Johann von Böber

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Johann Jacob Böber , later Knight von Böber (also Johann Jakob Boeber , Jean de Boeber , Ivan Vasilevič Boeber , born December 22, 1746 in Weimar , † July 16, 1820 in St. Petersburg ) was a German teacher , Russian-Imperial Real Budget Councilor , Freemason , naturalist , explorer , entomologist and botanist . His botanical author abbreviation is " Boeber ".

Life

Johann Jacob Böber was the son of a Weimar chimney sweeper. He studied at the University of Jena and later worked as a teacher at the Saint Petri School in Saint Petersburg. Around 1783 he became a teacher of geography and history and class inspector in the Artillery and Engineer Cadet Corps , which later became the II Cadet Corps. General Pyotr Ivanovich Melissino, of Greek descent, was the director of this Imperial Military Educational Institution from 1783 to 1797 . From 1792 to 1797 Böber lived and worked in Ekaterinoslaw . He then returned to the Cadet Corps in Saint Petersburg, where he was, after his previous appointments to Court Councilor and Collegiate Council, as Russian-Imperial Real Budget Council and class inspector of the Russian Major General and Count Valerian Subov (1771-1804) at the time II Cadet Corps was active. In some cases, the artillery and engineer cadet corps was already teaching according to the philanthropic didactics, which Böber implemented according to the Russian requirements after evaluating the knowledge he gained from a stay at the Philanthropinum in Dessau.

He was an enthusiastic naturalist and put on an extensive natural collection with minerals and fossils and animal and vegetable preparations. Böber collected and cataloged numerous insect and plant species and is the first to describe various botanical and zoological taxa. Among other things, he was the first to describe Palingenia fulinginosa ( Boeber in Georgi ) in 1802 and Boloria tritonia ( Boeber ) in 1812. He worked with the entomologists Eugen Johann Christoph Esper and Johann Christian Fabricius , to whom he sent insects from Russia for processing. For publications by the geographer Johann Gottlieb Georgi , Böber made his directory of insects available with additional information. He sent the botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow the plants he discovered on his excursions. During his stay in Weimar in 1783, he visited Johann Samuel Schröter and bought a copy of a death-headed caterpillar for 8 groschen , which he had never seen before.

Böber became a Freemason in 1776 , a member of the St. Petersburg Apollo Lodge and subsequently one of the most active Freemasons in Russia. He gave August Friedrich Ferdinand Kotzebue , who came from his home in Weimar and who was the theater director in St. Petersburg for his boss General von Bauer , access to the Swedish provincial lodge, but fell completely apart with him in 1782. In 1803 he worked with Tsar Alexander I. the repeal of the prohibition of Freemasonry issued by Tsar Paul I. In 1805 he became master of the chair of the newly established Alexander Lodge for the crowned pelican and in 1808 Grand Master of the great Vladimir Directorial Lodge for order . In 1815 he gave up the management of the director's lodge and moved with the Zum flammenden Stern lodge to the newly established grand lodge Astraea .

Since August 1783 he belonged to the Illuminati Order founded in 1776 under the religious name Gregorius .

Johann Jacob Böber became a member of the Imperial Free Economic Society of Saint Petersburg in 1790 and a corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1796 . On October 5, 1797, Johann Böber with the academic surname Evages was accepted as a member (registration number 999) in the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina . He was an honorary member of the Russian-Imperial Mineralogical Society and on July 21, 1799 became an honorary foreign member of the Society for the entire mineralogy of Jena.

In his honor the plant genera Boebera Willd. 1803, Boeberastrum (A. Gray) Rydb. 1915 and Boeberoides (DC.) Strother 1986 from the subfamily of the Asteroideae .

Böber received the Russian Order of St. Anne and was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th class in 1790 .

He was buried in the Smolensk Cemetery in St. Petersburg.

After his death, his natural history collection was acquired by the upper school authorities for 11,000 rubles for the University of St. Petersburg .

The insect collection was previously valued at about 10,000 rubles and included about 6,000 specimens. His collection of Russian Coleoptera (especially southern Russia) went to the Zoological Museum in St. Petersburg in 1823. His Lepidoptera collection is thought to be lost.

The Herbarium of Böber consisted of 7,000 samples (6,000 vascular plants and 1,000 cryptogamic), which after the acquisition in 1823 by Gustav Heinrich von Bongard were examined and today in the Botanical VL Komarov Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as parts in the Herbarium of the University St. Petersburg (Herbarium Code LECB).

Fonts

  • Letter from Mr. Hofrath and Studies Director Böber from Ekatrinoslaw of October 25, 1792 . In: New Nordic contributions to the physical and geographical description of the earth and peoples, natural history and economics, 6, St. Petersburg and Leipzig 1793, pp. 256–264 ( digitized version )
  • About some entomological peculiarities of Tauria . From a letter from Herr Ritter Böber, from Yekaterinoslaw, dated December 13, 1793. In: Magazin des Tierreichs, 1, Erlangen 1793, p. 135 ( digitized version )
  • Display of some harmful insects in Tauria . In: Prize writings and treatises of the Imperial Free Economic Society in St. Petersburg. First part, Gerstenberg, Gotha and St. Petersburg 1795, pp. 167–175 ( digitized version )
  • Remarks on various subjects of economy in the Ekaterinoslav governorship . In: Prize writings and treatises of the Imperial Free Economic Society in St. Petersburg. First part, Gerstenberg, Gotha and St. Petersburg 1795, pp. 196-218 ( digitized version )
  • Directory of the plants collected by Knight von Böber in Tauria and in the Katharinoslavsche Gouvernement . In: Magazin des Pflanzenreichs, 1, 3, Erlangen 1796, pp. 154–166 ( digitized version )
  • Description of the quelques nouvelles espèces de papillons découverts in Sibérie . In: Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 2, Moscow 1809, pp. 305-310 ( digitized version )

Associated fonts:

    • 5th grade. Insects. In: Johann Gottlieb Georgi: Attempt to describe the Russian Kayserl. Residence city of St. Petersburg and the curiosities of the area. Riga 1793, pp. 543-550 ( digitized version )
    • Supplements for the insects existing in the Russian Empire . In: Johann Gottlieb Georgi: Supplements for its geographical-physical and natural-historical description of the Russian Empire. Königsberg 1802, pp. 331–344 ( digitized version )

Works

  • Freymäurerlieder for the use of the United Lodges in Russia . St. Petersburg 1780 digitized

literature

  • Anonymous: Nekrolog von Böber . In: Der Wanderer, 264, Wednesday, September 20, 1820 ( digitized version )
  • Erich Donnert : Boeber (Böber), Johann (Ivan Vasilevič) (1746-1820) . In: Helmut Reinalter (Ed.): Freemason Personalities in Europe , Studienverlag, Innsbruck 2014 ( digitized version )
  • C. Lenning (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, together with news about the secret connections that are actually or allegedly related to it, in alphabetical order. First volume, A to G, Brockhaus, Leipzig 1822 ( digitized )
  • Henning von Wistinghausen : Freemasons and Enlightenment in the Russian Empire, The Revaler Logen 1773-1820 . With a biographical lexicon. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2016, p. 139 ( digitized version )

Web links

Notes and individual references

  1. ^ Intelligence Journal of the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, Num. 52, Saturday March 30, 1805, Col. 420 ( digitized version )
  2. ^ Johann Samuel Schröter: Letter to Hofrath Schreber about the death-headed caterpillar near Weimar in 1783. In: Der Naturforscher, Zwanzigstes Stück, Gebauer, 1784, pp. 173-184 ( digitized version )
  3. ^ Hermann Schüttler: The members of the Order of Illuminati, 1776–1787 / 93 , Munich 1991, ISBN 3-89391-018-2
  4. ↑ Selection of economic treatises which the Freye Economic Society in St. Petersburg received in German. 3, St. Petersburg 1791, p. VIII ( digitized version )
  5. ^ Johann Daniel Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the Imperial Leopoldino-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the second century of its existence. Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1860, p. 241 digitized
  6. ↑ Writings of the Russian-Imperial Society for the Entire Mineralogy, founded in St. Petersburg, 1, 1, St. Petersburg 1842, p. 15 ( digitized version )
  7. ^ Intelligence gazette of the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung from 1799, Numero 94 from July 27, 1799, column 755 ( digitized version )
  8. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Index of Eponymic Plant Names. Index de Noms Eponymes des Genres Botaniques. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin, Berlin 2016, p. B-61 digitized
  9. ^ Intelligence sheet of the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung from 1790, Numero 149 from November 10, 1790, Col. 1227 ( digitized version )
  10. ↑ St. Petersburgische Zeitschrift, 13-14, 1824, p. 229 ( digitized version )
  11. ↑ "C. Lenning "is the pseudonym of the author Friedrich Mossdorf (1757–1843)
personal data
SURNAME Böber, Johann von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Böber, Johann Jacob von; Boeber, Johann Jakob von; Böber, Johann Jacob; Boeber, Johann Jacob; Boeber, Ivan Vasilevič; Boeber, Jean de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German teacher, real budget adviser, freemason, explorer, entomologist and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH December 22, 1746
PLACE OF BIRTH Weimar
DATE OF DEATH July 16, 1820
Place of death St. Petersburg