Cologne class (NDL)
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| Launch : | July 24, 1899 - December 21, 1901 | |
| Commissioning: | May 5, 1897 - February 20, 1902 | |
| Builders: |
Tecklenborg shipyard, Geestemünde, building no. 168/9, 175, 177 Wigham Richardson & Co , Walker-on TyneBau, No. 355 Bremer Vulkan , Bremen, BauNr. 439, 445 |
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| Sister ships: |
Cologne (II) (1899), Frankfurt (II) (1899), Cassel (1901), Chemnitz (1901) Hanover (II) (1899) Breslau (1901), Brandenburg (1901) |
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| Passengers: | 112–122 2nd class 1855–1938 tween deck |
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| Crew: | 107–121 men | |
| Technical specifications | ||
| Measurement: | 7305-7532 GRT | |
| Load capacity: | 8600-9050 dwt | |
| Length over all: | 135.56-136.36 m | |
| Width: | 16.46-16.55 m | |
| Draft : | 7.52 m | |
| Machinery: | 2 triple (Tecklenborg) or quadruple expansion steam engines | |
| Number of screws: | 2 | |
| Power: | 3,400-3,600 PSi | |
| Top speed: | 12.5–13.5 kn | |
| Whereabouts | ||
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1923-1948 demolition |
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Between 1899 and 1902, Norddeutsche Lloyd had seven Cologne-class steamers built for use on the branch lines to North America. The ships had a small number of cabin spaces adapted to the needs of these lines and, if necessary, could also transport large numbers of tween deck passengers. Six of the steamers were built in the region, the order for the seventh ship ( Hanover ) went to Great Britain as one of Lloyd's last orders due to the heavy workload of the German shipyards .
The Köln (II) was the first ship to be delivered from the Tecklenborg shipyard in Geestemünde on October 18, 1899 . The Tecklenborg shipyard delivers four ships of the class, the Bremer Vulkan two and Wigham Richardson & Co , Walker-on-Tyne, delivered the Hannover (II) as the second ship of the class on November 25, 1899 . The ships were between 7,305 and 7,543 GRT, had a deadweight of 8,600 to 9,050 dwt and ran at 12.5 to 13.7 knots. They had 112 to 122 cabin seats in class II and between 1855 and 1938 tween deck seats.
Use at the NDL
On October 20, 1899, the Cologne sailed from Bremerhaven to Galveston (Texas) on her maiden voyage . Galveston was added to the route plan by Lloyd as a third destination in the USA in 1900, as the Bremen cotton trade was interested in it. On December 2nd, the Hanover's maiden voyage to Baltimore , where the Köln followed on December 21st. In March 1900, the Frankfurt (II) was taken into service as the third ship of the class on the route to Baltimore.
The Köln was sent as the first ship of the class on May 10, 1900 with the replacement transport for the cruiser squadron from Wilhelmshaven to East Asia, where it arrived in Tsingtau on June 16 . The following day, the Allied gunboats attacked the Taku forts . The massive deployment of the western powers from then on led the Cologne to remain in the war zone to carry out various transport tasks. Only on October 24th did the ship march back home with detached crews after the international expeditionary corps had landed and the ships' landing corps could return to their units and the routine crew exchange could be carried out. On December 10, 1900, the Cologne arrived back home after the longest deployment of a replacement transporter. In the meantime, the sister ship Frankfurt had already been transporting additional marine infantry to China together with the Wittekind from July 3rd because of the Boxer Rebellion , and the Hannover had followed her in the second season of the troop transport for the East Asian Expeditionary Corps on September 4th and was already on October 19th arrived in china.
Between the end of October 1901 and March 1902 the delivery of the four other sister ships took place, some of which called at Baltimore, Galveston and New York one after the other. On March 10, 1910, Philadelphia was added as a regular port of call in the USA, which was first called by Frankfurt . Lloyd offered 14-day departures that were continued to Baltimore and Galveston. The ships returned directly to Bremerhaven from the terminal ports. In addition, Baltimore was approached three times directly. On December 31, 1913, the Hanover opened a three-week line to Boston and New Orleans . In 1913, the NDL transported over 280,000 passengers to the USA, around 30% of whom used these branch lines.
The Frankfurt led from 22 January to 28 April 1905 one of the normal annual replacement transport for the Marines -Garnison in Qingdao by.
On September 19, 1908, this ship was the only one of the class to make her first of six voyages to South America.
On April 15, 1912, she was on the North Atlantic about 300 kilometers from the sinking site of the Titanic , whose distress signals she received. The Frankfurt set course in the direction of the position transmitted by the Titanic and reached it at 10:50 in the morning. Survivors could no longer be recovered. The third officer of the Frankfurt , Carl Herbert, recorded the experiences of that night in a report for the magazine Die Woche on May 4, 1912.
The Cassel was the only ship of the class on October 7, 1911 on the cargo line via Cape Town to Australia. In total, she made three round trips on this route.
The Cologne made her first of two trips to Quebec and Montreal on April 26, 1912. The Hanover was used on April 6, 1913 from Hamburg to Portland (Maine) and then to Quebec and Montreal on May 16, and then departed May 16, 1914 twice to Canada on the line operated in the summer since 1909, which the NDL served together with HAPAG , Holland America Line and Red Star Line .
On April 16, 1914, the Brandenburg opened a new passenger service from Emden to the USA.
When the war broke out, four ships were in Germany. The Hanover was last deployed to Canada on June 27th and back home, as was the Cassel , which was last deployed to New York, Philadelphia and Galveston on May 14th (?) And was last deployed on the same route on May 11th Chemnitz deployed in June . In addition, the Frankfurt used on the Boston - New Orleans line was in Bremerhaven. She was scheduled to be deployed to Canada in 1914, where the sister ship Hanover was also to be deployed again. The Willehad and her sister Wittekind were on this route when the war broke out.
Cologne , which ran out on July 29 , arrived in Boston on August 11 and was hung up there. Wroclaw , which leaked on July 8 via Emden to Boston and New York, was located in New Orleans and was confiscated by the USA in 1917 and renamed Bridgeport . Cologne , which was also confiscated in Boston , then became the USS Amphion .
Use during the war
Brandenburg , which left Bremerhaven on July 23, 1914 , reached its destination Philadelphia on August 5 and ran out again under Captain Max Dietrich with supplies for the auxiliary cruiser Kaiser Wilhelm the Great . After knowing of its loss, the ship called at Trondheim in September 1914 , where it remained for the duration of the war.
Frankfurt , Chemnitz , Cassel came into service with the Imperial Navy as hospital ships on August 11, 1914 and were returned to the NDL in early 1915. At the beginning of September 1917 these three ships and the Hanover were put back into service as transporters for the Oesel company . The Hannover was returned on December 1, 1917, the others remained in service until the end of 1918 / beginning of 1919. Between April 7 and August 25, 1919, the four aforementioned steamers and the Brandenburg, which came back to Germany from Norway, were delivered to Great Britain.
Post-war missions
The five steamers delivered were used by British shipping companies. The Brandenburg was acquired by the Holt shipping company and renamed Hecuba , but was already badly damaged in July 1922 at anchor in Istanbul when she was rammed by the Maid of Milos . Sold to Italy in 1924 and renamed Ada , it was scrapped at the end of 1924.
In 1923 the Frankfurt became the Sarvistan , which remained in service in India and East Asia and was sold to Japan for demolition at the end of 1931. The Chemnitz was scrapped at the end of 1923.
The Cassel was passed on to France in November 1921 and was launched as Maréchal Galliéni on May 1, 1922 for the Messageries Maritimes in Madagascar . The heavily worn ship was canceled in 1926.
Hanover again at the NDL
The Hannover was bought back by the NDL in 1921 and started sailing from Bremerhaven to New York on March 25, 1922 as its third seagoing vessel. From 1924, the passenger facilities were limited to up to 32 seats in the second class. From 1926 she stayed on the US route as a freighter and was taken out of service at the end of 1932 and sold for demolition.
Under the American flag
The type ship of the class confiscated in Boston, the Cologne , was used as an amphion for troop transports to Europe. In a battle with a German submarine, there were two deaths on board and significant property damage. From April 12 to September 27, 1919, she was then kept in service by the US Navy as the USS Amphion and made three trips to Europe and transported 6,410 US soldiers back. A buyer was not found for the ship and it was sold for demolition in early 1924.
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The Breslau , which was confiscated in New Orleans, had the longest life of any sister ship. In Bridgeport renamed, it was as a workshop ship prepared. After deployments on the US east coast and in the Azores, she moved to Brest in 1918 and was stationed there until autumn 1919. When she returned to the USA, she was reclassified as a destroyer escort ship on July 17, 1920 (AD-10). In November 1924, the Bridgeport was decommissioned and launched.
In September 1943 she came back into service as the US Army hospital ship Larkspur and was also used in the Mediterranean. Converted to a transport ship in 1946, she now brought back so-called war brides to the USA as Bridgeport . On April 16, 1947, the former Breslau was finally decommissioned and canceled in 1948.
literature
- Noel RP Bonsor: North Atlantic Seaway. An illustrated History of the Passenger Services linking the old World with the new. Volume 2. Brookside Publications, St Brelade 1978, ISBN 0-905824-01-6 .
- Arnold Kludas : The History of German Passenger Shipping. Volume 2: Expansion on all seas 1890 to 1900. Ernst Kabel Verlag, Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-8225-0038-0 ( writings of the German Maritime Museum 19).
- Arnold Kludas : The History of German Passenger Shipping. Volume 3: Rapid growth 1900 to 1914. Ernst Kabel Verlag, Hamburg 1988, ISBN 3-8225-0039-9 ( writings of the German Maritime Museum 20).
- Arnold Kludas : The ships of the North German Lloyd. Volume 1: 1857 to 1919. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1991, ISBN 3-7822-0524-3 .
- Claus Rothe: German ocean passenger ships. 1896 to 1918 . Steiger Verlag, Moers 1986, ISBN 3-921564-80-8 .
Web links
- History of the Cologne class (NDL) in the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (English)
- history.navy.mil: USS Amphion photos
- Photos of USAHS Larkspur and USAT Bridgeport at the Naval History & Heritage Command website
- German replacement transports to East Asia
Individual evidence
- ↑ Colored postcard from Cassel ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ NDL annual report 1899
- ↑ Museum for Communication Frankfurt: Exhibition texts from the exhibition 100 Years - The Last Telegrams of the Titanic (pdf; 137 kB) ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Susanne Störmer - Lights in the night - the Titanic and the ghost ship (2)
- ↑ Captain Max Dietrich (born November 27, 1870 Angermünde; † November 27, 1916 Hartlepool as commander of the naval airship L 34 / LZ 78) led the four-masted barque Duchess Cecilie on June 25, 1902 on her maiden voyage around Cape Horn to Oregon . With Mainz , under his command , an expedition to Spitzbergen was undertaken in the summer of 1910 to investigate a possible pole flight of a zeppelin . Participants of the trip were u. a. Prince Heinrich of Prussia , Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin and the polar explorer Erich von Drygalski , the professors Hugo Hergesell and Adolf Miethe . Among other things, the Wellmann hangar in Danskøya was inspected . On site, the participants of the trip came to the opinion that the pole could not be reached with a zeppelin.
- ↑ Postcard from the Maréchal Galliéni ( Memento of the original of November 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Postcard from the Maréchal Galliéni ( Memento of the original of November 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ English Wikipedia article with a comprehensive description of all missions
