Castilian ostrich grass

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Castilian ostrich grass
Agrostis castellana.jpg

Castilian ostrich grass ( Agrostis castellana )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Ostrich grasses ( Agrostis )
Type : Castilian ostrich grass
Scientific name
Agrostis castellana
Boiss. & Reut.

The Castillian bentgrass or Castilla bentgrass ( Agrostis Castellana ) is a plant from the genus of Agrostis ( Agrostis ) in the family of grasses (Poaceae). The natural range is in southern Europe , North Africa and western Asia . It is a neophyte in many countries in Europe, the New World and Australia .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Castilian ostrich grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and rarely reaches heights of 20 to 45 to 80 centimeters. It forms gray-green, loose lawns with more or less long underground runners , and rarely also short above-ground creeping shoots . The renewal shoots grow upward outside the lowest leaf sheaths. The smooth and bare stalks have three to five nodes.

The leaf sheaths are smooth and glabrous. The ligule of the renewal shoot is a 0.8 to 1.4 millimeter long, membranous border, that of the uppermost stalk leaves is 2 to 3 millimeters long. The leaf blades are 3 to 10 centimeters long, spread out flat or rolled up, 2 to 3, sometimes up to 4 millimeters wide, rough on the top and smooth and hairless on the underside.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to July. The loose and contracted, paniculate inflorescence is 5 to 20 centimeters long and only spread out to the anthesis . The side branches go from three to seven from the main axis. The largest reach lengths of 4 to 8 centimeters. The spikelets are solitary, are single-flowered, yellow-brown or brownish, sometimes tinged with purple and 2 to 3 rarely up to 3.5 millimeters long. Fertile spikelets have a thread-like, petiolate, 1 to 2.3 millimeters long and rough stalk. The florets falls into the ripening period from the Glumes that remain on the vine. The upper and lower glume are almost the same and about as long as the spikelet, with the lower one slightly shorter. They are single-nerved, lanceolate, pointed, bald or sometimes with short hairs and rough on the keel. The callus of the florets is hairy 0.5 millimeters long. The lemma is five-nerved, broadly lanceolate, 1.8 to 2.5 millimeters long and truncated at the upper end. The two outer lateral nerves each end in a short awning tip 0.2 to 0.5 millimeters long. The lemma is more or less dense and hairy long and awned on the back in the lower third. Some lemmas, even on spikelets of the same panicle, are hairless, awnless and the lateral nerves do not show awning tips. The awn is 3 to 5 millimeters long and twisted in the lower part. The palea is two-veined and only reaches half to two thirds of the length of the lemma. The two erectile tissue are membranous. The three anthers are about 1.5 millimeters long. The two scars protrude from the side.

As fruits ( caryopses ) are about 1.2 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is given as 2n = 28 and 2n = 42.

Distribution and location requirements

The natural distribution area extends from southwest to southeast Europe , from Portugal , Spain and France via Italy , Slovenia , Croatia , Serbia and Macedonia to Greece , Bulgaria and Romania . It is found in Macaronesia , in North Africa in Algeria as well as Morocco and in western Asia in Turkey and Lebanon . It is a neophyte in Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Oregon in the United States, and many countries in Europe . In Austria it can be found in Upper Austria , Styria , Carinthia and Tyrol . In Germany it was introduced in 1955 by sowing lawn seeds. It was found near Geesthacht in Schleswig-Holstein and in the Harz Mountains (both since 1960), in Berlin (since 1968), near Ludwigsburg (1984), in the Upper Rhine Plain (1993) and in the eastern Main Plain (1993).

It usually grows on moderately dry and lime-poor sand - and clay soils in ruderal .

Systematics

The first description of Agrostis castellana was in 1842 by Pierre Edmond Boissier and Georges François Reuter in Diagnoses Plantarum Novarum Hispanicarum . The genus name Agrostis comes from the Latin agrostis denoting annoying weeds that grow in the fields. The specific epithet castellana refers to the occurrence in Castile .

Synonyms for Agrostis castellana Boiss. & Reut. are among others Agrostis alba subsp. castellana (Boiss. & Reut.) P. Fourn. , Agrostis azorica (Hochst.) Tutin & EFWarb. , Agrostis bolivaris Sennen , Agrostis canariensis Parl. , Agrostis capillaris subsp. castellana (Boiss. & Reut.) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo , Agrostis capillaris subsp. olivetorum (Godr.) O Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo , Agrostis hispanica Boiss. & Reut. , Agrostis lusitanica Steud. , Agrostis moldavica Dobrescu & Beldie , Agrostis olivetorum Godr. , Agrostis parlatorei Breistr. , Agrostis schottii Trin. , Agrostis stolonifera subsp. castellana (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire & Trot. , Agrostis tricuspidata Hack. , Calamagrostis azorica (Hochst.) Steud. and Deyeuxia azorica Hochst. ex Seub.

What is striking about the species Agrostis castellana are the differently developed lemmas, even within a panicle.

swell

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 58, 59 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 1187.
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 46 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German name according to Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch , p. 58
  2. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 1187 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 58, 59 .
  4. ↑ a b c W. D. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, KT Harman, H. Williamson: Agrostis castellana. In: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, accessed February 1, 2014 .
  5. ^ A b Agrostis castellana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  6. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Agrostis castellana. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  7. ↑ Agrostis castellana. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved February 1, 2014 .
  8. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 46

Web links

Commons : Castilian Ostrich ( Agrostis castellana )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files