Karl von Hailbronner

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Karl von Hailbronner (* 1793 , † 11. June 1864 at his country estate to Leitershofen in Augsburg ) was a Bavarian cavalry - officer (last Lieutenant General ) and travel writer .

Life

Biographical data on Hailbronner are rare, although his two travel books, Cartons from the travel folder of a German tourist and Morgenland und Abendland , sold very well in their time and found general recognition among reviewers. Hailbronner's letters are available in German archives, but have not yet been evaluated (with the exception of his correspondence with Heinrich Heine ; see below).

Hailbronner mentions in a document that his father used to live in Ulm, and the family name Hailbronner is well documented in Ulm from the 17th to the late 20th century, not least for local patrician families. An Ulm merchant named Friedrich Karl von Hailbronner (1724–1779) was raised to the nobility in 1766 - and thus got the “von” in the name - and one of his sons may have been the father of Karl von Hailbronner: it was probably about Conrad von Hailbronner (born 1755), who was also a merchant and later moved to Augsburg (which would explain Karl von Hailbronner's later relationship with the Swabian city). It is likely that Karl was born in either Ulm or Augsburg.

However, Karl von Hailbronner did not take up the trade, but was a cavalry officer in the Bavarian army and had participated in all campaigns since the battle of Regensburg (1809), including Napoleon's campaign in Russia . His army career cannot be fully traced with the available material. In 1840 he appeared as a major and was deployed in the "Light Cavalry" in the Amberg garrison . Later we find him between November 1849 and September 1851 with the rank of colonel in the 4th Royal Bavarian Cavalry Brigade , in 1852 as major general, stationed in Bamberg , but in September of that year on maneuvers in Hungary. In 1853 (and until further notice) he held the rank of "general" and lieutenant general. In the years 1850-1851 Hailbronner was significantly involved in the " Kurhessischen campaign", namely when foreign troops intervened due to the constitutional conflict there. Hailbronner advanced with two cavalry regiments from Bamberg via Aschaffenburg against the Electorate of Hesse, whose territory he entered in October. Kassel , Fulda , Marburg , Fritzlar and the whole of Kurhessen were then occupied by Bavarian-Austrian troops - the so-called " penal Bavaria " - who forced the implementation of the conservative counter-revolution as part of a federal intervention .

In the last years of his career, Hailbronner dealt with less pressing issues. In September 1853 he took part in the meeting of German historians and archaeologists in Nuremberg. A few months later, he sent his soldiers to the stage to test a mobile field kitchen:

“Nuremberg, April 18th. At the instigation of the k. General-Adjutanten Hrn. Hailbronner was attempted an experiment today, brought about by the inventiveness of the pen. Captain's Mr. Bauer. The point is namely to try out the outpatient kitchen (cooking machine) invented by him. Under the command of the k. Colonel H. v. Feder marched at 7 a.m. this morning a troop of around 160 men, two of whom (alternately) carried the fired cooking machine, along the road to Erlangen. In a short time (not even 2 hours) the food was prepared during the march (with a charcoal cost of only 3 kr., Calculated for about 12-16 men), and the same consisting of soup, beef, sauerkraut and pork was tasted outdoors . The sample should be completely successful. "

After the beginning of 1854 rumors spread that Hailbronner was slated to be the future Bavarian Minister of War or that he should lead a Bavarian auxiliary corps that would soon be sent to Greece, but both assumptions turned out to be wrong. For health reasons, Hailbronner left the army in October 1857, aged 64, and retired into private life. Hailbronner was unmarried and is said to have lived with his sister, who was also unmarried. During his professional life he had the time and leisure to undertake extensive trips in Europe and in the Islamic countries around the Eastern Mediterranean (see below). As early as October 1827, Hailbronner was on the payroll of the Stuttgart publisher Johann F. Cotta for his correspondence from Munich, which he provided for the Morgenblatt for educated classes . We also know that Hailbronner was friends with Heinrich Heine . The latter reacted in 1828 to an article written by Hailbronner but published anonymously "On corporal punishment in England" with critical follow-up remarks; this article (including Heine's postscript) was printed in the Neue Allgemeine Politik Annalen , which appeared in Munich and a. published by Heine. Hailbronner and Heine still corresponded with each other in the 1840s: Hailbronner's postscript in a letter from Gustav Kolb (November 1846) to Heine reads:

“The greatest or longest person on earth greets our faithless friend, whom he has often visited in his new home in vain. Think Heine, his friendliest, and come to the Bavarian brine baths, where there are also Pyrenean landscapes. With old friendship: the author of the corporal punishment in the sacred political annals. "

After decades, Heine also remembered Hailbronner, because in a letter of October 22, 1851 to the editor of the magazine Das Auslands in Augsburg, he wrote: "Greet General Hailbronner there too, the good old sword".

Hailbronner was also acquainted with the journalist Levin Schücking , who worked in Augsburg as editor of the Allgemeine Zeitung between autumn 1842 and 1845 and lived in the direct vicinity of Hailbronner; Schücking mentions him in his memoirs published in 1880.

Hailbronner died at the age of 71 in Leitershofen near Augsburg of the consequences of an abdominal infection. “He was one of the most educated and brilliant men in the Bavarian army,” summarized the Salzburger Zeitung .

to travel

Hailbronn's (now rather modest) fame is based on his two three-volume travel descriptions, which appeared between 1837 and 1841. Unfortunately, Hailbronner hardly gives any chronological information in his writings, so that his stays in individual places are difficult or impossible to date. Less than a handful of newspaper articles provide information about Hailbronner's whereabouts. For example, in his letter from Athens , dated October 27, 1839, it was stated that the Bavarian Major von Hailbronner had arrived there from Constantinople.

Travel in Europe

The Cartons (1837) describe Hailbronner's travels in Switzerland, France, England, Ireland, Scotland, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Bohemia and Austria, but also his visits to several cities in Germany (Berlin, Dresden, Nuremberg); the entire third volume deals exclusively with Italy (Venice, Rome, Florence, Naples). In particular, the almost 40 pages that he devoted to Ireland in the Cartons aroused the interest of modern researchers because, as a Catholic, he was critical of British rule on the Emerald Isle.

The reactions to Hailbronners Cartons have been very positive, both among the reviewers and the audience; a journalist remarked that Hailbronners work "immediately attracted the attention of German readers". In literary courier in the supplement to Vienna The Humorist a (serious) criticism appeared Cartons , said, among other things, is that Hailbronners work "by peculiar view of clarity and elegance of presentation, by the noblest sentiments, and by the most astute and the most piquant spirit of attention of its ingenious author, from the flood of travel and hiking letters, how a blooming island rises and distinguishes ”. The reviewer of the Morgenblatt for educated readers gave a detailed overview of the contents and concluded with the following: "A cheerful, lively tone goes through the whole thing."

Travels in the Orient, Greece and Spain

No less attention was paid to Hailbronners Morgenland und Abendland (first in 1841), in which he mainly describes his travels through the eastern Mediterranean and his return via Spain and France. Hailbronner published the volumes anonymously as the “author of the cartons”, but could count on the German readers to understand this allusion. After all, Hailbronner's fame at the time had grown so far that his arrival in Munich in the autumn of 1840 was worth a message of its own in the Regensburger Zeitung :

“Munich, October 14th. The well-known tourist, Major v. Hailbronner, is located in our city. His last voyage, from which he has just returned, included Turkey, Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, the Idumea desert, Palestine, Syria, the shores of the Berry, Spain and Portugal. One can expect successful descriptions from the pen of the fine observer and witty performer (...). "

The route as described in Hailbronner's three-volume work is the following: Vienna - Danube: Budapest, Belgrade, Vidin, Ruse, Brăila, Galați - Black Sea - Constantinople - Dardanelles - Smyrna (modern İzmir) - Chios - Athens - Delphi - Corinth - Sparta - Olympia - Patras - Alexandria - Cairo - Thebes - Philae - Sinai - Jerusalem - Nazareth - Damascus - Baalbek - Beirut - Cyprus - Rhodes - Malta & Gozo - Algeria - Malaga - Granada - Madrid - Seville - Cadiz - Lisbon - Provence - Rhone Valley.

Hailbronner quickly rejected an actually planned trip through Algeria when the medical officers in the port of Algiers told him that no one was allowed to leave the city due to the risk of epidemics. On some stages Hailbronner traveled together with the Austrian Feldzeugmeister Freiherr von Hess.

A few weeks earlier, in Damascus , he had witnessed a hideous incident, which was widely reported at the time , namely the murder of a Capuchin father in February 1840. This act was counted by French circles and local authorities as a ritual murder of Jewish merchants who were tortured and forced to commit murder But later revoked the confession; this resulted in serious diplomatic entanglements among representatives of Western powers and local riots against the Jews. In any case, the editors of the Augsburger Zeitung - where it was known that Hailbronner was in Syria - presented him in this matter as an “impartial observer on the spot”, but did not publish anything concrete from his pen. The Leipziger Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums wrote in February 1841 about the later report by Hailbronners, as it appears in the second volume of Morgendland und Abendland :

“The major v. In the course of his writing, Hailbronner turns out to be rather averse to the Jews, because he is friendly, he is filled with all the prejudices which the German can so difficultly defend against the Jews. In spite of this, he is permeated by the innocence of the Damascus martyrs and indignant by the outrages that are perpetrated against them. It is all the more interesting to get to know his portrayal. Yes, we must have the general. Time. incorporate Judaism because we will always be able to refer to them as the ruthless opinion of a ruthless eyewitness. At the same time, it has the merit of really being the first compact, grainy, coherent narrative of the facts that is told, simply to tell the bare truth. "

The reception of Hailbronner's work was generally positive in the press. A reviewer for the magazine Minerva stated: “In the field of geography and travelogues we have not remembered for a long time having read such a graceful, faithful description of foreign conditions as in the Bavarian Major von Hailbronn's 'Orient and Occident.'" Little What is surprising, however, is that the generally supercritical Titus Tobler in his Bibliographica geographica Palaestinae hardly gives a damn about Hailbronner's descriptions of Palestine, because from his academic perspective they could only appear as pretty, but worthless descriptions by an officer on a journey: “The author writes flourishing and picturesque, but not very reliable; he doesn't even emphasize the military; he mostly believes in the monastic traditions ”. Nevertheless, the fact that Hailbronner's Morgenland und Abendland appeared in a second edition after four years and also in a Dutch translation shows that the book was a great success with the public.

Curiously enough, the Regensburger Zeitung reported in December 1841 that “the kb Major v. Hailbronner recently intends to go on a major travel tour, “as the destination of India and China is named”. As far as is known, this trip did not take place.

Awards and honors

Fonts

  • 1837: Cartons from a German tourist's travel portfolio. Collected and edited by Karl von Hailbronner . 3 volumes. Stuttgart - Tübingen: JG Cotta (Google: Volume I - Volume II - Volume III ) (MDZ Farbscan: Volume I - Volume II - Volume III )
  • 1841 (anonymous): Orient and Occident. Pictures from the Danube, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, the Mediterranean, Spain, Portugal and southern France . 3 volumes. Stuttgart - Tübingen: JG Cotta (Google: Volume I - Volume II - Volume III )
    • Dutch (anonymous) edition in three parts 1842: Het Oosten en het Westen. Tafereelen van den Donau, Turkije, Greece, Egypt, Palestina, Syrië, de Middellandsche Zee, Spanje, Portugal en het zuiden van Frankrijk. Naar het hoogduitsch door Steenbergen vsan Goor . Amsterdam: Hendrik Frejlink (Google: Volume I - Volume II - Volume III )
    • Second German edition in two volumes 1845. Stuttgart - Tübingen: JG Cotta
      • Volume I: Turkey, Greece, Egypt ( Google )
      • Volume II: Palestine, Syria, Spain, Portugal, Southern France ( Google )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The usual and often stated year of Hailbronner's birth is 1788 or (more often) 1789. But there are weighty reasons to consider 1793 to be the correct date, v. a. the correction, probably launched by relatives, in the Wiener Zeitung , No. 148 of June 15, 1864, p. 860. There, after the initially different news of his death in the No. of June 14, Hailbronner's age is corrected from 75 to 71, which that would correspond to a year of birth 1793.
  2. ↑ Kalliope union catalog. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Morgenland und Abendland (1841), Volume I, p. 12.
  4. ^ Albrecht Weyermann: New historical-biographical-artistic news from scholars and artists, also old and new noble and bourgeois families from the former imperial city of Ulm . Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1829, p. 160 .
  5. ^ Jacob Heinrich Schwarz: Address manual for the government district of the Upper Palatinate and Regensburg in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Reitmayr, Regensburg 1840, p. 312 .
  6. ↑ Appointment to lieutenant general in Munich on September 22, 1852, see Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung , No. 376 of September 25, 1852, p. 1844.
  7. ^ Dispatch from Nuremberg . In: Regensburger Zeitung . No. 256 , September 16, 1852, p. 1017 .
  8. ^ Telegraphic dispatches . In: Strangers Leaf . No. 223 . Vienna September 18, 1852, p. 1 (not paged) .
  9. ↑ Commander of an army division.
  10. ↑ Germany. Dispatch from Munich . In: Evening paper of the Oesterreichisch-Kaiserliche Wiener Zeitung . No. 196 . Vienna August 29, 1853, p. 782 .
  11. ↑ Germany. Dispatch from Nuremberg . In: Regensburger Zeitung . No. 213 , August 6, 1855, p. 845 .
  12. ↑ Dispatch from Hünfeld . In: Extraordinary supplement to the Leipziger Zeitung . No. 346 , December 12, 1850.
  13. ↑ The Kurhessischen turmoil . In: Illustrirte Zeitung . No. 392 . Leipzig January 4, 1851, p. 3 .
  14. ↑ Appendix I. In: Correspondence sheet of the Gesammtverein der Deutschen Geschichts- und Alterthums-Vereine . No. 1 , October 1853, p. 10 .
  15. ↑ It would be correct: "Lieutenant General". This appears correct in other newspapers, see for example Wiener Zeitung , No. 102 of April 28, 1854, p. 1163.
  16. ↑ Germany. Dispatch from Nuremberg . In: Salzburger Zeitung . No. 95 , April 26, 1854, pp. 381 .
  17. ↑ Bavaria. Dispatch from Munich . In: Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . No. 52 . Leipzig March 2, 1854, p. 414 .
  18. ↑ Military Service News . In: Supplement to No. 279 of the Allgemeine Zeitung . Augsburg October 6, 1857, p. 4462 .
  19. ↑ a b Levin Schücking: Memoirs. In Augsburg . In: Westermannsmonthshefte . tape 48 , 1880, pp. 657 .
  20. ↑ Monika Siegel: I had a penchant for enthusiasm ... The life of the writer and translator Meta Forkel-Liebeskind as reflected in her time . Dissertation Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 2000, p. 186 .
  21. ^ Heinrich Heine secular edition . Division I, 4: Tragedies. Early prose 1820-1831. Edited by Elke Richter. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1996, p. 434 ff .
  22. ↑ Paris.
  23. ↑ An allusion to Heine's recent trip to the south of France.
  24. ↑ HSA vol. 26, p. 186 - letter no. 803. In: Heinrich-Heine-Portal. Retrieved November 13, 2019 . ( Facsimile digitized version )
  25. ^ Heinrich Heine secular edition . Division I, 4: Tragedies. Early prose 1820-1831. Edited by Elke Richter. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1996, p. 435 .
  26. ^ Dispatch from Augsburg . In: Salzburger Zeitung . No. 133 , June 14, 1864, p. 3 (not paged) .
  27. ^ Letter from Athens, Oct. 27, In: Fränkischer Merkur . No. 318 . Bamberg November 14, 1839, p. 4 (not paged) .
  28. ↑ Eoin Bourke : "Poor Green Erin". German Travel Writers' Narratives on Ireland from Before the 1798 Rising to After the Great Famine - Texts Edited, Translated and Annotated by Eoin Bourke . Peter Lang, Frankfurt aM 2012 (Chapter 15).
  29. ↑ Leesa Wheatley: Forging Ireland: German Travel Literature from 1785 to 1850 . Dissertation. School of Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures, National University of Ireland Maynooth 2015.
  30. ^ Correspondence messages . In: newspaper for the German nobility . No. 41 , May 22, 1841, pp. 164 .
  31. ↑ Literary Courier . In: MG Saphir (Ed.): Allgemeine Welt-Kourier. Weekly supplement to the humorist . No. 10 . Vienna March 5, 1838, p. 37 .
  32. ↑ New trips . In: Morgenblatt für educated readers: Literaturblatt (Ed. W. Menzel) . No. 48 , May 11, 1838, p. 192 .
  33. ↑ North Africa.
  34. ^ Dispatch from Munich . In: Regensburger Zeitung . No. 249 , October 17, 1840.
  35. ^ Morgendland und Abendland (1841), Volume III, p. 49.
  36. ^ Dispatch from Berlin . In: The Austrian audience . No. 29 . Vienna April 12, 1854, p. 453 .
  37. ↑ Newspaper News: Syria . In: Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums . No. 6 . Leipzig February 6, 1841, p. 69 .
  38. ^ Retrospectives on the history of 1841 and on the literature of the same in Germany . In: Minerva. Volume I for the year 1842. Jena February 1842, p. 292 .
  39. ^ Titus Tobler: Bibliographica geographica Palaestinae. First a critical review of printed and unprinted descriptions of the trips to the Holy Land . S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1867, p. 164 .
  40. ↑ = Royal Bavarian.
  41. ↑ Weekly entertainment, as a supplement to the Regensburger Zeitung 1841 . No. 68 , December 6, 1841.
  42. ^ Report from Munich . In: New Munich Newspaper . No. 47 , February 25, 1851, p. 369 .
  43. ↑ Personnel news : medals . In: Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . No. 134 . Leipzig March 13, 1851, p. 551 .
  44. ↑ Personnel news : medals . In: Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . No. 245 . Leipzig October 19, 1853, p. 2022 .
  45. ↑ Calendar for the use of the Austrian imperial court for the year 1861 . Court and State Printing House, Vienna 1861, p. 77 .
  46. ↑ Author's name: "From the author of the cartons".
personal data
SURNAME Hailbronner, Karl von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bavarian cavalry officer (most recently lieutenant general) and travel writer
DATE OF BIRTH 1793
DATE OF DEATH June 11, 1864
Place of death near Augsburg