Kohlbrand

Kohlbrand
The Köhlbrand Bridge
Data
location	Germany, Hamburg
River system	Elbe
Beginning	Süderelbe-kilometer 621 (formerly the junction of the Alte Süderelbe ) transition from the Süderelbe 53 ° 30 '8 "  N , 9 ° 56" 34 "  E
The End	Confluence with the Norderelbe , Elbe kilometer 626 Coordinates: 53 ° 32 '23 "  N , 9 ° 55' 51"  E 53 ° 32 '23 "  N , 9 ° 55' 51"  E
View of the Köhlbrand 1911, painting by Lovis Corinth

The Köhlbrand is an estuary of the Süderelbe into the Norderelbe between the former Elbe islands Mühlenwerder and Rugenbergen on the west side and Kuhwerder, Ross and Neuhof on the east side. It is the main entrance to the Harburg ports and the Altenwerder container terminal .

The Köhlbrand is part of the Elbe federal waterway and is part of the so-called delegation route, i.e. administration and maintenance are carried out by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg on behalf of the federal government.

history

The Köhlbrand originated in the course of the 14th and 15th centuries when the Elbe island Gorieswerder was divided into several islands after severe storm surges . Charcoal was burned on its banks and sold to the boatmen from local charcoal burners (hence the name Köhlbrand ).

After the 3rd coal fire contract between Prussia and Hamburg in 1908, the Elbarm was straightened, relocated 600 meters to the west from today's coal ship port , deepened to 8.4 meters at that time and became the main drain of the Süderelbe. Since then it has been an average of about 300 meters wide fairway . The Köhlbrandhöft headland with the sewage treatment plant built in 1961 separates the old from the new passage.

With the expansion of the port to areas west of the Köhlbrand, the necessary connection between the port districts of Waltershof and Neuhof was established from 1912 by two ferry ferries. These were rail trajectories with vehicle transport, ferry I and ferry II , built at the shipyard in Szczecin. These were supplemented by two car ferries in 1956 and 1960, the JF Bubendey and the GL Wendemuth . From 1960, with the decline in port railway traffic in favor of truck traffic , the trajectories were used less often, in 1972 they were completely discontinued. In 1974 the important traffic connection between Steinwerder and Waltershof was taken over by the Köhlbrand Bridge . With a clear height of 53 meters, it spans the arm of the river and also allows large seagoing vessels to pass through. The car ferries have also been discontinued, since then pedestrians and cyclists have been able to use line 61 of the port ferries within the HVV (now rarely in service) . Rail traffic has been routed over the Kattwyk Bridge since 1973 .

Köhlbrand holiday colony

In the middle of the Hamburg harbor, on the bank of the Köhlbrand, lies a narrow headland, the Maakendamm. One half was a coal store, the other half was a holiday colony for Hamburg children. Before the Second World War, there was a children's recreational pool ( open-air school ) where the Elbe tunnel tubes protrude south of the Elbe from the water and the Burchardkai container terminal is located . On the sandy west bank of the Köhlbrand there was a river bathing establishment and a long bathing beach. The Arbeiterwohlfahrt was able to send 1,000 children there in the summer of 1922. In 1928, 28,000 Hamburg children between the ages of three and fourteen were on vacation there day after day for one to three weeks. An overnight stay was not possible. For most - 100,000 in the first seven years - it was the first vacation of their life. Up to 2,750 schoolchildren and 250 small children could be fed and medically looked after every day. The particular pride of children and helpers was the radio system that was built in 1931 by members of the Arbeiter-Radio-Bund Deutschland . School classes also came outside of the holiday season. The children learned by playing and seeing. The steamboat trip became the occasion for discussions about the port, trade and shipping. Sun, rain and nature provided illustrative material for nature and weather studies. Every summer the “Köhlbrand-Spiegel”, a self-reproduced magazine, was published by three young helpers. The "Köhlbrand-Spiegel" took a critical and satirical look at the work. In 1929 a "Köhlbrandlied" was published in the camp newspaper. As early as 1946, the facilities destroyed in the war were restored and operations at the Köhlbrand holiday colony resumed until the 1960s.

Port facilities at the Köhlbrand

There are only a few quays directly on the Köhlbrand. From there, the Rugenberg harbor is reached via a lock sluice below the western driveway of the Köhlbrand Bridge.

As the main access to the Altenwerder container terminal and the Hansaport for bulk carriers on the adjoining Süderelbe, the Köhlbrand is one of the main traffic connections in the Port of Hamburg .

It is connected to the Roßhafen by the Roßkanal .

See also

• History of the Port of Hamburg
• Chronology of hydraulic engineering on the Hamburg Lower Elbe
• Elbe deepening

Web links

Commons : Köhlbrand  - Collection of Images

• The Elbe from Geesthacht to the North Sea (pdf; 6.4 MB)
• Amateur video of the train and car ferries over the Köhlbrand

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Directory E, serial no. 9 der Chronik ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration 
2. ↑ RGBl. I 1937, page 727
3. ^ Image archive Hamburg, photo of the trail over the Köhlbrand
4. ↑ Car ferries in Germany from 1900
5. ↑ From the history of the Hamburg port railway
6. ^ Herbert Fuchs: Falkenliederbuch, Hamburg 2006, self-print, p. 60
7. ^ Forward - and not forgotten , Arbeitserkultur in Hamburg around 1930, pp. 108–110, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-88725-110-5 .
8. ^ Forward - and not forgotten , Arbeitserkultur in Hamburg around 1930, pp. 108–110, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-88725-110-5 .
9. ^ Herbert Fuchs: Falkenliederbuch, Hamburg 2006, self-print, p. 51
10. ↑ Hamburg Wiki - Köhlbrand ( Memento from April 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
11. ^ Arbeiterwohlfahrt Landesverband Hamburg eV, Karen Hagemann (ed.): We want to go to the Köhlbrand! History and present of the Hamburg workers welfare 1919-1985. VSA-Verlag, Hamburg 1985, ISBN 3-87975-324-5 .