gdansk. In: Rudolf Reicke, Ernst Wichert: Old Prussian Monthly. Thomas & Oppermann, Königsberg / Prussia 1874, Vol. 11, pp. 318–319
  8. ^ Hermann Grensemann : The doctor Polybos as the author of Hippocratic writings. Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz (Commissioned by Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden), Mainz 1968 (= Academy of Sciences and Literature. Treatises of the humanities and social sciences . Year 1968, No. 2), p. 53–95, here: p. 53 f. and 94.
personal data
SURNAME Placotomus, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brettschneider, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physician and educator
DATE OF BIRTH around 1514
PLACE OF BIRTH Münnerstadt
DATE OF DEATH May 6, 1577
Place of death Danzig