Single-flowered bulrush

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Single-flowered bulrush
Single flowered rush (Juncus monanthos)

Single flowered rush ( Juncus monanthos )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Rush Family (Juncaceae)
Genre : Rushes ( Juncus )
Type : Single-flowered bulrush
Scientific name
Juncus monanthos
Jacq.

The single-flowered rush ( Juncus monanthos , syn .: Oreojuncus monanthos (Jacq.) Záv.Drábk. & Kirschner ), also known as single-flowered cornices or single- flowered cornices in Austria and Switzerland , belongs to the rush family (Juncaceae). It is a pronounced cold indicator and occurs mainly in the higher regions of the mountains on rocks and in crevices.

The leaf sheaths have deeply slit ears.
Juncus monanthos, close-up of the flowers
fruit

Systematics

According to K. Kiffe (2000), two subspecies are distinguished in Germany, the common three-leaf rush ( Juncus trifidus L. subsp. Trifidus ) and the little-flowered three-leaf rush ( Juncus trifidus subsp. Monanthos (Jacq.) Asch. & Graebn. ). According to J. Kirschner et al. (2002) are both independent species, Juncus trifidus L. and Juncus monanthos Jacq. The species are separated in both the Swiss and Austrian flora . According to J. Kirschner (2013), both species are even placed in a special genus: Oreojuncus monanthos (Jacq.) Záv.Drábk. & Kirschner and Oreojuncus trifidus (L.) Záv.Drábk. & Kirschner .

Distribution and location

The single-flowered bulrush is common throughout Europe. In the south it occurs only in the mountains between 1600 and 2000 meters above sea ​​level . It grows on rocks and in dry, stony and poor lawns ( dwarf shrub heaths and grass lawns ). It thrives particularly in the Seslerio-Caricetum sempervirentis from the Seslerion association, but also occurs in companies of the Elynion association. In the Allgäu Alps in Vorarlberg on Pellingers Köpfle near the Hohen Ifen , it rises up to 2000 meters above sea level.

description

The single-flowered rush is a perennial , evergreen hemicryptophyte that forms small gray-green clumps or lawns that are 10 to 30 (-40) centimeters high . The stems grow upright. They are thread-thin about 0.5 to 0.8 millimeters thick, hardly grooved and only slightly hairy, round and equipped with non-veined leaf sheaths at the base. The basal sheaths are yellow-brown to brown and very shiny. Only the topmost have a leaf up to 15 centimeters long. The leaves are also very thin and bristle-shaped. At the mouth of the leaf sheaths, ears 2 to 4 millimeters long, almost slit to the bottom, are formed. There are no ligules.

The inflorescence is a one to rarely two-flowered spirre . It is clearly surmounted by two to three bracts . The red-brown tepals are 3 to 5 millimeters long. They have a green central nerve and are slender and long, pointed. They surround six stamens and three white recurved stigmas . The capsule fruit is red-brown and has a long tip. It is always shorter than the flower envelope.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

ecology

The flowers are pollinated by the wind ( anemophilia ). As a light plant, the single-flowered rush does not tolerate shade. It is a cold pointer. In the mountains it occurs only in subalpine to alpine altitudes. Their ecological focus is on dry to fresh, low-nitrogen to low-nitrogen, calcareous soils in alpine lawns, crevices and rubble.

Sources and further information

Single sources

  1. ↑ K. Kiffe: Juncaceae. In: Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  2. ↑ Kirschner, J. et al. (2002). Juncaceae. Species Plantarum: Flora of the World 6-8: 1-237, 1-336, 1-192. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Royal Botanic Gardens KEW
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Juncus monanthos. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  148 .
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 297.
  6. ↑ mobot.mobot.org Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (IPCN)
  7. ^ Heinz Ellenberg , H. E. Weber, R. Düll, V. Wirth, W. Werner, D. Paulißen: Pointer values ​​of plants in Central Europe. Scripta Geobotanica 18, Verlag Erich Goltze, 1992. ISBN 3-88452-518-2 .

literature

  • U. Graf: Sour grasses. Temporary key for the determination of non-flowering sedges, rushes and other sedges in Switzerland (Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Juncaginaceen, Scheuchzeriaceen) : Juncus monanthos wsl.ch .
  • J. Grau, BP Kremer, BM Möseler, G. Rambold & D. Triebel: Grasses. Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10702-9 .

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