Juruti

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Geography and hydrology; early history with Mundurukus, Muirapinimas, Jesuits, Capuchins; Settlement and becoming a town; Local politics; Infrastructure (transport, education); Economy: discovery of bauxite deposits, extractivism; Culture with Festival Folclórico de Juruti - FESTRIBAL

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Município de Juruti Juruti
Ferry boat mooring in Juruti
Juruti
Coordinates	2 ° 9 ′  S , 56 ° 6 ′  W Coordinates: 2 ° 9 ′  S , 56 ° 6 ′  W
Location of the municipality in the state of Pará
Symbols
coat of arms flag
founding	October 31, 1935 (city rights) (age 84)
Basic data
Country	Brazil
State	Pará
height	36 m
Waters	Amazon
climate	tropical, Am
surface	8,305.5 km²
Residents	47,086 (2010)
density	5.7  Ew. / km²
estimate	57,943 (July 1, 2019)
Parish code	IBGE : 1503903
Post Code	68170-000
Telephone code	(+55)  93
Time zone	UTC −3
Website	www.juruti.pa.gov.br (Brazilian Portuguese)
politics
City Prefect	Manoel Henrique Gomes Costa (2017–2020)
Political party	PT
Culture
Patron saint	Nossa Senhora da Saúde
economy
GDP	1,045,817 thousand R $ 18,568  R $ per person  (2017)
HDI	0.592 (low) (2010)

Juruti , officially Portuguese Município de Juruti , pronunciation ['d͡ʒuru'tʃi] , is a municipality in the west of the Brazilian state of Pará . It lies on the Amazon River , which forms the border with the neighboring state of the same name . Juruti has an inland port, the Porto do Juruti, mainly for the transport of the bauxite mined in the municipality . According to an estimate of July 1, 2019, the city has 57,943 inhabitants, who are called Juturienses ( juturienses ) and live on a community area of ​​around 8305 km².

geography

Surrounding communities are Óbidos and Oriximiná in the north, Santarém in the east, Aveiro in the south and Terra Santa in the west . The distance to the capital Belém is 848 km.

The biome is that of the Amazon .

climate

The community has a tropical climate, Am according to the Köppen and Geiger climate classification . The average temperature is 27.1 ° C. The average rainfall is 2264 mm per year.

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Juruti

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Temperature ( ° C )	26.7	26.5	26.5	26.6	26.6	26.6	27.2	27.7	28.1	28.2	27.7	27.2	O	27.1
Precipitation ( mm )	264	309	358	353	281	135	101	52	41	59	113	198	Σ	2264

Population development

year	Residents	city	country
1991	23,262	7,973	15,289
2000	31.198	10,780	20,418
2010	47,086	15,852	31,234
2019	57,943	?	?

Source: IBGE (2011)

Average income and standard of living

The monthly average income in 2017 was a factor of 3.2 of the Brazilian minimum wage ( Salário mínimo ) of R $ 880.00 (income converted around € 638 per month). The Human Development Index (HDI) is classified as low at 0.592 for 2010.

In 2017, 5,894 people or 10.5% of the population were registered as permanent employees; 48.5% of the population had an income of half the minimum wage in 2010. In June 2020, 5828 families received support through the Bolsa Família social program , an average of around R $ 211 per family.

HDI
year				Points
1991			0.313
2000			0.389
2010			0.592

The gross national product per capita was around R $ 18,568 in 2017, the community's gross national product in 2017 was R $ 1,045,817.34 thousand.

Ethnic composition

Ethnic groups according to the statistical classification of the IBGE (status 2000 with 31,198 inhabitants, status 2010 with 47,086 inhabitants):

group	Share 2000	Share 2010	annotation
Brancos	7,748	▼ 6.264	Whites, descendants of Europeans
Pardos	22,956	▲ 38,715	Mixed races, mulattos , mestizos
Pretus	184	▲ 1,285	black
Amarelos	0	▲ 742	Asians
Indigenous people	11	▲ 80	indigenous population
without specification	229	-

Source: SIDRA

economy

Bauxite occurrence

The Juruti area is home to one of the world's largest deposits of high quality bauxite with low impurities and approximately 49% aluminum. The size of the deposit is estimated at almost 700 million tons. Alcoa World Alumina and Chemicals (AWAC), a joint subsidiary of Alcoa and Alumina Limited , has been operating a bauxite mine there since 2009 . The ore is shipped to São Luís for smelting .

The open pit mining is at the expense of the local population who live there from fishing and agriculture. The center of the mining is the area around the lake of Juruti-Velho. The citizens' initiative Arcorjuve, founded there in 2004, with the support of the local Franciscan Sisters of Maria Stern, managed in 2009 that the original population was granted a collective land title. The WDR reported in detail on the situation on site. Sister Brunhilde Henneberger, who has been providing development aid in Juruti and Juruti-Velho for 40 years, was awarded the Citizens Medal on January 10, 2010 by her home community Randersacker for this commitment.

literature

• Otávio do Canto: Mineração na Amazônia. Assimetria, território e conflito socioambiental . NUMA / UFPA, Belém 2016, ISBN 978-85-88998-53-7 (Brazilian Portuguese, academia.edu ).
• Lílian Panachuk (ed.): Memórias da terra: análises cerâmicas e geoquímicas nos sítios Terra Preta 1 e Terra Preta 2. Estudos de Arqueologia na área de influência da Mineração em Juruti-Pará . São Paulo 2016, ISBN 978-85-61345-04-4 (Brazilian Portuguese, academia.edu ).
• Susanna Schäfer: Social effects of bauxite mining in the Brazilian rainforest in the state of Pará in Juruti . University of Kassel, Kassel 2007 ( uni-trier.de [PDF]).

Web links

Commons : Juruti  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• City Prefecture website , Prefeitura Municipal (Brazilian Portuguese)
• City Council website , Câmara Municipal (Brazilian Portuguese)
• Juruti - panorama. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. IBGE (Brazilian Portuguese, updated statistics). 

Subject bauxite:

• Website Alcoa on social and environmental impact of the bauxite mine of Juruti (English)
• Report from Publik Forum on the developments in Juruti-Velho
• Detailed report of the WDR about the struggle of the Arcorjuve for the rights of the original population at the lake of Juruti-Velho
• Report on the award of the citizen medal to Brunhilde Henneberger

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Juruti climate: average temperature, weather by month, Juruti weather averages - Climate-Data.org. In: de.climate-data.org. Retrieved June 24, 2020 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Juruti - Panorama. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. IBGE , accessed June 24, 2020 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
3. ↑ Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humao no Brasil: Juruti, PA . Retrieved June 24, 2020 (Brazilian Portuguese).
4. ↑ Juruti - Panorama - Trabalho e rendimento. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. IBGE , accessed June 24, 2020 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
5. ↑ Relatório do Bolsa Família e Cadastro Único: Juruti / PA , accessed on June 24, 2020 (database query with place names, Brazilian Portuguese).
6. ↑ Juruti - Produto Interno Bruto dos Municipios. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. IBGE , accessed June 24, 2020 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
7. ↑ IBGE : Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - SIDRA: Tabela 2093. Retrieved June 24, 2020 (Portuguese, database query, search terms Juruti (PA) and Cor ou raça). 
8. ↑ Alcoa Inc .: Alcoa unloads first bauxite shipment from Juruti in the Alumar refinery, in São Luís-MA. October 9, 2009, accessed January 3, 2010 .