Karl von Bruhn

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Johann Karl Balduin von Bruhn , alias Balduin , Joseph Lieblin (born March 16, 1803 in Herzhorn ; † August 9, 1877 in Altona ) was already a staunch opposition member in the pre- March period and took an active part in the revolution of 1848 . In the 1860s he became a member of the ADAV and was editor of the Nordstern .

March and revolution

He was the son of the former royal Danish captain Hans Friedrich vom Bruhn. He attended high school in Altona. From 1824 he studied law in Kiel . He was sentenced to four months of imprisonment because a participant had been killed in a student duel in which he was a second. He moved to the University of Munich, where he studied mathematics. After a trip to St. Petersburg, he volunteered in the Prussian army in 1829 . He served as an artilleryman with the rank of NCO . For a long time he was stationed in the federal fortress of Mainz . In 1834 he left military service. He stayed temporarily in Paris and then worked from 1836 to 1838 as a private tutor and economics trainee on an estate in Rheinhessen.

He became an active member of the League of the Outlawed and the League of the Righteous . Bruhn used the code name Baldwin. He had to flee Germany when an investigation was made against him in 1840. In 1841 he was sentenced to death in absentia in Mainz .

He then lived in Switzerland and continued to work for the political opposition in Germany. Among other things, Bruhn helped prepare the Hecker train in 1848 and served as a colonel in the revolutionaries' troops. After the defeat, he first went back to Switzerland. He then took an active part in the September Revolution of 1848 in Frankfurt am Main . After that he lived for a time under a different name in Hamburg and played a leading role in the democratic workers' associations. Bruhn was in close contact with Johann Philipp Becker and was a member of the Communist League . When he wanted to travel to southern Germany to join the Reich constitution campaign in May 1849, he was arrested. Various documents and addresses of like-minded people were found with him. Among them was a letter of recommendation from Karl Marx . The political context was apparently unknown to the authorities and Bruhn was only convicted of vagabonding.

Reaction era

At times under a strange name he resumed his political activities. He lived in Altona since 1850 , where he became chairman of the local workers' association. Bruhn was arrested for his activities, held for six weeks and acquitted in 1851. Bruhn joined a group of opposition activists that had formed in Switzerland. One of their envoys in Germany was Bruhn. According to Marx, this led the former members of the Communist League in Holstein to join the group under false pretenses. Because he was also in opposition to the London leadership, he was expelled in 1850. The exclusion was not implemented in Hamburg. In a letter from an emissary it says: “ I was at Martens in Hamburg first. Martens found the behavior towards Bruhn at least unwise, since Bruhn, as he said, had a very great influence and was gaining ground every day. I convinced myself of this in Altona and felt it was necessary to get in touch with Bruhn again immediately. The result was very satisfactory for both parties, more details were given orally. "

Labor movement

Bruhn was a founding member of the ADAV on May 23, 1863 in Leipzig and from 1863 tried to recruit supporters in Altona. But he had only limited success with that. He also founded the local ADAV community in Pinneberg . In the early 1860s he was editor of the North Star. In 1865, the Bruhn positioned itself as an internal party opponent of ADAV President Bernhard Becker . Instead of the dictatorship of an individual, he relied on a party leadership of three people. In Altona, Bruhn and with him the ADAV congregation sided with Countess Hatzfeld . The authorized representative Krohne had to resign and Bruhn took over this office. A meeting was called with President Becker to present his positions. In the course of the meeting, Becker questioned Bruhn's legitimacy as a proxy and threatened to involve the police. Thereupon he was pushed out of the hall by Bruhn and his supporters. As a result, the Altona community left the ADAV. In the Nordstern, Bruhn asked Becker to resign. He also managed to bring other ADAV communities in Schleswig-Holstein to waste from the association. Overall, Bruhn was unable to assert his opinion. As a result, he and the North Star hardly played a role in the ADAV. After Carl Wilhelm Tölcke became president of the ADAV, most of the apostate congregations rejoined the party. Bruhn also stood in opposition to Johann Baptist von Schweitzer , who, together with the Social Democrat , had founded a newspaper that had supplanted the North Star. In 1866, Bruhn had been replaced as an agent for Altona. A year later he ran for the North German Reichstag in Pinneberg . Bruhn joined the Lassallescher Allgemeine Deutscher Arbeiterverein , which was split off from the ADAV , and was editor of the organization's Freie Zeitung .

Archives and letters

  • Free newspaper of the Lassalle'schen General German Workers' Association . Ed .: Karl Bruhn; Responsible Ed .: Julius Röthing; B. Fischer. Röthing, Hamburg, Leipzig 1867 – June 1872. ZDB -ID 89027-3 .
  • IISG estate of Johann Philipp Becker . Signature: DI 285-322 (Bruhn to Johann Philipp Becker 1848-1868. 37 letters, 1 telegram and enclosures; D II 261 letter from Karl Bruhn to J.Ph. Becker, July 1863, written on page 8 of D II 260 and D II 302 letter from Bruhn dated July 8, 1848, with postscript by Georg Lommel).
  • IISG. General German Workers' Association / Lassalle Archives. Department III. Correspondence from Democrats and Worker Officials 1862-63 . Signature 50. (J.Ph. Becker to Bruhn. End of June 1863)
  • IISG. General German Workers' Association / Lassalle Archives . Signature: 84 (Bruhn to Sophie von Hatzfeldt, June 2, 1865, June 8, 1865 and June 9, 1865).
  • Acta Criminalia 12.233. In: Institute for Urban History Frankfurt a. M. ( Report of the embarrassing interrogation to the appellate court because of the participation of the economist and writer Johann Karl Balduin von BRUHN from Herzhorn in Holstein, speaker at the people's meeting on the Pentecostal pasture on September 17th, played a key role in the riot from 16th to 18th September 1848 , with minutes of the interrogation of BRUHN and witnesses, research, confiscated letters, including from Karl Marx (fol. 262–266) )
  • Bruhn to Johann Philipp Becker. July 29, 1848
  • Bruhn to Johann Philipp Becker. August 6, 1848
  • Bruhn to Johann Philipp Becker. August 26, 1848
  • Bruhn to Johann Philipp Becker December 2, 1848
  • Bruhn to Conrad Schramm April 2, 1849.
  • Karl Marx to Hermann Brehmer May 6, 1850. (Recommendation for Bruhn)
  • Karl Marx to Eduard von Müller-Tellering May 6, 1850. (Recommendation for Bruhn)
  • Karl Marx to Andreas Stifft May 6, 1850 (recommendation for Bruhn)
  • Bruhn to Conrad Schramm May 2 to 8, 1850
  • Bruhn to Ferdinand Lassalle. June 22, 1863.
  • Bruhn to Ferdinand Lassalle. December 14, 1863.
  • Bruhn to Ferdinand Lassalle. May 10, 1864.
  • Peter Nothjung to Bruhn. September 14, 1864
  • Bruhn to Karl Marx. February 27, 1865
  • Karl Marx to Bruhn. March 28, 1865
  • Bruhn to Karl Marx. April 9, 1865

literature

  • von Bruhn, J. Karl Balduin . In: A llgemeiner Polizei-Anzeiger . Edited by Friedrich Eberhardt . Vol. 13, No. 3, Coburg, July 10, 1850, p. 13 f.
  • Wermuth , Stieber : The Communist conspiracies of the nineteenth century on official order for the use of the police authorities of all German federal states. Part 2. AW Hayn, Berlin 1854, pp. 32–34 digitized
  • Heinrich Laufenberg : History of the labor movement in Hamburg, Altona and the surrounding area . Vol. 1: The justification of the organization . Hamburg printer and publishing house Auer & Co., Hamburg 1911 (Reprint JHW Dietz Nachf., Bonn 1977 ISBN 3-8012-21776 )
  • Gustav Mayer : Ferdinand Lassalle. Postponed letters and writings. Vol. 5. Lassalle's correspondence from the years of his labor agitation 1862-1864 . German publishing company / Julius Springer, Stuttgart / Berlin 1925
  • The First International in Germany (1864–1872). Documents and materials . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1964, pp. 20, 60, 112
  • Wolfgang Schieder : The League of Communists in the summer of 1850 . In: International Review of Social History . Vol. XIII, 1968, pp. 30-33
  • Herwig Förder, Martin Hundt , Jefin Kandel, Sofia Leviowa: The League of Communists. Documents and materials . 3 vols., Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, 1982, 1984
  • Kurt Koszyk and Karl Obermann : Contemporaries of Marx and Engels. Selected letters from the years 1844 to 1852 . Van Gorcum & Comp., Assen 1975 ISBN 9-0232-1293-2
  • Gerd Krämer: "Man of work woke up." The Altona and Ottenser communities of the General German Workers' Association . Digitized version (PDF file; 6.13 MB)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Altona registry office : death register . No. 1424/1877.
  2. ↑ Allgemeine Polizei-Anzeiger, Vol. 13, No. 3, Coburg, July 10, 1850, p. 13 digitized
  3. ↑ Allgemeine Polizei-Anzeiger, Vol. 13, No. 3, Coburg, July 10, 1850, p. 13 digitized
  4. ^ Statement by Carl Ludwig Schäfer . ( The League of Communists . Vol. 1, pp. 113 and 1000.)
  5. ^ Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: Correspondence, January 1849 to December 1850 Berlin, 1981 p. 1371
  6. ↑ Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels: Address of the Central Authority of the League of Communists from July 1850, In: Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: Works, Articles, Drafts July 1849 to June 1851. Berlin, 1977 p. 337
  7. ^ Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: works, articles, drafts July 1849 to June 1851. Berlin, 1977 p. 933
  8. ↑ Mr. Lassalle and the workers . In: The border messengers. Journal of Politics and Literature. 22nd year, 1st semester, 2nd volume, Leipzig 1863, p. 406 digitized
  9. ↑ Arno Herzig: The development of the Hamburg labor movement in the 19th century. In. Tales of Two Cities: Hamburg and Chicago. Berlin, 2006 p. 188
  10. ^ Roger Morgan: The German Social Democrats and the First International: 1864–1872. Cambridge, 1965 42
  11. ↑ Workers' Movement in Pinneberg ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtmuseum-pinneberg.de
  12. ^ Georg Eckert: On the history of the Wiesbaden and Mainz sections of the International Workers' Association. In: AfS 8/1968 p. 107
  13. ↑ Contemporaries , pp. 187–191.
  14. ↑ Contemporaries , pp. 193–195.
  15. ↑ Contemporaries , pp. 201–202.
  16. ↑ The letter is signed with the code name " Liblin ".
  17. ↑ Contemporaries , pp. 224–228.
  18. ↑ Contemporaries , pp. 336–340.
  19. ↑ International Review of Social History . Vol. XIII, 1968, pp. 42-47.
  20. ↑ The League of Communists . Vol. 1, p. 940.
  21. ↑ (L. Nover): The political-revolutionary connections in the years 1814 to 1852 and their revolutions . Giessen 1852, p. 206.
  22. ↑ The League of Communists . Vol. 1, p. 941
  23. ^ Gerhard Becker: New documents from Karl Marx from 1849 . In: Journal of History . 22 year, Berlin 1974, issue 4, p. 433.
  24. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Vol. 3. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1981, p. 22
  25. ↑ The letter is signed with the code name " Müller ".
  26. ↑ Contemporaries , pp. 345–349.
  27. ↑ The League of Communists . Vol. 2, pp. 172-177.
  28. ^ Gustav Mayer: Lassalle correspondence . Vol. 5, pp. 192-194.
  29. ^ Gustav Mayer: Lassalle correspondence . Vol. 5, pp. 265-268.
  30. ^ Gustav Mayer: Lassalle correspondence . Vol. 5, pp. 309-311.
  31. ^ Theodor Müller (ed.): 45 leaders from the beginnings and the heroic age of the Breslau social democracy . Robert Hermann, Breslau 1925, pp. 17-18 digitized .
  32. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Vol. 13. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2002, p. 285.
  33. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department III. Vol. 13, p. 360.
  34. ↑ Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department III. Vol. 13, p. 381.
personal data
SURNAME Bruhn, Karl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bruhn, Johann Karl Balduin (full name); Bruhn, Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German revolutionary
DATE OF BIRTH March 16, 1803
PLACE OF BIRTH Heart horn
DATE OF DEATH August 9, 1877
Place of death Altona