Kanonerovite

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Kanonerovite
General and classification
other names

IMA1997-016

chemical formula Mn 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) • 12H 2 O
Mineral class
(and possibly department)
Phosphates, arsenates, vanadates
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana
8.FC.30 ( 8th edition : 7 / C.37-010)
04/46/01/01
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system monoclinic
Crystal class ; symbol monoclinic prismatic; 2 / m
Space group P 2 1 / n (No. 14, position 2)Template: room group / 14.2
Lattice parameters a  = 14.71 (1)  Å ; b  = 9.33 (2) Å; c  = 15.13 (1) Å
α  = 90 °; β  = 89.8 (1) °; γ  = 90 °
Formula units Z  = 4
Frequent crystal faces {100}, {010}, {001}, {023}, {423}, {210}
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 2.5-3
Density (g / cm 3 ) measured: 1.91 (2); calculated: 1.90
Cleavage indistinct after {010}
Break ; Tenacity uneven
colour colorless
Line color White
transparency transparent
shine Glass gloss
Crystal optics
Refractive indices n ω  = 1.453 (2)
n ε  = 1.459 (2)
Birefringence δ = 0.005-0.006
Optical character biaxial negative
Axis angle 2V = not determined
Pleochroism none

The mineral Kanonerovite is a very rare, hydrous triphosphate with the chemical composition Mn 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) · 12H 2 O. It crystallizes with monoclinic symmetry and forms white, radial aggregates of colorless, platy crystals, which are rarely larger than 0.1 mm.

Kanonerovite forms hydrothermally and so far (2020) is only known from its type locality , the Kazennitsa vein of the Alabashka pegmatite field near Yushakovo in the Sverdlovsk Oblast , Russia .

Etymology and history

Compounds of the type M 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) · 12H 2 O wherein M 2+ represents divalent cations are known since 1899 at the latest, when Paul Glühmann in his dissertation at the Friedrich-Wilhelms University in Berlin , the Cadmium salt of this type described. The first structural determinations of the Ni, Mg, Zn, Co, Mn and Cd representatives of this group were made in 1972 by Emile Rakotomahanina-Rolaisoa and colleagues. Complete descriptions of the structure were published in France in 1984 for Cu 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) 12H 2 O and Sweden for Cd 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) 12H 2 O. The structure of manganese (II) tri-sodium triphosphate dodecahydrate was elucidated in 1987 by P. Lightfoot and AK Cheetham at the University of Oxford, and the structure of the cobalt and nickel end links was investigated by Khalil Azzaoui and co-workers in 2012 at Mohamed 1st University in Oujda , Morocco .

Natural polyphosphates were unknown for a long time and it was assumed that they could not form under geologically relevant conditions until 1983, the first natural diphosphate , canaphite , was described.

Mining historian Alexander Anatolyevich Kanonerow from the mining museum in Nizhny Tagil of the Sverdlovsk Oblast , Russia collected the first samples in 1995, which contain Kanonerovit. It was recognized as a new mineral the following year during an examination of Kanonerov's private collection. It was named after its discoverer Kanonerov Aleksandr Anatol'evich and was recognized as a new mineral in 1997 with the number IMA 1997-016 by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA).

Kanonerovite is the first mineral with a triphosphate anion. Since then (2020) only one other triphosphate mineral, hylbrownite , has been described.

classification

Since Kanonerovit was only recognized as an independent mineral in 1997, it is not yet listed in the 8th edition of the Strunz mineral classification, which has been outdated since 1977 . Only in the Lapis mineral directory according to Stefan Weiß, which, out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections, is still based on this old form of Karl Hugo Strunz's system , was the mineral given the system and mineral number. VII / C.37-010 . In the "lapis system" this corresponds to the class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" and there the section "water-containing phosphates, without foreign anions ", where canonerovite together with hylbrownite form the group " anhydrous triphosphates [P 3 O 10 ] 5- "Forms (as of 2018).

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been valid since 2001 and was updated by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) until 2009, classifies canonerovite in the section "Polyphosphates, Polyarsenates, [4] -Polyvanadates". This is further subdivided according to OH and H 2 O content, so that the mineral can be found in the sub-section “Diphosphates etc. with only H 2 O” according to its composition , where it is the only member of the unnamed group 8.FC. 30 forms.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns canonerovite to the class of “phosphates, arsenates and vanadates” and there to the “basic or halogen-containing antimonites, arsenites and phosphites”. Here he is to be found as the only member of the unnamed group 46.04.01 within the sub-section "Basic or halogenated antimonites, arsenites and phosphites with (AB) m (XO3) p Zq × x (H2O)".

Chemism

Kanonerovit is a hydrous sodium - manganese - triphosphate with the idealized composition of Mn 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) · 12H 2 O. About substitutions possible is due to the rarity of Kanonerovit little known. The measured composition of Kanonerovit from the type locality shows only low levels of potassium , magnesium , iron and calcium :

  • (Mn 2+ 0.95 Mg 2+ 0.02 Fe 2+ 0.01 ) (Na 2.86 Ca 2+ 0.02 K 0.01 ) (P 2.98 O 9.87 ) 12.13H 2 O.

A few other compounds of this type are known synthetically:

  • Cd 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) • 12H 2 O
  • Ni 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) • 12H 2 O
  • Co 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) • 12H 2 O
  • Zn 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) • 12H 2 O
  • Mn 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) • 12H 2 O
  • Cu 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) • 12H 2 O
  • Mg 2+ Na 3 (P 3 O 10 ) • 12H 2 O

Crystal structure

Kanonerovit crystallizes with monoclinic symmetry of space group P 2 1 / n (space group no. 14, position 2) and 4 formula units per unit cell . The natural Kanonerovite from the type locality has the lattice parameters a  = 14.71 (1)  Å , b  = 9.33 (2) Å, c  = 15.13 (1) Å and ß = 89.8 (1). The lattice parameters a  = 14.763 (2)  Å , b  = 9.325 (4) Å, c  = 15.140 (4) Å and ß = 89.87 (2) were determined for the pure synthetic equivalent of Kanonerovite . Template: room group / 14.2

Phosphorus (P 5+ ) occupies three tetrahedral positions surrounded by 4 oxygen ions. The three tetrahedra are connected to a P 3 O 10 group via common oxygen ions of the PO 4 tetrahedron corners .

Manganese (Mn 2+ ) is surrounded by three oxygen and three water molecules in the form of a distorted octahedron , with the three oxygens each belonging to one corner of a PO 4 tetrahedron of a P 3 O 10 group.

These [MnP 3 O 10 (H 2 O) 3 ] 3 - complexes are held together by Na + ions and hydrogen bonds .

Sodium (Na + ) sits in three different positions, where it is either octahedrally surrounded by one oxygen and 5 water molecules (Na1, Na2) or one oxygen and 4 water molecules in the form of a strongly distorted square pyramid (Na3).

Education and Locations

Kanonerovite is so far (2020) only known from its type locality , the Kazennitsa vein of the Alabashka pegmatite field near Yuzhakovo in the Sverdlovsk Oblast , Russia . Here it is the only phosphate and was found in cavities in the central part of the pegmatite dike, where it appears as a white crust on quartz , topaz and cassiterite . It is seldom overgrown with secondary muscovite and stellerite .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF 1816 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed April 8, 2020 .
  2. a b c Mineralienatlas: Kanonerovit
  3. Kanonerovite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed April 10, 2020 .
  4. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w VI Popova, VA Popov, EV Sokolova, G. Ferraris, NV Chukanov: Kanonerovite, MnNa3P3O10 12H2O, first triphosphate mineral ( Kazennitsa pegmatite, Middle Urals, Russia) . In: New yearbook for mineralogy - monthly books . tape 3 , 2002, p. 117–127 ( researchgate.net [PDF; 224 kB ; accessed on April 19, 2020]).
  5. a b c d e f Vladimir Lutsko and Georg Johansson: The Crystal structure of trisodium cadmium triphosphate Na3CdP3O10 [H2O] 12 . In: Acta Chemica Scandinavica . A38, 1984, p. 415-417 ( actachemscand.org [PDF; 388 kB ; accessed on April 22, 2020]).
  6. a b c d e f g Emile Rakotomahanina-Rolaisoa, Marie-Thérèse Averbuch, André Durif-Varambon: Données cristallographiques sur lestriphosphates du type MIINa3P3O10 • 12H2O pour MII = Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Zn et Cd . In: Bulletin de la Société française deMinéralogie et de Cristallographie . tape 95 , 1972, pp. 516–520 ( persee.fr [PDF; 843 kB ; accessed on April 19, 2020]).
  7. a b O. Jouini, M. Dabbabi, MT Averbuch-Pouchot, A. Durif and JC Guitel: Structure du triphosphate de cuivre (II) et de trisodium dodécahydraté, CuNa3P3O10.12H2O . In: Acta Crystallographica . C40, 1984, pp. 728-730 , doi : 10.1107 / S0108270184005503 .
  8. a b c d e P. Lightfoot and AK Cheetham: Structure of manganese (II) trisodium tripolyphosphate dodecahydrate . In: Acta Crystallographica . C43, 1987, pp. 4-7 , doi : 10.1107 / S0108270187097221 .
  9. a b c d Khalil Azzaoui, Rachid Essehli, El Miloud Mejdoubi, Brahim El Bali, Michal Dusek and Karla Fejfarova: Na3MP3O1012H2O (M = Co, Ni): Crystal Structure andIR Spectroscopy . In: International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry . tape 2012 , 2012, p. 1–6 ( hindawi.com [PDF; 2.7 MB ; accessed on April 22, 2020]).
  10. K. Byrappa: The possible reasons for the absence of condensed phosphates in nature . In: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals . tape 10 , 1983, p. 94-95 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00309591 .
  11. ^ A b Roland C. Rouse, Donald R. Peacor, Robert L. Freed: Pyrophosphate groups in the structure of canaphite, CaNa 2 P 2 O 7 · 4H 2 O: The first occurrence of a condensed phosphate as a mineral . In: American Mineralogist . tape 73 , 1988, pp. 168–171 ( rruff.info [PDF; 448 kB ; accessed on February 10, 2020]).
  12. P. Elliott, J. Brugger, T. Caradoc-Davies, A. Pring: Hylbrownite, Na3MgP3O1012H2O, a new triphosphate mineral from the Dome Rock Mine, South Australia: description and crystal structure . In: Mineralogical Magazine . tape 77 , 2013, p. 385–398 , doi : 10.1180 / minmag.2013.077.3.11 .
  13. Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
  14. Find location list for Kanonerovite in the Mineralienatlas and in Mindat