Johanna von Isser Großrubatscher

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Kastelbell in a view by Johanna von Isser Großrubatscher around 1830

Johanna von Isser Großrubatscher (born December 27, 1802 in Neustift near Brixen , † May 25, 1880 in Innsbruck ; also Johanna Isser von Gaudententhurn , maiden name: Johanna Maximiliana Großrubatscher ) was an Austrian draftsman and writer.

biography

The Castle of Castellano ( Trentino ) 1836

She was the daughter of Caspar Großrubatscher, a Ladin nurse . She grew up in Meran and learned from the painters J. Kapeller and Makart, an uncle of the later Viennese painter Hans Makart . In 1828 she married Johann Isser von Gaudententhurn , who worked as a district judge in various places in Tyrol ( Riva , Lavis 1830, Steniko , Pergine and, most recently, Cavalese 1835-1850 ). Johanna was the mother of seven children. After the death of her husband, she lived in Salzburg, then in Innsbruck.

Already at the age of 21 Johanna Großrubatscher had made a name for herself as a gifted and patriotic artist with detailed castles from the Burgraviato and Vinschgau . The newly founded association of the patriotic museum (Ferdinandeum) commissioned them in 1823 with the faithful signing of the portals of Tyrol Castle and Zenoburg . Joseph von Hormayr chose the portals of the Tyrolean ancestral palace as the “sanctuary of the country” during the wars of freedom . The drawings were intended to secure important monuments of the Middle Ages for later analysis by archaeologists . In the decades that followed, Johanna, who was now married, expanded her drawing to include the castles in the whole of what was then Tyrol, from the Inn Valley to the Lake Garda area and to neighboring areas such as Liechtenstein, Vorarlberg and Baden-Württemberg.

Most of these sheets later found their way into the collections of the Austrian National Library in Vienna and the Tyrolean State Museum (Ferdinandeum) in Innsbruck. They are still considered an important source for local castle research today. In addition to their attention to detail, the views of the castles also have folkloric value, since the draftsman often included small genre scenes, mostly working people, in the depictions to enliven the area as well as to characterize the area. Above all, they depict mood images shaped by the romantic zeitgeist, carried by a feeling for nature and a longing return to the Middle Ages.

The approximately 400 views of castles and palaces in Tyrol were later used by the English landscape painter Thomas Allom (1804–1872) as templates for his paintings and, above all, steel engravings. The steel engravings were published in series in London and made “Johanna von Isser Großrubatscher” known internationally. The historical and topographical explanations were made by Joseph Freiherr von Hormayr (1782–1848).

In addition to Thomas Allom, other English artists such as Samuel Lacey, T. Barbor, William Taylor and Henry Winkles used Johanna Großrubatscher's meticulous drawings as models . Others like J. Lacey, Albert Henry Payne (1812–1902), Robert Sands and T. Outhwarte partly took the second works made by Thomas Allom as a model.

The versatile woman also wrote an opera text with Belladonna . Ignaz Vincenz Zingerle processed some parts of her life in his novella "Johanna".

Works

The Ortler in a drawing by Großrubatscher
  • approx. 400 very precisely drawn pictures of castles (steel engravings by Thomas Allom modified at the request of the publisher)
  • Views of Tyrol , text: Josef von Hormayr (text modified by the publisher), London 1835
  • One life , narrative
  • Bella Donna , opera lyrics
  • The women of Sonnenburg , historical novel
  • Thomas Allom: Views in the Tyrol . Drawings by T. Allom, after Original Sketches by Joanna V. Isser geb. Grossrubatscher, with letterpress descriptions by a companion of Hofer [i. e. Josef Freiherr von Hormayr]. London 1836. English.
  • Tombleson's views of Tyrol , based on T. Allom's drawings, and Johanna v. Isser born Grossrubatscher's sketches. London around 1835, German.

Special exhibitions

  • The castle draftsman of Tyrol. Johanna von Isser Großrubatscher (1802–1880) , Tyrol Castle , July 2 to November 30, 2010.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johanna von Isser Großrubatscher  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Until the end of the Austrian monarchy in 1918, nurses had the function of district judge (combination of district administrator and district judge)
  2. ↑ a b see literature Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon: Isser-Gaudententhurn Johanna 1802-1880
  3. ↑ see web link Tiroler Landesmuseen: The castle draftsman Johanna von Isser-Großrubatscher (1802-1880) in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
  4. ↑ Article in English and other Wikipedias
  5. ↑ see web link Antique Prints of Alto-Adige-Suedtirol
  6. ↑ see literature Hyacinth Holland: Isser, Johanna von in the general German biography
personal data
SURNAME Isser Großrubatscher, Johanna von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Isser von Gaudententhurn, Johanna; Grand Rubatscher, Johanna
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Tyrolean draftsman and writer
DATE OF BIRTH December 27, 1802
PLACE OF BIRTH Neustift near Brixen
DATE OF DEATH May 25, 1880
Place of death innsbruck