Single-flowered bulrush
Single-flowered bulrush | ||||||||||||
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Single flowered rush ( Juncus monanthos ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Juncus monanthos | ||||||||||||
Jacq. |
The single-flowered rush ( Juncus monanthos , syn .: Oreojuncus monanthos (Jacq.) Záv.Drábk. & Kirschner ), also known as single-flowered cornices or single- flowered cornices in Austria and Switzerland , belongs to the rush family (Juncaceae). It is a pronounced cold indicator and occurs mainly in the higher regions of the mountains on rocks and in crevices.
Systematics
According to K. Kiffe (2000), two subspecies are distinguished in Germany, the common three-leaf rush ( Juncus trifidus L. subsp. Trifidus ) and the little-flowered three-leaf rush ( Juncus trifidus subsp. Monanthos (Jacq.) Asch. & Graebn. ). According to J. Kirschner et al. (2002) are both independent species, Juncus trifidus L. and Juncus monanthos Jacq. The species are separated in both the Swiss and Austrian flora . According to J. Kirschner (2013), both species are even placed in a special genus: Oreojuncus monanthos (Jacq.) Záv.Drábk. & Kirschner and Oreojuncus trifidus (L.) Záv.Drábk. & Kirschner .
Distribution and location
The single-flowered bulrush is common throughout Europe. In the south it occurs only in the mountains between 1600 and 2000 meters above sea level . It grows on rocks and in dry, stony and poor lawns ( dwarf shrub heaths and grass lawns ). It thrives particularly in the Seslerio-Caricetum sempervirentis from the Seslerion association, but also occurs in companies of the Elynion association. In the Allgäu Alps in Vorarlberg on Pellingers Köpfle near the Hohen Ifen , it rises up to 2000 meters above sea level.
description
The single-flowered rush is a perennial , evergreen hemicryptophyte that forms small gray-green clumps or lawns that are 10 to 30 (-40) centimeters high . The stems grow upright. They are thread-thin about 0.5 to 0.8 millimeters thick, hardly grooved and only slightly hairy, round and equipped with non-veined leaf sheaths at the base. The basal sheaths are yellow-brown to brown and very shiny. Only the topmost have a leaf up to 15 centimeters long. The leaves are also very thin and bristle-shaped. At the mouth of the leaf sheaths, ears 2 to 4 millimeters long, almost slit to the bottom, are formed. There are no ligules.
The inflorescence is a one to rarely two-flowered spirre . It is clearly surmounted by two to three bracts . The red-brown tepals are 3 to 5 millimeters long. They have a green central nerve and are slender and long, pointed. They surround six stamens and three white recurved stigmas . The capsule fruit is red-brown and has a long tip. It is always shorter than the flower envelope.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
ecology
The flowers are pollinated by the wind ( anemophilia ). As a light plant, the single-flowered rush does not tolerate shade. It is a cold pointer. In the mountains it occurs only in subalpine to alpine altitudes. Their ecological focus is on dry to fresh, low-nitrogen to low-nitrogen, calcareous soils in alpine lawns, crevices and rubble.
Sources and further information
Single sources
- ↑ K. Kiffe: Juncaceae. In: Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- ↑ Kirschner, J. et al. (2002). Juncaceae. Species Plantarum: Flora of the World 6-8: 1-237, 1-336, 1-192. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Royal Botanic Gardens KEW
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Juncus monanthos. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 12, 2016.
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 148 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 297.
- ↑ mobot.mobot.org Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (IPCN)
- ^ Heinz Ellenberg , H. E. Weber, R. Düll, V. Wirth, W. Werner, D. Paulißen: Pointer values of plants in Central Europe. Scripta Geobotanica 18, Verlag Erich Goltze, 1992. ISBN 3-88452-518-2 .
literature
- U. Graf: Sour grasses. Temporary key for the determination of non-flowering sedges, rushes and other sedges in Switzerland (Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Juncaginaceen, Scheuchzeriaceen) : Juncus monanthos wsl.ch .
- J. Grau, BP Kremer, BM Möseler, G. Rambold & D. Triebel: Grasses. Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10702-9 .
Web links
- Single-flowered bulrush. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Juncus monanthos Jacq., Map for distribution in Switzerland In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )