Friedrich Wilhelm Bauer

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Friedrich Wilhelm Bauer (also: Baur , Bawr , von Bauer ; born January 4, 1731 in Bieber ; † February 15, 1783 in St. Petersburg ) was a Prussian free hussar leader and Russian quartermaster general , lieutenant general , cartographer and builder .

Friedrich Wilhelm Bauer

Life

His father was the chief forester Johann Valentin Bauer (1699–1763), his mother Susanna Maria Michel, daughter of a trader from Hanau.

His mathematical talents were recognized in his youth and so he was promoted by the Hessian Landgrave Wilhelm VIII . He joined the army in 1755 as a fireworker and was sent to England with an auxiliary corps. When he came back to the continent after two years, he had been promoted to playjunker . He was part of the Allied army under Ferdinand von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel at the beginning of the Seven Years' War . The young farmer's qualities were soon noticed and he quickly became a captain , lieutenant colonel , quartermaster general and adjutant general to the general. The chronicler Jakob Mauvillon thinks that General Ferdinand von Braunschweig was only able to lead his army with the help of his confidants, Westphalen and Bauer.

As early as 1758, Bauer organized the army's pioneer corps. In addition, he received money to set up a free hussar corps (Freikorps VI.) In 1759 , which he initially led himself, but later handed over to the future General Friedrich Adolf Riedesel .

In 1761 he went into Prussian service . He was wounded during the siege of Ziegenhain and after his recovery he was back Adjutant General. After the war in 1763 he was released and lived for a while on his country estate near Bockenheim (where he got the money from, it is written for 150,000  thalers , was already unclear at the time). At that time he worked with Westphalen on the documentation of the campaigns ( history of the campaigns of Duke Ferdinand von Braunschweig-Lüneburg ). In 1769 he was brought to Russia by Catherine II , where the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) was raging , and so Bauer was appointed Russian major general and quartermaster general. He was initially assigned to the army of Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumjanzew-Sadunaiski (Romanzoff), who made him the leader of the avant-garde . One of his first actions was to create the first usable map material for the Vltava region in 1769.

On August 1, 1770, he fought in the Battle of Cahul , which ended in a decisive Russian victory. It was for the St. Anna Order and the St. George medal awarded. In the winter he worked on improving the salt pans of Novgorod . In 1771 he returned to the army. In 1772 he was appointed quartermaster general en chef , received supreme command of the pioneer corps established under his supervision and was also appointed general director of the saltworks in the Russian Empire. In 1773 he became lieutenant general and engineer general. After the end of the war he occupied himself with civil buildings. So he improved water pipes and structures in Moscow and built ports, canals and roads. On October 16, 1777, Bauer became a knight of the Alexander Nevsky Order . In 1782 he founded the "Hydraulic Corps" for hydraulic engineering.

Shortly before his death he was given the direction of the German theater in St. Petersburg, where August von Kotzebue was his secretary.

family

The family of Friedrich Wilhelm von Bauer in front of his grave monument , silhouette , attributed to Johann Friedrich Anthing

Bauer was married to a von Bohm. She was the widow of a Colonel von Bohm. After her death in 1778 he married another Frau von Böhme, who was the Empress's lady-in-waiting. She survived him. His son Karl Friedrich Bauer (1762-1812) was a Russian lieutenant general. He also had two daughters.

plant

His work "Mémoires historiques et geographiques et militaires sur la Valaquie", published in 1778.

The (stone) ports of St. Petersburg, Kronstadt and Riga were built according to his plans . In St. Petersburg the shipyards, the city fortifications, the Bolshoy Theater, the Katerina Canal (today: Gribojedow Canal ) were fortified and the sewage system was built. In addition, the bank fortifications of the Fontanka and the Taitsky aqueduct that supplied Tsarskoe Selo . There are also numerous fortresses throughout the empire.

report

The author Heinrich Christoph von Reimers reports in the book St. Petersburg at the end of his first century in 1805 : with retrospectives on the origin and growth of this residence under the different governments during this period of different building projects of Herr Bauer:

  • P. 293 Digitized construction of roads to the tsar's palaces by farmers
  • P. 303 Digitized construction of the sewage system
  • P. 317 Digital copy of the construction of the Fontanka bank reinforcement
  • P. 321 Digital copy of the construction of the shipyard facilities
  • P. 340 Digitized construction of the theater

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marin Popescu-Spineni: Romania in its geographical and cartographic sources: from ancient times to the threshold of our century. P. 304.
  2. ^ Carte de la Moldavie: pour servir a l'histoire militaire de la guerre entreles Russes etles Turcs (Amsterdam, 1781)
  3. ↑ Carte de la Moldavie online . Retrieved July 27, 2014.
personal data
SURNAME Bauer, Friedrich Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bauer, Friedrich Wilhelm von; Baur, Friedrich Wilhelm; Bawr, Fedor Vilimovich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian Freihusarenführer, Russian Quartermaster General and Lieutenant General as well as cartographer
DATE OF BIRTH January 4, 1731
PLACE OF BIRTH Beaver
DATE OF DEATH February 15, 1783
Place of death St. Petersburg