Karl Heinrich Gotthilf von Köstlin

Karl Heinrich Gotthilf von Köstlin

Karl Heinrich Gotthilf Köstlin , from 1840 by Köstlin (born June 20, 1787 in Nürtingen , † August 18, 1859 in Stuttgart ), was a German physician and reformer of clinical psychiatry in Württemberg and a member of the Swabian School of Poetry .

Live and act

Heinrich Köstlin was the third surviving son of the Nürtingen deacon , later dean and (honor) prelate Nathanael Köstlin and the Sibylle Friederike Cless (1751-1824). He attended the Protestant theological seminar in Bebenhausen as a hospes (guest student) from 1801 and moved to the University of Tübingen to study medicine in the winter semester of 1803/04 . He benefited from the fact that his teacher, Professor Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer , had once been a student of his great cousin Karl Heinrich Köstlin at the Hohen Karlsschule in Stuttgart. The young Köstlin was one of the students who tried to treat the mentally ill poet Friedrich Hölderlin under Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Autenrieth . Here he made the experiences that were to become significant for his later career. With his friends Justinus Kerner , Karl Mayer and Ludwig Uhland , Heinrich Köstlin formed the core of the Swabian school of poets. He worked diligently on the “Sunday paper for educated estates” and published poems and epigrams under the pseudonyms “LN” and “Chrysalethes” in the “Poetic Almanac for the year 1812” and in the “German Poet Forest” (1813). The friends were philosophical, and the later Baden State Councilor Karl Friedrich Nebenius was part of them at times, particularly influenced by Schelling's natural philosophy , especially since Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling was a cousin of Kostlin. His doctorate in August 1808 was followed by a study visit to Vienna (acquaintance with Friedrich Schlegel ) and Munich, where Köstlin lived with Schelling and met Ludwig Tieck . A very much desired trip to Ludwig Uhland in Paris failed due to resistance from his parents.

In the autumn of 1809 he opened a practice in Stuttgart, which he was to run until the end of 1855. In 1814 Köstlin became a city director, in 1817 a medical councilor, in 1823 a doctor at the municipal orphanage and in 1828 a senior medical councilor with a seat in the medical college. In 1834 King Leopold I of Belgium offered him the position of personal physician in vain.

In the Medical College Heinrich Köstlin was responsible for psychiatric questions and so he devoted himself with great energy to the reform of clinical psychiatry in the Kingdom of Württemberg. According to his plans and instructions, the former Winnental hunting lodge near Winnenden was converted into a modern sanatorium and nursing home in 1833/34 and the existing “ madhouse ” in the secularized Zwiefalten monastery was fundamentally reformed in 1839. In addition to this work, Köstlin campaigned for pharmacy visits and he was significantly involved in the new Württemberg State Pharmacopoeia of 1847. For health reasons, he withdrew from the medical college in 1853. Two years later, Köstlin also closed his practice.

As early as 1840, King Wilhelm I of Württemberg honored him with the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown , which was associated with the personal nobility. In 1853 he received the commentary cross of this order. Köstlin's merits were recognized in the Swabian Merkur of January 8, 1860, pp. 33-35, and in the Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie , Volume 17 (1860), pages 381-382.

In the last few years Heinrich Köstlin occupied himself more with philosophical reading and poetry. He still took on public tasks, for example as a church elder in his community and as a member of the Stuttgart local management of the Württemberg charity. After a long illness he died on August 18, 1859. His grave is still preserved in the Hoppenlauf cemetery in Stuttgart .

family

Heinrich Köstlin was used with Mathilde from 1814. Storr born Otto (1794–1835) married and had seven children:

• Mathilde Köstlin (1815–1867), married to Karl Hoffmann (1807–1881), professor of political science in Tübingen
• Heinrich Köstlin (1817–1822)
• Otto Köstlin (1818–1884), doctor and professor of natural sciences at the Stuttgart high school
• Adolf Köstlin (1820–1842), theologian
• Theodor Köstlin (1823–1900), lawyer, State Councilor, President of the Higher Regional Court in Stuttgart
• Julius Köstlin (1826–1902), professor of Protestant theology in Göttingen, Breslau and Halle / Saale, church historian , pioneer of historical Luther research
• Thusnelde Köstlin (1827–1896), married to Rudolf von Schmid (1828–1907), pastor, Ephorus in Schöntal , prelate and general superintendent of Heilbronn , court preacher in Stuttgart (successor to Karl von Gerok )

Heinrich Köstlin is a great-great-grandfather of the German RAF terrorist Ulrike Meinhof .

See also

• Köstlin, a family of theologians and officials from Württemberg

literature

• Julius Köstlin u. Melchior Josef Bandorf :  Köstlin, Karl Heinrich Gotthilf . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 758 f.
• Heinz Otto Burger: Swabian Romanticism. Study on the characteristics of the Uhlandkreis , Stuttgart 1928, pp. 7–48, 163–177
• Stefan J. Dietrich: Köstlin, Heinrich (v.). In: Schwabenspiegel. Literature from the Neckar to Lake Constance 1800-1950. Edited by Manfred Bosch , Ulrich Gaier, Wolfgang Rapp a. a., Vol. 1.2., Biberach / Riß 2006, pp. 87, 211 (list of works and references).
• Stefan J. Dietrich: “I would praise me blessed to have written so”. Heinrich Köstlin, a Swabian romantic . In: Schwabenspiegel. Literature from the Neckar to Lake Constance 1800–1950. Edited by Manfred Bosch, Ulrich Gaier, Wolfgang Rapp a. a., Vol. 2.2., Biberach / Riß 2006, pp. 1155-1159
• Stefan J. Dietrich: pioneer of clinical psychiatry. Heinrich Köstlin, who came from Nürtingen, revolutionized the treatment of the mentally ill. In: Nürtinger Zeitung, August 18, 2009, p. 13
• Otto-Joachim Grüßer: From the “mad house” in Ludwigsburg to the royal sanatorium in Winnenthal. Psychiatry in Württemberg in the field of tension between the Enlightenment and Romanticism : In: Baden and Württemberg in the Age of Napoleon, Vol. 2, Stuttgart 1987. P. 373-410
• Priscilla A. Hayden-Roy: Carl Heinrich Gotthilf Köstlin (1787-1859) . In: This: "Sparta et Martha". Parish office and marriage in the life planning of Hölderlin and in his environment, Ostfildern 2011, pp. 68–73, 379 (portrait)
• Rudolf Krauss: Schwäbische Litteraturgeschichte , Vol. 2, Tübingen 1899 (reprint 1975), pp. 11-13, 18, 22, 24-26, 440
• Maria Köstlin (ed.): The book of the Köstlin family , Stuttgart 1931, p. 21, 137–141
• Volker Schäfer: Tübingen students in Hölderlin's environment . In: Baussteine ​​zur Tübingen University History, Vol. 2 (1984), pp. 107–121 (on Köstlin, p. 111)
• Mali Wetenkamp: The genesis of the Württemberg State Pharmacopoeia from 1847 with special consideration of the revision of the draft from 1845 , Tübingen 2001 dissertation

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Royal Württemberg Court and State Manual 1858 , p. 38