Karrodounon

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Location from Karrodounon to Ptolemaeus
Reconstruction of a four-wheeled cart used by the Celts

Karrodounon ( Greek  Καρρόδουνον ; Latin Carrodunum ) is a place name that Ptolemy used in his Geographia set of coordinates (Ptolemy 2, 11, 29) as one of the places in the interior of Germania (πlicherλεις) with a length of 42 ° 40 ' and 51 ° 30 'latitude is recorded. Furthermore, Ptolemy names three other places of the same name.

Ancient sources

Ptolemäus Karrodounon gives a total of four places in his local catalog : in Germania (2,11,29), in Vindelicium (2,12,4), in Pannonia (2,14,4) and in Sarmatia (3,5,30) .

etymology

The basic meaning of Karrodounon recognized in etymology is " Wagenburg ". According to Günter Neumann, the place name has a Gaulish determinative compound , which is composed of carrus , "four-wheeled carriage" and dounon , "fortified place". Evidence for this is given by Vegetius (3,10). He used the carrus , which was borrowed into Latin , when he described the barbarian camp as a wagon castle: Omnes barbari carris suis in orbem conexis ad similtudinem castrorum securas a superuentibus exigunt noctes. ("All barbarians spend the nights safe from being attacked because they have pulled their wagons together in a circle and thus formed a kind of camp"). An originally makeshift defensive structure like the Wagenburg has, according to Neumann, formed the germ of a permanent settlement several times. The noun duno- appears in many Celtic place names, e.g. B. Lugu-dunum in France> Lyon , in the Netherlands> Leyden , Cambo-dunum > Kempten or Lopodunum > Ladenburg .
The links from Karrodounon in Vindelicium (Ptolemy 2,12,4) with today's place name Karnberg near Wasserburg am Inn or from Karrodounon in Sarmatia (Ptolemy 3,5,30) with Zarnowice in today's Poland , which are only based on the appeal of the first syllable are supported and uncertain. Likewise, the older thesis that the base word of the place name contains the name of the Gaulish god Mars Carrus is considered unlikely, since it is only a local god.
According to Reichert, Neumann's etymological conclusions give a complete linguistic as well as factual explanation of the name, but he also states that the place names on -dunum are mostly formed with basic words that refer to the nature of the place, and only a few with personal names . According to this, Karrodounon and similar place names indicate that the old Celtic settlements and settlement names were retained by the Germanic population, particularly in Bohemia and Moravia .

Localizations

So far, according to Ptolemy, the place in the Germania magna could not be localized. A well-founded statement about the latitude of Karroudounon is not possible: it is given as 51 ° 30 'or 50 ° 30' latitude. The location information in the area of ​​Bohemia is uncertain, as Ptolemy could have calculated from the seashore or from the Danube or set a compromise value. In addition, there is the indefinite tradition of latitude from Karroudounon due to a possibly unusual number character α in the better preserved manuscript X with the lower coordinate. In terms of longitude, Karroudounon was probably on a trade route from Kalamantia to the mouth of the Vistula . Depending on the assumed latitude, you come to places south or north of Ostrava (Moravian-Ostrau) in the Czech Republic. An interdisciplinary research team led by Andreas Kleineberg, who re-examined and interpreted the Ptolemaic coordinates from 2006 to 2009, is currently locating Karrodounon in Germania in the area near Rýmarov (Roman town) in the Czech Republic .

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy: Book II, Chapter 10: Greater Germany (Fourth Map of Europe) ( English ) penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
  2. ↑ Cf. Theodor Hopfner : Carrodunum. In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Supplementary volume III, Stuttgart 1918, Col. 235 f. Hopfner reads at the point in Vindelicium (Ptolemy 2,12,4) the variant Καρνόδουνον , whereby he would like to link its basic word with Celtic * carno- "horn" (also "hill").
  3. ↑ The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy: Book III, Chapter 5: Location of European Sarmatia (from the Eighth Map of Europe)) ( English ) penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
  4. ↑ Cf. Günter Neumann: Karrodounon . In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . No. 16 . de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-11-016782-4 , p. 322 .
  5. ↑ See Alfred Holder: Old Celtic vocabulary . tape 1 , 1896, p. 1375; 1 (reprinted 1961). The Gallic carrus corresponds to the Latin currus ; dounon originally meant "fence", then "fortified place" and finally "city".
  6. ↑ FLAVI VEGETI RENATI VIRI INLUSTRIS COMITIS EPITOMA REI MILITARIS LIBER III ( Latin ) thelatinlibrary.com. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
  7. ↑ On the Germanic wagon castle cf. Hans Delbrück : History of the art of war in the context of political history . tape 3 . Heidelberg 1967, p. 291 (reprinted 1966).
  8. ↑ See Adolf Bach : The German place names . The German place names in historical, geographical, sociological and psychological terms. In the S. (Ed.): German naming . tape 2 . Winter, Heidelberg 1954 (§434).
  9. ↑ See Wolfgang Meid : Aspects of the Germanic and Celtic religion in the testimony of language . Innsbruck 1991, p. 39 f. Note 9 . : According to Meid, Mars Carrus belongs to the Alpine word carr- "stone".
  10. ↑ Cf. Günter Neumann: Karrodounon . In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . No. 16 . de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-11-016782-4 , p. 322 .
  11. ↑ See Alfred Holder: Old Celtic vocabulary . No. 1 . Teubner, Leipzig 1904, p. 1376 f . : Alfred Holder's compilation shows the frequent formation of place names on -dunum with first members (basic words) that relate to the nature of the place.
  12. ↑ See David Ellis Evans: Gaulish personal names: a study of some Continental Celtic formations . In: Clarendon Press . No. 3 . Oxford 1967, p. 293, 297, 349 .
  13. ↑ See Hermann Reichert: Karrodounon . In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . No. 16 . de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-11-016782-4 , p. 322 f .
  14. ^ According to Ptolemy 2,11 with 41 ° 00 'longitude and 47 ° 40' latitude.
  15. ^ According to Ptolemy 2,11 with 45 ° 00 'longitude and 56 ° 00' latitude.
  16. ↑ Cf. Theodor Steche : Old Germania in the geography book of Claudius Ptolemy . Leipzig 1937, p. 149 . , see. Gerhard Rasch: The preserved by the ancient authors geographical names in the area north of the Alps from the left bank to the Pannonian border, their meaning and linguistic background: . (Ruhpolding), Heidelberg 1950, p. 33 (T. 1. 2). as well as cf. Günther Christian Hansen : Ptolemy . In: J. Herrmann (Ed.): Greek and Latin sources on the early history of Central Europe up to the middle of the 1st millennium a. Z., No. 3; In: Writings and Sources of the Old World, Volume 37 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1991, p. 580 .
  17. ↑ See Andreas Kleineberg, Christian Marx, Eberhard Knobloch , Dieter Lelgemann : Germania and the island of Thule. The decryption of Ptolemy´s "Atlas of the Oikumene" . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2011, ISBN 978-3-534-24525-3 .

literature

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