Judas wage

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Judaslohn called the reward according to the three synoptic Gospels Judas Iscariot , a disciple of Jesus of Nazareth , why was he his arrest in Jerusalem allowed.

Meanings

The word can have two meanings: On the one hand, it can mean a terrible death, because after Jesus' crucifixion Judas committed suicide by hanging ( Mt 27.5  EU ) or died in an accident in which "his entrails spilled out" ( Acts 1 , 18  EU ). This meaning is the oldest that can be proven in the German-speaking area. In a written around 1250 Lanzelotroman a traitor is wants "the wages of Judas".

On the other hand, Judas wages means the money that Judas received for his betrayal. According to Mt 26.15  EU, he asked for and received 30 pieces of silver from the high priests , which presumably meant Tyrian shekels . The equivalent today is between the value of a donkey and 10,000 euros. Generally, however, the sum is estimated to be of little value in order to make his act appear all the more incomprehensible.

According to Mt 27 : 3-8 EU , Judas repentedly  returned the money to them and they bought the blood field , a former pottery field, which they wanted to use as a cemetery for strangers. According to Acts 1,18–19  EU , however, it was Judas himself who acquired the property. In this meaning, as “reward for betrayal”, the word can be proven for the first time in early modern sermons .

reception

Rembrandt van Rijn : Judas brings back the 30 pieces of silver , 1629

In the second meaning, the Judas wage was soon associated with Jews and charged with anti-Judaism . In iconography, Judas is traditionally represented with a purse, in passion prayers the 30 pieces of silver are counted among the instruments of suffering , the Jews appear here as the executors of the crucifixion. The Jews of the Papal States was in the Late Middle Ages demanded a special tax, which was under explicit reference to the Judaslohn a certain sum + 30th

Rembrandt van Rijn painted the picture Judas brings back the 30 pieces of silver in 1629 . There are other depictions of the same subject by Mattia Preti (around 1640), Simó Gómez (1874) and James Tissot (around 1890).

Friedrich Schiller used the metaphor in Wallenstein's death in 1799 when he had Colonel Wrangel exclaim that one would not be tempted to withdraw to Sweden by offers of money : “No! we have / for Judas' wages, for ringing gold and silver, / the king in the valley , / noble blood of so many Swedes, / gold and silver did not flow! "

In the 19th century the term was used as anti-Semitic instrument in the Dreyfus affair . On December 2, 1894, a Catholic magazine in Rodez in the south of France railed against Alfred Dreyfus , "the son of Judas [...], this traitor who sold his land for thirty pieces of silver".

In the first issue of Stürmers in April 1923, Julius Streicher wrote about an alleged intrigue of the Jews against him: "The veins from which day thieves and criminals hoped to drink their Judas wages should be opened over my political 'corpse'."

In his address to the “peoples of the world” on September 9, 1948, Berlin mayor Ernst Reuter insulted the SED in front of around 300,000 people as “pathetic miseries who want to sell themselves and their people to a foreign power for thirty pieces of silver ”. In 1951 Bertolt Brecht composed the Herrnburg report , which was to be set to music as a choral work by Paul Dessau : " Adenauer , Adenauer show your hand, you are selling our land for 30 pieces of silver."

Marius Müller-Westernhagen released the song Judaslohn in 1994 . In 2005 the writer Andree Hesse published the thriller "Der Judaslohn".

The AfD politician Stephan Brandner described the award of the Federal Cross of Merit to Udo Lindenberg as "Judas wages" in 2019 . Among other things, this led to anti-Semitism accusations and his deselection from office as chairman of the legal committee of the German Bundestag by all other parliamentary groups in the Bundestag.

The annual silver leaf is popularly called Judas silverling .

Web links

Wiktionary: Judaslohn  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

literature

  • Edgar Harvolk: Judas wages and Judas kiss . A contribution to medieval legends . In: Bayerisches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde (1985), pp. 86–95.
  • David Hook: The Legend of the Thirty Pieces of Silver . In: Ian McPherson and Ralph Penny (Eds.): The Medieval Mind: Hispanic Studies in Honor of Alan Deyermond . Tamesis, London 1997, ISBN 978-1-85566-051-9 , pp. 205-222.
  • Rainer Kampling : Judas wages. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus . Hostility to Jews in the past and present . Volume 3: Concepts, ideologies, theories. De Gruyter Saur, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-24074-4 , pp. 144 f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Rainer Kampling : Judas wages. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus . Hostility to Jews in the past and present . Volume 3: Concepts, ideologies, theories. De Gruyter Saur, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-24074-4 , p. 144 (accessed via De Gruyter Online)
  2. ↑ Ulli Kulke: What you could buy from Judas wages today . welt.de , April 1, 2010; accessed on November 9, 2019.
  3. ↑ Martin Meiser: Judas Iscariot . bibelwissenschaft.de, 2010; accessed on November 9, 2019.
  4. ^ Friedrich Schiller: Wallenstein's death , first act, fifth scene on Zeno.org ; accessed on November 8, 2019.
  5. ↑ Pierre Pierrard: Les Chrétien et l'affaire Dreyfus . Editions de l'Atelier, Paris 1998, p. 21.
  6. ^ Daniel Roos: Julius Streicher and "Der Stürmer" 1923-1945. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-77267-1 , p. 25.
  7. ↑ Julius Streicher: The Nazi Gauleiter of Franconia died in agony on the gallows . In: The press . February 14, 2015.
  8. ^ Wording of the speech on berlin.de; accessed on November 9, 2019.
  9. ↑ Herrnburg report. A choral work by Bertolt Brecht and Paul Dessau . In: Die Zeit , No. 47/1953.
  10. ↑ Desert abuse or anti-Semitic incident? In: Jüdische Allgemeine. Retrieved November 10, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Last stage of the escalation: the legal committee elects AfD man Stephan Brandner . tagesspiegel.de , November 13, 2019.
  12. ↑ Georg Büchmann : Winged words. The classic treasure trove of quotes . Edit v. Winfried Hofmann. Ullstein, Berlin 1993, p. 45.