Kalterbach (Amper)

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Kalterbach
Crossing with the Würm Canal

Crossing with the Würm Canal

Data
Water code DE : 164714
location Upper Bavaria , Germany
River system Danube
Drain over Amper  → Isar  → Danube  → Black Sea
origin as Würmhölzlgraben from the Feldmochinger See
48 ° 12 ′ 56 ″  N , 11 ° 30 ′ 51 ″  E
Source height 490  m
muzzle at Ampermoching in the Amper coordinates: 48 ° 18 ′ 7 ″  N , 11 ° 30 ′ 12 ″  E 48 ° 18 ′ 7 ″  N , 11 ° 30 ′ 12 ″  E
Mouth height 465  m
Height difference 25 m
Bottom slope 2.3 ‰
length 11 km
Big cities Munich
Medium-sized cities Dachau
Communities Oberschleißheim , Hebertshausen

The Kalterbach is a right tributary of the Amper in Upper Bavaria .

course

The Kalterbach is the outflow from the Feldmochinger See on the southern border of the Dachauer Moos , in which the groundwater of the gravel layer of the Munich gravel plain that is becoming flatter there collects. It flows north through Feldmoching , at the northern edge of which it meets the Würm Canal , which it crosses under a tunnel. Excess water from the Würm Canal is absorbed by the Kalterbach. The section between the Feldmochinger See and the Würm Canal is also known as the Würmhölzlgraben.

The Kalterbach now flows through the Schwarzhölzl and crosses the Dachau-Schleissheim Canal . Behind the Obergrashof the Saubach flows into the Kalterbach. Shortly before its confluence with the Amper near Ampermoching , the cold mill near Hebertshausen used the water power of the Kalterbach.

history

By opening up the Upper Bavarian castle system through canals, the course of the Kalterbach was crossed by the Würm Canal ( 1601 or 1687) and the Dachau-Schleißheim Canal (1691-92). A reconstructed water crossing at the Schwebelbach shows the condition of the crossings of the Kalterbach at that time, at which a water mixing took place.

As a result of the peat digging in the Dachau Moos , which began around 1800, the groundwater level and thus the depth of the Kalterbach fell over the next 200 years. Around 1920 a comprehensive system of ditches was created in the Dachau Moos. As a starting signal, the Kalterbach was deepened and straightened by French and Russian prisoners of war from 1915 to 1917 at the instigation of the Obergrashof, which was owned by the Münchner Löwenbräu, and the French trench that flows into the Kalterbach was created. This happened even though the neighboring Schwarzhölzl was placed under nature protection for the first time in 1913 and the groundwater level was lowered enormously. The artist Ludwig Dill wrote to his friend Adolf Hölzel on September 16, 1915 about the destruction of the landscape !! The Russians and French regulate the cold, sow and Groebebach! A misery, a shame !! Everything will work out !!

The source of the Kalterbach was dredged in the thirties to remove gravel and the Feldmochinger See was created . The lake is now a recreational area and the Kalterbach flowing out has been made closer to nature up to the border of the city of Munich . The lowering of the groundwater level due to the construction of the Oberschleißheim regatta course made the Kalterbach two thirds narrower because the remaining water seeps away. Barrages now help the stream to its original width, but the amount of water is drastically reduced. In the area of ​​the district of Dachau , the Dachauer Moos Verein, an association of the residents of the Dachau Moos, carried out minor water maintenance measures.

supporting documents

  1. ↑ State Capital Munich Department for Health and Environment (ed.): Münchner Umweltkalender 1999, January sheet.
  2. ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: waterway crossing )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.verein-dachauer-moos.de
  3. ^ State capital Munich Department for Health and Environment (ed.): Münchner Umweltkalender 1999, January and April papers.
  4. ↑ Günther Knoll: Bald pines and tough athletes. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung from 26./27. February 2011. District of Dachau, R4.
  5. ^ Josef Koller: Beloved Schwarzhölzl. Fate of a landscape in the north-west of Munich. Karlsfeld 1990, p. 26 ff.
  6. ↑ cit. after Elisabeth Boser: The history of the artists 'colony Dachau, in: Zweckverband Dachau galleries and museums (ed.): Artists' colony Dachau. Flowering from 1880 to 1920. Fischerhude 2013, p. 7 to 37, here p. 22f.
  7. ^ Josef Koller: Beloved Schwarzhölzl. Fate of a landscape in the north-west of Munich. Karlsfeld 1990, p. 51.
  8. ↑ Renaturation of Kalterback