Justingen (Schelklingen)

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Justingen
City of Schelklingen
The local coat of arms of Justingen
Coordinates: 48 ° 23 ′ 14 "  N , 9 ° 39 ′ 51"  E
Height : 750 m
Residents : 533  (December 31, 2017)
Incorporation : March 1, 1972
Postal code : 89601
Area code : 07384

Justingen is a district of the town of Schelklingen in the Alb-Donau district in Baden-Württemberg .

Geographical location

The village is on the plateau of the Swabian Alb at 750 m above sea level, 24 km west of Ulm between Schelklingen, Münsingen and Laichingen .

history

The Justingen rule in 1596 (excerpt from Gadner)

Justingen was first mentioned in a document in 1090. The place was created during the time of the Alemannic conquest of the 6th and 7th centuries, as the ending "-ingen" suggests. A distinction must be made between the village of Justingen, Justingen Castle and the Justingen rulership . In the Middle Ages, the village had its own local nobility, called von Justingen , who sat at Justingen Castle above the Schmiechtal and Hütten, closely related to the Lords of Steusslingen, Gundelfingen and Wildenstein .

Anselm (II.) Von Justingen , who traveled to Sicily on behalf of German princes in 1212 to convince the later Staufer emperor Friedrich II to come to Germany, was of supraregional importance . 1215 Anselm after Friedrich in Aachen for the king had been crowned, whose Hofmarschall appointed. He accompanied Friedrich to Rome in 1220 for his imperial coronation . In 1234 Anselm opposed his emperor, which ended in 1236 with the destruction of Justingen Castle and Anselm's flight to the Duchy of Austria .

In the middle of the 14th century, the male line of the von Justingen family died out and the Justingen rule was inherited by the von Stöffeln family. The other owners of the estate were the lords of Stotzingen from 1494 to 1497 , the lords of Bubenhofen from 1497 to 1530 and finally the barons of Freyberg from 1530 to 1751 , initially from the Angelberger line until they died out at the end of the Thirty Years War and then until 1751 from the Eisenberger line. In 1751 the von Freyberg family sold the rulership, village and palace of Justingen to Duke Carl Eugen von Württemberg due to a large debt burden . The acquisition of the rulership of Justingen brought Württemberg additional voting rights in the Swabian district council and in the Swabian Counts College of the Reichstag . At the same time, the newly acquired territory represented a bridge to the Lutheran Mountains , previously an exclave. The importance the Dukes of Württemberg attached to this acquisition of territory is shown by the fact that they included the Justingian thorn in the Württemberg coat of arms when they changed the coat of arms in 1789 .

In 1870/71, in the three towns of Justingen, Ingstetten and Hausen o. U., the Alb water supply was introduced as the first Alborten according to plans by Karl Ehmann . The practical implementation was in the hands of Hermann Ehmann.

In the course of the municipal reform in 1972, Justingen was incorporated into Schelklingen.

Religions

Justingen already had its own parish in the High Middle Ages. In addition to Justingen, Ingstetten and until 1846 Hütten also belonged to the parish of Justingen. Today the Catholics are in the Roman Catholic parish of St. Oswald Justingen, the Protestant residents in Ennabeuren .

Pastor of the parish Justingen
mentioned in a document

  • 1304 Rudolf, Lord of the Church of Justingen
  • 1335 Hans Pfaff, Lord of the Church of Justingen

Pastor of Justingen

  • 1477 Johannes Stöffler
  • before 1522 Johann Melchior von Bubenhofen , son of the ruler Hans Kaspar von Bubenhofen, later canon at the cathedral in Constance
  • 1522 NN Beck (Laichingen)
  • 1556 Hans Preg
  • 1573 Daniel Friedrich from Strasbourg, Schwenkfelder
  • 1584 Georg Oßwald (Sondernach)

Pan-field pastors from Justingen

  • 1589 Kaspar Lutz (Nördlingen)
  • 1601 Georg Windling (flags)
  • 1606 Isaak Ströhlin (flags)
  • 1609 Ezekiel Her (r) mann (Hörmann) from Wannweil near Reutlingen
  • 1619 Valentin Herbert (Eschheim in Saxony)

Catholic pastor of Justingen

  • 1653 Thomas Domer (Zwiefalten)
  • 1962 Valentin Dept.
  • 1664 Johann Sebastian Elsäßer
  • 1665 Joseph Walz
  • 1667 Peter Morass
  • 1679 Simon White
  • 1710 Alexander Scheible (Munderkingen)
  • 1734 Jakob Prinzinger (first time)
  • 1741 Ferdinand Anton Mang
  • 1746 Jakob Prinzinger (twice)
  • 1763 Pastor Wagner
  • 1764 Joseph Manz
  • 1775 Anton Arsen Reicharzer
  • 1777 Johann Kaspar Weitmann (Schwäbisch Gmünd)
  • 1780 Nikolaus Gebhard Hold (Constance)
  • 1795 Franz Xaver Christmann (Emerkingen)
  • 1801 Bruno Neeb (Würzburg)
  • 1820 Michael Gerard Wirsching (Grünsfeld)
  • 1825 Johann Chrisostomus Kratzer (Schwäbisch Gmünd)
  • 1847 Joseph Braisch (Ehingen a. D.)
  • 1853 Ignatz Brechenmacher (Ellwangen)
  • 1868 Johannes Blank (Riedlingen)
  • 1869 Johann Georg Mangold (Weiler)
  • 1880 Pastor Haas
  • 1882 Pastor Becker
  • 1883 Pastor Eckert
  • 1892 Parish Administrator Frey
  • 1893 Pastor Straub
  • 1903 Parish Administrator Angele
  • 1904 Josef Sorg (Mühlhausen)
  • 1918 Georg Restle (Markelsheim)
  • 1933 Pastor Wendelin Ersing (Berkheim)
  • 1939 Joseph Reutlinger (Erkenhofen)
  • 1940 Pastor Wilhelm Rist (Ravensburg)
  • 1948 Pastor Bernhard Heinzmann (Böhmenkirch)
  • 1966 Pastor Franz Schefold (Dettingen am Bussen)
  • 1975 Father Franz Zangerle (Heiligkreuztal)
  • 1988 Pastor Albert Roth

Incorporations

The municipality of Justingen was part of the Justingen Empire until 1751, which was acquired by Duke Carl Eugen von Württemberg in the same year . In 1807 the place became part of the regional authority of the Ehingen district, since 1809 it belonged to the regional authority of Münsingen and from 1938 to the district of Münsingen . Since the municipal reform in 1972 Justingen has been a sub-municipality of the town of Schelklingen in the Alb-Danube district .

Part of Justingen

Brick hut

The former brickworks of the Justingen rulership is located about two kilometers southwest of the village on the K 7330 county road to Hütten. The brick factory, connected to a lime kiln , certainly dates back to the Middle Ages and was abandoned around 1900. The Justingen brickworks is now an agricultural property.

Kleemeisterei

The former Kleemeisterei of the Justingen rulership, now called Schlosshof , is located around one kilometer northeast of the former Justingen Castle and a good two kilometers southwest of the village. The remote and lonely location of the house is explained by the function of a master clover : all the cattle that had fallen in the Justingen rulership and in Rottenacker had to be brought to him. In addition, the Kleemeister held the office of executioner for the Justingen domain. The blood spell was bestowed on the barons of Freyberg by the emperor. In 1808 the three-sided gallows stood on the Galgenberg near Ingstetten . The Kleemeisterei previously consisted of a single house with a barn and in 1831, including around three acres of field, was separated from the Justingen mark and assigned to the community of Hütten .

Schachenhof

The Schachenhof was a dairy property of the Justingen rule and was a manor property. It was about a kilometer north of the village, but was completely demolished in March and April 1928. The surrounding domains were cultivated from the Schachenhof. The single courtyard formerly consisted of several utility buildings (Städeln, stables), a residential building and a cistern. The sheepfold was a stable; the Justingen rulership formerly ran extensive sheep farming. In 1618, all hunting utensils of the Justingen rulership were kept in another building

The oldest land register of the Justingen rule from 1497 does not mention the Schachenhof; only the field name Schachen is used. The land register does not say whether the Schachenhof already existed in 1497 or not. According to Schilling, the court may not have been built until the 16th century; in any case, it is mentioned verbatim for the first time in 1580.

After the Justingen rulership was sold to Württemberg in 1751, the farm continued to be used for sheep breeding and agriculture on the Schachen fields and Schachenwiesen under the direction of the Schachenhof builder . In the 19th century, Württemberg sold parts of the fields and tried to sell the Schachenhof to private individuals as well. At times, the district forester was also housed at the Schachenhof.

Population development

In the late Middle Ages, Justingen, with almost 200 inhabitants, was significantly larger than the villages of Ingstetten and Gundershofen and had more than twice as many inhabitants as huts. On December 31, 2008 Justingen had 557 inhabitants.

Population development in the Justingen rule 1497–2002

politics

Schultheiße, mayor and mayor

Schultheißen until 1930, mayor from 1930 to 1975, mayor since 1975

Schultheiße

  • 1594 Veltin Mathis
  • 1615 Bastian Matheis
  • 1769 Franz Dreß
  • 1769 Johannes Gaus
  • 1777 Johannes Braun
  • 1786 Joseph Storr
  • 1796 Johannes Gaus
  • 1825 Andreas Unmuth
  • 1827 Benedikt Rothenbacher
  • 1830 Johannes Gaus
  • 1865–1873 Anton Fischer, then the town school of Schelklingen
  • 1873 Max Weinmann
  • 1912 Andreas Braun
  • 1913 Josef Ritzler
  • 1929 Franz-Josef Nägele

mayor

  • 1930 Franz-Josef Nägele
  • 1947 Gebhard Rommel
  • 1969 Lorenz Glökler

Mayor

  • 1975 Lorenz Glökler
  • 1977 Franz Nägele
  • 1989 Josef Oechsner
  • 2009 Fritz Nägele
  • 2014 Jürgen Stoll
  • 2019 Rainer Knoche

The mayor is appointed by the town of Schelklingen on the proposal of the local council. Rainer Knoche is currently mayor.

education

The place has a kindergarten and the Johannes Stöffler School (elementary school up to 4th grade).

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The state road 240 connects Justingen with Schelklingen (via Hausen oU) and Münsingen (via Ingstetten and Magolsheim). Justingen is connected to Hütten via the K 7330 district road.

Culinary specialties

Justingen formerly owned several restaurants. According to their age, these were: Gasthaus zum Schwarzen Adler with brewery (already existed in 1553), Gasthaus zur Krone (closed in 2004, demolished in 2012), Gasthaus zur Sonne , Gasthaus zum Rößle , Frohe Aussicht , which were all closed after 1970. Today there is still a pizzeria in town.

There has been a grocer's market in Justingen since 1751, which takes place every year on the first Monday in October.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Section of land map with local plan "Justingen" around 1820
  • Baroque St. Oswald Church , built in 1697 by the local lord Joseph Albrecht von Freyberg .
  • The Justingen town hall in Weiten Straße No. 15 was rebuilt in 1788 by the bricklayer and mayor Joseph Storr , as evidenced by an inscription on the lintel of the oak door frame. When installing a modern door, the inscription seems to have been removed. The large barn attached to the southern gable and the washing and baking house behind the house burned down in 1834, whereas the house was preserved. The municipality of Justingen, which according to the first description of the upper office from 1825 did not have its own town hall, bought the house that had been left standing after the fire and set up the town hall in it. This was also the fire station, because a shed for the fire engine, a fire bell on the roof and racks for the fire ladders on the north gable were set up on the ground floor.
  • Since October 2012 the twentieth Staufer stele has stood southwest of the St. Oswald Church, which still dates from the Staufer era . It is reminiscent of Anselm von Justingen , who 800 years ago, on behalf of the Staufer Party, brought the future Emperor Friedrich II, who was elected king by the German princes, from Sicily to Germany .
  • Former manorial fruit barn of the manorial office building removed in the 1950s in the former manor near the parish church and the Johannes Stöffler school, probably built around 1600.
  • Johannes-Stöffler-Schule , first rebuilt in 1785 on the site of the dilapidated and demolished tithe barn , rebuilt in 1935 and recently modernized.
  • Gasthaus zum Schwarzen Adler , rebuilt in 1553, burned down in 1838 and rebuilt using the stone outer walls, with the coats of arms of the two builders Georg Ludwig the Elder. von Freyberg and his wife Katharina von Laubenberg zu Wagegg above the former entrance.
  • Back house from 1808 and famous Justinger monument on the now filled in village shell.
  • Ruins of Justingen Castle above Hütten, ancestral seat of the Lords of Justingen.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Hermann (von) Ehmann (* Möckmühl June 10, 1844, † December 7, 1905), younger cousin of Karl Ehmann : honorary citizen of Hausen oU, Ingstetten and Justingen because of his services to the introduction of the Alb water supply

Sons and daughters of the church

  • Johannes Stöffler (* Blaubeuren or Justingen December 10, 1452, † Blaubeuren February 16, 1531): Pastor in Justingen, professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of Tübingen, German astronomer and mathematician
  • Johann Baptist Oßwald (* Justingen July 17, 1764, † Lisbon December 15, 1822): banker in Lisbon
  • Anton Fischer (* Justingen April 1, 1840, † Schelklingen November 4, 1906): Veterinarian and mayor of Justingen, later city school of Schelklingen, enforced the Alb water supply in Justingen against strong resistance
  • Matthias Gaus (* Justingen February 24, 1857, † Nasgenstadt 1924): studied Catholic theology as Konviktuale of the Wilhelmsstift in Tübingen from 1877 to 1881, from 1888 to 1893 Catholic pastor in Braunsbach , from 1892 to 1904 in Aschhausen and from 1904 to 1924 in Nasgenstadt
  • Max Gauß (* Justingen February 24, 1868; † Heilbronn February 5, 1931): Catholic priest and member of the state parliament

Other important personalities

  • Johannes Vergenhans , known as Johannes Nauclerus, and his brother Ludwig Vergenhans were not born in Justingen, as the description of the Münsingen Oberamt from 1825 (see the bibliography under location description "Justingen") was first claimed and later repeated many times. According to the Genealogia Naucleriana of M. Sebastian Ebinger, Nauclerus was the son of Hans Ferg, called Vergenhans, servant at the Württemberg court in Urach, and Anna von Dagersheim. His mother was, in turn, an illegitimate daughter of Agnes von Dagersheim, the lover of Count Eberhard IV of Württemberg, known as the Younger . The Vergenhanse were closely related to the Württemberg ducal house, which explains the rapid social advancement of the two brothers. Nauclerus was a friend and sponsor of Heinrich Bebel and Johannes Stöffler and it cannot be ruled out that he himself stayed in the Justingen rulership on a visit to win the two scholars for the young Tübingen University.

Web links

Commons : Justingen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Paul Gerhard Eberlein: Caspar von Schwenckfeld (1489–1561): reformer, refugee and writer in Upper Germany, Ulm, Öpfingen and Justingen. In: Wolfgang Schürle (Ed.): Building blocks for history. Volume 1: Treasures from four centuries. (= Alb and Danube. Art and Culture. Volume 30). Offizin Scheufele Druck und Medien, Stuttgart-Degerloch, pp. 7–30.
  • Catholic parish St. Oswald Justingen - St. Sebastian Justingen: 300th anniversary of the parish church St. Oswald Justingen in 1998 .. Junginger, Ehingen.
  • Königliches Statistisches Landesamt (Hrsg.): Description of the Oberamt Münsingen. 2. Processing. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1912, pp. 711-720.
  • Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): The Alb-Donau-Kreis. Volume 2, Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1999, ISBN 3-7995-1351-5 , pp. 888-895.
  • Johann Daniel Georg von Memminger: Description of the Upper Office Münsingen. Cotta, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1825, pp. 181–186. (Reprint: Verlag Horst Bissinger, Magstadt, ISBN 3-7644-0002-1 ). ( Full text on Google )
  • Franz Rothenbacher : The "Rothe Book" of the imperial rule of Justingen from 1618. Self-published, Mannheim 2008.
  • Albert Schilling: The imperial rule of Justingen: A contribution to the history of Alb and Upper Swabia. Self-published, Stuttgart 1881, esp. Pp. 129–142.
  • G. Tauscher: Schachenhof and Bewinde. In: Leaves of the Swabian Alb Association . Vol. 40, No. 7, 1928, Col. 205-208.
  • Manfred Waßner: A "beneficial acquisition" for Württemberg: Duke Carl Eugen and the purchase of the imperial rule of Justingen in 1751. In: Wolfgang Schürle (Ed.): Building blocks for history. Volume 1: Treasures from four centuries. (= Alb and Danube. Art and Culture. Volume 30). Offizin Scheufele Druck und Medien, Stuttgart-Degerloch, pp. 49–61.
  • Josef Weinberg: The Schultheiss von Justingen: A novel based on technical motifs. Arnholdt, Stuttgart 1937.

Individual evidence

  1. Heinz-Peter Mielke:  FRIEDRICH, Daniel. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 24, Bautz, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-247-9 , Sp. 460-461.
  2. For his work as a pastor in Wannweil ​​from 1601 to 1609 see Heinz Wolpert in Ezechiel Herrmann, Pastor in Wannweil ​​from 1601 to 1609. ( Memento from July 18, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) and Otto Schmoller: Conflict of a Wannweiler pastor with the Doctors of Medicine in 1608. [Ezekiel Hermann]. In: Reutlinger Geschichtsblätter. 4, 1893, pp. 73-74.
  3. Chart of Swabia 1808. Reproduction by the State Surveying Office Stuttgart
  4. G. Tauscher: Schachenhof and Bewinde. In: Leaves of the Swabian Alb Association. Vol. 40, No. 7, 1928, Col. 205-208.
  5. ^ Franz Rothenbacher: The Rothe Book of the Reichsherrschaft Justingen from the year 1618. Self-published, Mannheim 2008.
  6. Albert Schilling: The Reichsherrschaft Justingen: A contribution to the history of the Alb and Upper Swabia. Self-published, Stuttgart 1881, p. 141.
  7. See the building documentation in the building research / restoration database
  8. Peter Koblank: How a Staufer Stele is made. From the quarry to the inauguration in Justingen on October 7, 2012 . Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  9. ^ Brewery to Adler G. Schmid Justingen. ( Memento from May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  10. a b Landscape and People: Swabian Alb - tough Alb farmers. ( Memento of December 14, 2000 in the Internet Archive )
  11. Hansmartin Decker-Hauff et al., The University of Tübingen from 1477 to 1977 in pictures and documents. 500 years of the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. Contributions to the history of the University of Tübingen 1477-1977. Attempto Verlag, Tübingen 1977, family table p. 24f.